英语结构短语

1、英语基本句型结构主要有：Subject（主语）+Verb（谓语）、Subject（主语）+Link. V（系动词）+Predicate（表语）、Subject（主语）+Verb（谓语）+Object（宾语）等。 2、主谓结构：Subject（主语）+Verb（谓语），谓语动词均为不及物动词，后面不跟宾语，但可以跟时间、地点、方式等状语。 例句： The rain has stopped.雨停了。 The sun rises.太阳升起来了。 You will success.你会成功的。 3、主谓宾结构：Subject（主语）+Verb（谓语）+Object（宾语）,这里的谓语动词是及物动词，后面必须跟宾语。 例句： She cooked her hushand a delicious meal.她给她丈答夫做了一顿美味的饭。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 4、主系表结构：ubject（主语）+Link. V（系动词）+Predicate（表语），常见动词有：be(是),become(成为),look(看上去),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(成为，变得),come(变得)，appear(显得)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)等。 例句: They seem to be hungry.他们似乎饿了。 They look tired and thirsty.他们看起来又累又渴。 He looks handsome.他看上去很帅。 5、主谓宾+宾补结构：此结构中谓语动词为及物动词或短语，补足语可以是为名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式。 例句：We keep the classroom clean.我们保持教室干净。 6、主谓+间宾+直宾结构：此结构中谓语动词为及物动词或短语，其后接直接（sb.）和间接（sth）两个宾语。 例句：Her father handed her a letter.她爸爸给她买了一本词典。

主谓短语也叫做独立主格、独立结构或独立主格结构。它的构成是：

名词/代词+动词

叫它“短语”而不是“句子”，因此，其中的动词必须用“非谓语”动词的形式，否则就是“主谓句子”了，这一点无疑是了解短语最重要的一点了。

那么最后的构成是这样的：

名词/代词+非谓语动词

1、名词/代词+现在分词

Mary coming back, they discussed it together.

如果不用主谓短语，就需要两个句子来表达同样一句话：

Mary came back. They discussed it together.

The train arriving at Platform 8 is the 17.50from London.

如果不用主谓短语，就需要两个句子来表达同样一句话：

The train arrived at Platform 8. The train is the17.50 from London.

或者用定语从句来表达：

The train which arrived at Platform 8 is the 17.50 from London.

2、名词/代词+不定式

Lots of homework to do, the little boy had to stay home all day.

No house to live in, the beggar had to sleep in the cave.

I sent you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.

3、名词/代词+过去分词

The system used in this school is very successful.

He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.

The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons finished for the day.

注意：(逻辑)主语和谓语有被动的意思

4、主系表短语

His stomach (being) empty, he looked for something to eat when he came back.

注：上面的(逻辑)表语是形容词

Class (being) over, the students rushed out of the class.

注：上面的(逻辑)表语是副词

He came out of the library, a thick dictionary (being) under his arm.

注：上面的(逻辑)表语是介宾短语

with/without 独立结构

John received an invention to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.

Without his work finished, John got home late.

They sit in small circles in the square, with their babies on the backs, completely uninterested in the tourists.

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