英语短语结构

英语的基本句型主要有五种，它们是：1、主语———动词———表语2、主语———动词3、主语———动词———宾语4、主语———动词———宾语———宾语5、主语———动词———宾语———补语掌握好这些基本句型，就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础.下面分别讲解这五种句型.一、主语---动词----表语在这一句型中，动词是系动词，划线部分为表语.1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.（名词做表语）2.Gradualy he became silent.（形容词做表语）3.She remained standing for a hour.（现在分词做表语）4.The question remained unsolved.（过去分词做表语）5.The machine is out of order.（介词短语做表语）6.The television was on.（副词做表语）7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.（动词不定式做表语）8.My job is repairing cars.（动名词做表语）9.The question is what you want to do.（从句做表语，即：表语从句）注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构.I'm happy to meet you.They are willing to help.We are determined to follow his example.二、主语———动词在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组.在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰.1.The sun is rising.2.I'll try.3.Did you sleep well?(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)4.The engine broke down.注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态.1.The book sells wel.2.The window won't shut.3.The pen writes smoothly.4.Cheese cuts easily.三、主语———动词———宾语在此句型中，动词为及物动词，划线部分为宾语.1.Do you know these people(them)？（名词或代词做宾语）2.I can't express myself in English.（反身代词做宾语）3.He smiled a strange smile.（同源宾语）4.We can't afford to pay such a price.（不定式做宾语）5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？（动名词做宾语）6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.（从句做宾语，即：宾语从句）注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法.四、主语———动词———宾语———宾语在此句型中，动词可以称作双宾语动词，在英语中，这样的动词并不多，在学习遇时，要牢记.后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语，其中间接宾语在前，一般表人，直接宾语在后，一般表物.这类句型有三种情况.第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语.1.He handed me a letter.He handed a letter to me.2.She gave me her telephone number.She gave her telephone number to me.第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语.3.She sang us a folk song.She sang a folk for us.4.She cooked us a delicious meal.She cooked a delicious meal for us.第三种情况，直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当.5.Tell him I'm out.6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？五、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词也不多.后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语.这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多.下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语.1.He found his new job boring.（形容词做宾补）2.The called their daughter Mary.（名词做宾补）3.This placed her in a very difficult position.（介词短语做宾补）4.We went to here house but found her out.（副词做宾补）5.What do you advise me to do？（不定式做宾补）6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补)7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.（不定式的完成式做宾补）8.He believed her to be telling the truth.（不定式的进行式做宾补）9.Did you notice him come in？（不带to的不定式做宾补）10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.（现在分词做宾补）11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.（过去分词做宾补）注意：在这个结构中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面.在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句.1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.分析：it是形式宾语，hisduty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语.2.I think it best that you should stay with us.分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语.注意：1.习惯用语的使用在英语中，有很多动词习惯用语，在学习的过程中，要注意它们的使用，不必分析单独每个词的使用.例：We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语)She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语，to stop是宾语补足语)2.在英语中，大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词，而且还会有一些固定词组，因此一个动词可以用于几种句型.例：ask①Did you ask 。

英语的句子结构判断，就是S+V+O的那种 总共有S+V,S+V+O,S+V+P,S+V+IO+DO.S+V+DO+OC.S+V表示：主语+谓语；S+V+O表示：主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P表示：主语+谓语+表语；S+V+IO+DO表示：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；.S+V+DO+OC表示：主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语.①you look nice.S+V+P表示：主语+谓语+表语②i love reading.S+V+O表示：主语+谓语+宾语；③the cat makes me happy.S+V+DO+OC表示：主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语.④he often gives me some advice..S+V+IO+DO表示：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；⑤she is dancing.S+V表示：主语+谓语⑥i can hear him singing in the next door S+V+DO+OC表示：主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语.⑦you shouldn't throw litter,S+V+O表示：主语+谓语+宾语；⑧i am reading an book.S+V+O表示：主语+谓语+宾语；⑨she found an article interesting.S+V+DO+OC表示：主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语.。

一般过去时的陈述句：主语+动词过去式+宾语一般过去时的否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语 主语+ was/were not +宾语一般过去时的一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ 动词原形+宾语？was/were +主语+宾语？一般过去时的特殊疑问句：：特殊疑问词+一般过去时的一般疑问句一般现在时的陈述句：主语+动词原形或单三形式动词（根据主语的变化而变化）+宾语一般现在时的否定句：主语+don't/doesn't +动词原形+宾语 主语+ am/is/are +not +宾语一般现在时的一般疑问句：Do/Does +主语+动词原形+宾语 Is / Are +主语+ 宾语？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般现在时的一般疑问句？现在进行时的陈述句：主语+ Be + 现在分词+ 宾语 现在进行时的否定句：主语+ be+ not+ 现在分词+宾语现在进行时的一般疑问句：Be+主语+现在分词+宾语现在进行时的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句一般进来时的陈述句：主语+will/be going to + 动词原形+宾语一般将来时的否定句：主语+won't/be+not going to +动词原形+宾语一般将来时的一般疑问句：Will + 主语+动词原形+宾语？Be + 主语+ going to +动词原形+宾语一般将来时的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般将来时的一般疑问句。

你好，I是主语，don't是助动词，want是谓语，tosee是不定式、非谓语，anyone是宾语，cut off from the expressive ,personal associations是宾语补足语，that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does是that引导的同位语从句，进行补充说明解释personal associations的翻译为：我不想要看见从意味深长的个人协会，一个仍然比数码键盘能更好的提升的圈子，快速离开的任何人。

1.从 some 开始是一个定语从句，whom 是关系代词的宾格，指代“素食者”，由于处在介词 of （意思是“之中”）后面，所以要用宾格，some of whom 意为“他们之中有些人”.句子翻译：素食者有多种类型，他们之中有些人甚至不吃动物制品，如牛奶、蛋类或奶酪.2.又例：There are many students in our school,some of whom come from foreign countries.我们学校里有很多学生，其中有些人来自外国.3.你可能会问：既然表示“其中有些人”，为什么不用 some of them 用 some of them 也可以，但是一定要用句号与前面的句子隔开，即 There are many students in our school.Some of them come from foreign countries.英语的逗号与句号不能随便替换！逗号只能分隔主句和从句，或分隔两个并列的分句，只有句号才能分隔两个独立的句子.。

首先句子主干VZ has developed a heat generator.Volker Zollmer (team from the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM),Germany,) has developed a heat generator( is manufactured by printing,with an “ink” special.)PS Germany是插入语 team from the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM)这句话是修饰前面的VZ，是一个长修饰，割裂了VZ和谓语has，让人有些云雾缭绕的感觉~这里我觉得应该是把manufactured 看成形容词，人造的.这样在a heat generator is manufactured by printing，这句话中，就可以嵌套一个省略公式，n +定语从句引导词+be+adj+介词结构，此类句型中，定语从句引导词和is可以省略或同时省略.既把that省略了.我个人理解是这样的，这个句子修饰复杂，主干就是VZ has developed a heat generator.如果想要讨论一下或者让我帮您翻译请追问.希望对您有所帮助.【公益慈善翻译团】真诚为你解答。

1. 动词+副词 ： write down, pick up, take away, find out, lift up2. 动词+ 介词： arrive in/ at, get to, listen to, compare with3 介词短语： in front of, in the middle of, beween..and, in general4 形容词+介词： be famous for, be interested in, be good at,be responsible for, be worried about, be angry with, be good for5其他： pocket money, spots car, a bit, a little, a few, quite a lot

主谓短语也叫做独立主格、独立结构或独立主格结构。它的构成是：

名词/代词+动词

叫它“短语”而不是“句子”，因此，其中的动词必须用“非谓语”动词的形式，否则就是“主谓句子”了，这一点无疑是了解短语最重要的一点了。

那么最后的构成是这样的：

名词/代词+非谓语动词

1、名词/代词+现在分词

Mary coming back, they discussed it together.

如果不用主谓短语，就需要两个句子来表达同样一句话：

Mary came back. They discussed it together.

The train arriving at Platform 8 is the 17.50from London.

如果不用主谓短语，就需要两个句子来表达同样一句话：

The train arrived at Platform 8. The train is the17.50 from London.

或者用定语从句来表达：

The train which arrived at Platform 8 is the 17.50 from London.

2、名词/代词+不定式

Lots of homework to do, the little boy had to stay home all day.

No house to live in, the beggar had to sleep in the cave.

I sent you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.

3、名词/代词+过去分词

The system used in this school is very successful.

He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.

The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons finished for the day.

注意：(逻辑)主语和谓语有被动的意思

4、主系表短语

His stomach (being) empty, he looked for something to eat when he came back.

注：上面的(逻辑)表语是形容词

Class (being) over, the students rushed out of the class.

注：上面的(逻辑)表语是副词

He came out of the library, a thick dictionary (being) under his arm.

注：上面的(逻辑)表语是介宾短语

with/without 独立结构

John received an invention to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.

Without his work finished, John got home late.

They sit in small circles in the square, with their babies on the backs, completely uninterested in the tourists.

公众号：英语语法教程