居里夫人英语

Galileo, Newton, up to the ear, Einstein, Madame Curie

英文简介：

Marie Curie, born in Warsaw from November 7, 1867 to July 4, 1934, is known as Mrs.

Curie.

玛丽·居里（Marie Curie，1867年11月7日—1934年7月4日），出生于华沙，世称“居里夫人”。

Her full name is Maria Skodowska Curie, a famous French Polish scientist, physicist and chemist.

全名玛丽亚·斯克沃多夫斯卡·居里，法国著名波兰裔科学家、物理学家、化学家。

In 1903, Curie and Beckler jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their research on radioactivity.

1903年，居里夫妇和贝克勒尔由于对放射性的研究而共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖。

In 1911, they won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry again for discovering the elements of ruthenium and radium, making them the first two Nobel Prize winners in the world.

1911年，因发现元素钋和镭再次获得诺贝尔化学奖，因而成为世界上第一个两获诺贝尔奖的人。

Madame Curie's achievements include pioneering the theory of radioactivity, inventing the technology of separating radioisotopes, and discovering two new elements, ruthenium and radium.

居里夫人的成就包括开创了放射性理论、发明分离放射性同位素技术、发现两种新元素钋和镭。

Under her guidance, radioisotopes were first used to treat cancer. Mrs. Curie died of malignant leukemia on July 4, 1934, due to long-term exposure to radioactive substances.

在她的指导下，人们第一次将放射性同位素用于治疗癌症。由于长期接触放射性物质，居里夫人于1934年7月4日因恶性白血病逝世。

扩展资料：

玛丽·居里，1867年11月7日生于波兰王国华沙市一个中学教师的家庭。父亲乌拉狄斯拉夫·斯可罗多夫斯基是中学的数学教师，母亲布罗尼斯洛娃·柏古斯卡·斯可罗多夫斯卡是女子寄宿学校校长。幼名玛丽亚·斯可罗多夫斯卡。

家人对其的爱称为“玛妮雅”。玛丽亚行五，上有三姐一兄，即苏菲、布罗尼施拉娃、海伦娜和哥哥约瑟夫。

玛丽在索邦结识了一名讲师，皮埃尔·居里， 也就是她后来的丈夫。他们两个经常在一起进行放射性物质的研究，以成吨的工业废渣，因为这种矿石的总放射性比其所含有的铀的放射性还要强。

1898年，居里夫妇对这种现象提出了一个逻辑的推断：沥青铀矿石中必定含有某种未知的放射成分，其放射性远远大于铀的放射性。12月26日，居里夫人公布了这种新物质存在的设想。

在此之后的几年中，居里夫妇不断地提炼沥青铀矿石中的放射成分。经过不懈的努力，他们终于成功地分离出了氯化镭并发现了两种新的化学元素：钋（Po）和镭（Ra）。

因为他们在放射性上的发现和研究，居里夫妇和亨利·贝克勒尔共同获得了1903年的诺贝尔物理学奖，居里夫人也因此成为了历史上第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性。

参考资料来源：百度百科-玛丽·居里

Galileo, Newton, Darwin, Einstein, Curie.

Marie Curie (Maria Skłodowska-Curie, November 7, 1867 – July 4, 1934), (Dolega coat of arms) was a Polish-born French chemist and pioneer in the early field of radiology and a two-time Nobel laureate. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw.Contents [hide]1 Biography 2 Bibliography 3 See also 4 External links [edit]BiographyBorn in Warsaw, Poland, her first years were sorrowful ones, marked by the death of her sister and, four years later, her mother. She was notable for her diligent work ethic, neglecting even food and sleep to study. After graduating from high school, she suffered a mental breakdown for a year. Due to her gender, she was not allowed admission into any Russian or Polish universities so she worked as a governess for several years. Eventually, with the monetary assistance of her elder sister, she moved to Paris and studied chemistry and physics at the Sorbonne, where she became the first woman to teach.At the Sorbonne she met and married another instructor, Pierre Curie. Together they studied radioactive materials, particularly the uranium ore pitchblende, which had the curious property of being more radioactive than the uranium extracted from it. By 1898 they deduced a logical explanation: that the pitchblende contained traces of some unknown radioactive component which was far more radioactive than uranium; thus on December 26th Marie Curie announced the existence of this new substance.Over several years of unceasing labour they refined several tons of pitchblende, progressively concentrating the radioactive components, and eventually isolated initially the chloride salts (refining radium chloride on April 20, 1902) and then two new chemical elements. The first they named polonium after Marie's native country, and the other was named radium from its intense radioactivity.Nobel Prize DiplomaTogether with Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, 1903: "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel". She was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize.Eight years later, she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1911 "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element". In an unusual move, Curie intentionally did not patent the radium isolation process, instead leaving it open so the scientific community could research unhindered.She was the first person to win or share two Nobel Prizes. She is one of only two people who has been awarded a Nobel Prize in two different fields, the other being Linus Pauling.Historical 20 000 złoty banknote of Poland with face of Maria SkłodowskaAfter her husband's death, she supposedly had an affair with physicist Paul Langevin, a married man who had left his wife, which resulted in a press scandal, invented by her academic opponents to smear her credibility. Despite her notoriety as an honored scientist working for France, the public's attitude to the scandal tended towards xenophobia—she was a foreigner, from an unknown land (Poland was still referred to as a geographical area, under the Russian Tsar), an area known to have a significant Jewish population (Marie was an atheist, raised a Catholic, but that didn't seem to matter). France at the time was still reeling from the effects of the Dreyfus affair, so the scandal's effect on the public was all the more acute. It is a strange coincidence that Paul Langevin's grandson Michel later married her granddaughter Hélène Langevin-Joliot.During World War I, she pushed for the use of mobile radiography units for the treatment of wounded soldiers. These units were powered using tubes of radium emanation, a colorless, radioactive gas given off by radium, later to be identified as radon. Marie personally provided the tubes, milked from the radium she purified. Promptly after the war started, she cashed in her and her husband's gold Nobel Prize Medals for the war effort.In 1921, she did a tour of the United States, where she was welcomed triumphantly, to raise funds for research on radium.In her later years, she was disappointed by the myriad of physicians and makers of cosmetics who used radioactive material without precautions.Her death near Sallanches, France in 1934 was from leukemia, almost certainly due to her massive exposure to radiation in her work.Her elder daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won a Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1935, the year after Marie Curie's death. Her younger daughter, Eve Curie, wrote her biography Madame Curie after her death.In 1995, Madame Curie was the first woman laid to rest under the famous dome of The Panthéon in Paris on her own merits. There is a 1943 U. S. Oscar-nominated film based on it. An extremely ahistorical Marie Curie appears as a character in the comedy Young Einstein by Yahoo Serious.Curie's picture was on the Polish inflationary late-1980s 20,000-zloty banknote. Her picture also appeared on the French 500 franc note and on stamps and coins.Element 96 Curium (Cm) was named in her and Pierre's honour.

Madam Curie is a French professor of physics. She was born in Poland in 1867. In 1891 she went to study in Paris University because at that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland. When she was studying in Paris, she lived a poor life, but she worked very hard. In 1895 she married Pierre Curie, and then they worked together on the research into radioactive matter. They discovered two kinds of radioactive matter----polonium and radium. In 1904 she and her husband were given the Nobel Prize for physics. In 1906 Pierre died, but Marie went on working. She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911. So she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes