LV end-systolic elastance (ELV in mm Hg/mL) is an indexof contractility that is load independent.29 It is determinedinvasively as follows: ELVLV end-systolic pressure/(endsystolic volumeV0), where V0 represents the volume (x axis)intercept of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship.The noninvasive calculation is possible by 2 methods. In 1method, V0 is ignored (VO is less than end-systolic volume),ie, LV end-systolic pressure/end systolic volume. In the other,systolic and diastolic blood pressures, EF, stroke volume,preejection, and ejection periods are needed. Its normalresting value is 2.31 mm Hg/mL. Therefore, the EA/ELVratio is normally 1.00.36. EA and ELV increase proportionatelywith age in normal men, and their ratio remainsunchanged.30 Normal women show a higher increase in ELVwith age, so the ratio decreases slightly.31In hypertensive men, EA and ELV are greater than in normalcontrol subject, but their ratio remains normal. Hypertensivewomen develop a disproportionately greater increase in ELV,so their ratio is significantly lower than normal subjects.32 Inpatients with systolic heart failure, EA increases as a result ofincreased peripheral vascular resistance, whereas ELV is decreased.Thus, the EA/ELV ratio increases with reduced myocardialefficiency.33 In DHF, both EA and ELV increase, and in3 studies,34–36 the EA/ELV ratio was similar in DHF patientscompared with those with hypertension but not heart failure.Therefore, the consensus from the published literature supportsthe notion that abnormal ventricular-arterial coupling atrest is not the culprit for developing DHF. However, 1 studynoted a reduced vasodilator reserve with exercise37; additionaldata are needed during exercise for reliableconclusions.
VT:vein thrombosis 静脉血栓RAD:右房内径 right atrium diameterLAD:左房内径 left atrium diameter...EPS:SNS: 骶神经刺激SCD:sudden cardiac death 心源性猝死DC:树突状细胞VA:Virtual Application 椎动脉TdP:远红外线治疗灯;特定电磁波PVCS:盆腔静脉淤血症pelvic venous congestion syndrome,PCV:红细胞比积测定MVO2:FG:纤维蛋白原PLT:血小板PVC室性早搏LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy 左心室肥大MI:心梗GP:膜糖蛋白;环境基因组计划VLP:心室晚电位ventricular late potential;类病毒颗粒LVOT:左心室流出道
你这家伙费了大家多少口舌?早搏,就是提前来的心跳A----------A----------A----------A A ------ A----------A----------A 22上面的A就是早搏,但起搏点可能不同,心房起搏的叫房早,接下来有房室交界区早搏,心室引起的室性早搏。。。分析蛮复杂。你知道这意思就行了