2021高考英语答案

During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works. 在为我的一本书接受采访时，采访者说了一些我仍然经常想到的话。因为对开放式办公室分心的程度感到恼火，他说，“这就是为什么我在街对面的共用空间拥有会员资格——这样我就能集中精力。”他的说法让我感到奇怪。毕竟，共用空间通常也使用开放式办公室布局。不过我最近看到了一项研究，才明白他的方案为什么有效。 The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels,70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however,the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. 研究人员在参与者完成创造性思维测试时，检查了他们身上不同程度的噪音。他们被随机分为四组，暴露在不同的背景噪音水平下，从完全安静到50分贝、70分贝和85分贝。大多组之间的差异没有统计学意义；然而，在70分贝组中，那些暴露在类似于咖啡馆背景聊天的噪音水平下的参与者明显优于其他组。由于影响很小，这可能表明我们的创造性思维对完全安静和85分贝的背景噪音的反应没有太大差异。 But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks. 但由于70分贝的结果显著，这项研究还表明，适当的背景噪音水平——不要太大，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。适当的背景噪音可能会干扰我们正常的思维模式，足以让我们的想象力四处发散，而不会让我们无法集中注意力。这种“注意力分散”似乎是从事创造性任务的最佳状态。 So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions. 那么，为什么我们中有这么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们努力集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己被其他人的谈话所吸引。事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，而一个共用空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供了免受干扰的自由。

2021全国高考英语一卷D篇阅读理解试题文本第一段：Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.原文节选第一段对照：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.1. 本段关键信息词汇：changed, popularization, original, misunderstand, makeup, far beyond, skill-based，but,a. Popularization: 为大众所普遍接受的（对普通公众有吸引力的行为、或者现象）b.makeup: 取含义 （N-UNCOUNT 天性;性格）Some-one's make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.There was some fatal flaw in his makeup, and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.他的性格有致命的缺陷，随着时间的推移，他陷入了久久的沉默，或者变得漠然。2. 黑体词部分从语篇思维角度可能会是影响阅读理解的关键词，也可能是命题题点所需要支持的信息词。32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.本题题干提问信息词汇：misunderstanding。相对应上面2提到的阅读以及命题关键词：misunderstood。本题的四个选项对这一部分进行了paraphrase，干扰项把原文信息进行了相反的paraphrase，正确项貌似对信息almost everything desirable 进行了paraphrase：It refers to a person’s positive qualities.但事实上，desirable 和positive 是两个具有不同性质的修饰类形容词。两者严谨来讲不能同指同一事物。此处，答案选择D。文本第一段命题人修改了两个信息词distorted—changed；equate—misunderstood。这两对词汇的替换是否恰当，供读者们探讨。本观点认为有欠妥当，因为欠妥当，引起32题的设计结合原文让人感觉不地道。Distort相似与misunderstood，而equate和misunderstood基本很难语义相关。考试文本第二段：We  prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.1.标色部分为“第二段”的试题文本和原文改动词汇对比。试题文本被认为在此处划分了另一段落。是否符合语篇写作形式逻辑，需要从写作技巧上进行具体分析。2.事实上，define无需改为describe。Prosocial or antisocial purposes改为good or bad purposes已经改变了，原作者的写作意图，两者含义区别很大，会给读者造成一定的思维干扰。perceive,understand,know这样的替换还是可以的。therapist/doctor，gauge/find, client/ patient,whereas/while, con artist/cheater的替换也可以接受。Ethical 应该是课标词汇，无需修改。3.“The ability< to accurately understand how others are feeling >may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. ”这是一个复杂句子，the ability 指上文提到的emotional intelligence所代表的能力。The ability may be used by a doctor to find...whereas (此处还是觉得原词更好）表示“指定性转折对比”，医生可以用以对症治疗，骗子也可能拿来行骗。得出结论：有情商的人群可能是具有两面性的分类人群。33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.  B. To clarify a concept.C. To  present a fact.  D. To make a prediction.此题属于细节理解题。理解了原文信息就可以读懂题干。但是选项信息区别性不是太大，命题人从主观角度给出D为标准答案。比较起来，D为最佳。AC并没有原则上的非正确性的信息支持。考试文本第三段：Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect  of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.  原文对照：Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social welfare.1. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.虽然关于情商的流行（大众化）观点远远超出了研究所能提供的合理支持（论证），但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊。a.run far ahead of :远远跑在前面。此处语境指“远远超过”。b.publicity n.(媒体的)关注，宣传，报道;宣传业;广告宣传工作;传播工作2. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social welfare.这种普及(媒体宣传形成的人们的普遍认知）最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他关心促进社会福利的人对情感的一种新的和急需的强化。试题文本第四段：The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.原文对照：The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life.此处research psychology/researchers,humans/people的替换意义不是很大，原文词汇更加贴切达意。1.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped boththe public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.情商的普及帮助公众和研究者重新评估情感的功能以及它们如何在日常生活中适应性地为人们服务。34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.询问作者情感态度的试题一般可以通过文章信息获得答案。文本3.4段表明作者的态度是肯定的。试题文本第五段：Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.1. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.虽然情绪智力的持续流行的吸引力是可取的，我们希望这种关注将激发对情绪的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。2. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将提供新的视角以此来研究人们如何管理（引领）自己的生活。此处，原文当中的navigate要比修改后的manage更能表达意义。3.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.情商，以其对头脑和心灵的关注，可能会为我们指明正确的方向。原文对照：Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.此题的命题点属于对段落大意进行概括，关联关键词“hope,will，may”, 链接答案中的expectations。D项的语言表述是有问题的。B项可以改为：Expectations for future studies on it. C项可以改为：The practical application on it.总结：本文是节选。文章基本表意完整。选取这一部分视角和普通关于情商的认知有一定的差异性。也正是这种认知差异性使得本文通过英语传达的思想略有难度。文本有一些复杂句，但整体句式整齐，没有偏怪句式，不会产生明显的句式语言障碍。当然，也会对学生的基本语法习得情况有一定的区分度。试题命制中规中矩。试题文本被命题人划分为5段，从文法角度是否严谨科学有待考证。建议语篇分析此文时酌情科学进行。试卷试题：We  prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run  far  ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect  of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.  The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.原文链接： Wechat Official Account: FreedomWriter 节选原文：Popularization has in some cases distorted the original scientific definition of emotional intelligence. Many people now equate emotional intelligence with almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to define emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either prosocial or antisocial purposes. The ability to accurately perceive how others are feeling may be used by a therapist to gauge how best to help her clients, whereas a con artist might use it to manipulate potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one an ethical person.Although popular claims regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social welfare. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and research psychology reevaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve humans adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is both warranted and desirable, we hope that such attention will stimulate a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in cognitive and affective science will offer intertwining perspectives from which to study how people navigate their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may adequately serve to point us in the right direction