雨果简介英文版

维克多·雨果(Victor Hugo，1802年2月26日～1885年5月22日)，法国浪漫主义作家，人道主义的代表人物，19世纪前期积极浪漫主义文学运动的代表作家，法国文学史上卓越的资产阶级民主作家，被人们称为“法兰西的莎士比亚”。中文名： 维克多·雨果 外文名： Victor Hugo 国籍： 法国 出生地： 法国贝桑松 出生日期:1802年2月26日 双鱼座 逝世日期:1885年5月22日 享年83岁 职业： 文学;小说家 毕业院校： 法兰西学院 主要成就： 法国浪漫主义文学运动领袖 代表作品： 《巴黎圣母院》、《悲惨世界》、《九三年》、《海上劳工》

Hugo, Victorborn Feb. 26, 1802, Besan�0�4on, Fr.died May 22, 1885, Parispoet, novelist, and dramatist who was the most important of the French Romantic writers. Though regarded in France as one of that country's greatest poets, he is better known abroad for such novels as Notre-Dame de Paris (1831) and Les Misérables (1862).Early years (1802–30).Victor was the third son of Joseph-Léopold-Sigisbert Hugo, a major and, later, general in Napoleon's army. His childhood was coloured by his father's constant traveling with the imperial army and by the disagreements that soon alienated his parents from one another. His mother's royalism and his father's loyalty to successive governments—the Convention, the Empire, the Restoration—reflected their deeper incompatibility. It was a chaotic time for Victor, continually uprooted from Paris to set out for Elba or Naples or Madrid, yet always returning to Paris with his mother, whose royalist opinions he initially adopted. The fall of the empire gave him, from 1815 to 1818, a time of uninterrupted study at the Pension Cordier and the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, after which he matriculated at the law faculty at Paris, where his studies seem to have been purposeless and irregular. Memories of his life as a poor student later inspired the figure of Marius in his novel Les Misérables.From 1816, at least, Hugo had conceived ambitions other than the law. He was already filling notebooks with verses, translations—particularly from Virgil—two tragedies, a play, and elegies. Encouraged by his mother, Hugo founded a review, the Conservateur Littéraire (1819–21), in which his own articles on the poets Alphonse de Lamartine and André de Chénier stand out. His mother died in 1821, and a year later Victor married a childhood friend, Adèle Foucher, with whom he had five children. In that same year he published his first book of poems, Odes et poésies diverses, whose royalist sentiments earned him a pension from Louis XVIII. Behind Hugo's concern for classical form and his political inspiration, it is possible to recognize in these poems a personal voice and his own particular vein of fantasy.In 1823 he published his first novel, Han d'Islande, which in 1825 appeared in an English translation as Hans of Iceland. The journalist Charles Nodier was enthusiastic about it and drew Hugo into the group of friends, all devotees of Romanticism, who met regularly at the Bibliothèque de L'Arsenal. While frequenting this literary circle, which was called the Cénacle, Hugo shared in launching a new review of moderate tendencies, the Muse Fran�0�4aise (1823–24). In 1824 he published a new verse collection, Nouvelles Odes, and followed it two years later with an exotic romance, Bug-Jargal (Eng. trans. The Slave King). In 1826 he also published Odes et ballades, an enlarged edition of his previously printed verse, the latest of these poems being brilliant variations on the fashionable Romantic modes of mirth and terror. The youthful vigour of these poems was also characteristic of another collection, Les Orientales (1829), which appealed to the Romantic taste for Oriental local colour. In these poems it can be remarked that the poet, while skillfully employing a great variety of metres in his verse and using ardent and brilliant imagery, was also gradually shedding the legitimist royalism of his youth. It may be noted, too, that “Le Feu du ciel,” a visionary poem, forecast those he was to write 25 years later. The fusion of the contemporary with the apocalyptic was always a particular mark of Hugo's genius.

维克多·雨果(Victor Hugo，1802年2月26日～1885年5月22日)，法国浪漫主义作家，人道主义的代表人物，19世纪前期积极浪漫主义文学运动的代表作家，法国文学史上卓越的资产阶级民主作家，被人们称为“法兰西的莎士比亚”。雨果出生于法国东部紧挨瑞士的省城贝桑松，他的父亲是拿破仑手下的一位将军，儿时的雨果随父在西班牙驻军，10岁回巴黎上学，中学毕业进入法学院学习，但是他的兴趣在于写作。他15岁时在法兰西学院的诗歌竞赛会得奖，17岁时在“百花诗赛”得第一名，20岁时出版了诗集《颂诗集》，因歌颂波旁王朝复辟，获路易十八赏赐，之后写了大量异国情调的诗歌。之后他对波旁王朝和七月王朝都感到失望，成为共和主义者，他还写过许多诗剧和剧本，几部具有鲜明特色并贯彻其主张的小说。 1841年雨果被选为法兰西学院院士，1845年上任院议员，1848年二月革命后，任共和国议会代表，1851年拿破仑三世称帝，雨果奋起反对而被迫流亡国外，流亡期间写下一部政治讽刺诗《惩罚集》，每章配有拿破仑三世的一则施政纲领条文，并加以讽刺，还用拿破仑一世的功绩和拿破仑三世的耻辱对比。 1870年法国不流血革命推翻拿破仑三世后，雨果返回巴黎。雨果一生著作等身，涉及文学所有领域，评论家认为，他的创作思想和现代思想最为接近，他死后法国举国至哀，被安葬在聚集法国名人纪念牌的“先贤祠”。

维克多•雨果(Victor Hugo)（l802～1885）是法国文学史上卓越的资产阶级民主作家,19世纪前期法国浪漫主义文学运动的领袖，是法国文学史上最伟大的作家之一。他的一生几乎跨越整个19世纪，他的文学生涯达60年之久，贯穿他一生活动和创作的主导思想是人道主义、反对暴力、以爱制“恶”，创作力经久不衰，作品包括26卷诗歌、20卷小说、12卷剧本、21卷哲理论著，合计79卷之多，给法国文学和人类文化宝库增添了一份十分辉煌的文化遗产。他的浪漫主义小说精彩动人，雄浑有力，对读者具有永久的魅力。 代表作有《巴黎圣母院》《悲惨世界》《九三年》等长篇小说。 雨果几乎经历了19世纪法国的一切重大事变。他从小崇拜法国早期浪漫主义作家夏多布里昂。1827年发表韵文剧本《克伦威尔》和《序言》（1827），“序言”被称为法国浪漫主义戏剧运动的宣言，是雨果极为重要的文艺论著。1830年他据序言中的理论写成第一个浪漫主义剧本《爱尔那尼》，它的演出标志着浪漫主义对古典主义的胜利。 《巴黎圣母院》（1831）是雨果第一部大型浪漫主义小说。它以离奇和对比手法写了一个发生在15世纪法国的故事：巴黎圣母院副主教克罗德道貌岸然、蛇蝎心肠，先爱后恨，迫害吉卜赛女郎爱斯梅拉尔达。面目丑陋、心地善良的敲钟人卡西莫多为救女郎舍身。小说揭露了宗教的虚伪，宣告禁欲主义的破产，歌颂了下层劳动人民的善良、友爱、舍己为人，反映了雨果的人道主义思想。 《悲惨世界》最能代表雨果的思想艺术风格，他以卓越的艺术魅力展示了资本主义社会奴役劳动人民、逼良为娼的残酷的现实。然而，作家深信唯有道德感化是医治社会灾难的良方。小说虽不乏现实主义因素，但就人物形象的塑造、环境的描写，象征和对比手法的运用等方面而言，仍然是一部浪漫主义的杰作。 《巴黎圣母院》和《悲惨世界》多次被拍成电影，在世界上广为流传，成为经典之作。长篇小说：《巴黎圣母院》、《悲惨世界》剧本：《克伦威尔》和《序言》、《爱尔那尼》

Weikeduo · Hugo (Victor Hugo), May 22 , 1885 on February 26 , 1802) is leading exponent of France romantism writer , is that the leader , France history of literature that positive 19 centuries romantism the earlier stage literature moves mount the preeminent bourgeois democracy writer. Hugo has experienced all significant 19 centuries French incidents nearly. That a lifetime composes more than the correct or required number headquarter poetry and song , the novel , script , various prose and literary or art criticism reach the political comment article, is that France personage having effect. Hugo is born in Du province Beisangsong that France tightens in the next to Swiss , his father is Napoleon Bonaparte under the leadership of one General

这个网页也许可以帮你部分摘录Victor Hugo (1802-1885) Novelist, poet, and dramatist, the most important of French Romantic writers. In his preface to his historical play CROMWELL (1827) Hugo wrote that romanticism is the liberalism of literature. Hugo developed his own version of the historical novel, combining concrete, historical details with vivid, melodramatic, even feverish imagination. Victor-Marie Hugo was born in Besançon as the son of Joseph-Léopold-Sigisbert Hugo and Sophie Trébuchet. Hugo's father was an officer in Napoleon's army, an enthusiastic republican and ruthless professional soldier, who loved dangers and adventures. After the marriage of his parents had collapsed, he was raised by his mother. In 1807 Sophie took her family for two years from Paris to Italy, where Léopold served as a governor of a province near Naples. When General Hugo took charge of three Spanish provinces, Sophie again joined her husband. Sophie's lover, General Victor Lahorie, her husband's former Commandin Officer, was shot in 1812 by a firing-squad for plotting against Napoleon. From 1815 to 1818 Hugo spend in the Pension Cordier in Paris, but most of the classes of the school were held at the Collège Louis-le Grand. He began in early adolescence to write verse tragedies and poetry, and translated Virgil. In 1822 Hugo married Adèle Foucher (d. 1868), who was the daughter of an officer at the ministry of war. His brother Eugéne, who had mental problems, was secretly in love with her and lost his mind on Hugo's wedding day. Engéne spent the rest of his life in an institution. In the 1820s Hugo come in touch with liberal writers, but his political stand wavered from side to side. He wrote royalist odes, cursed the memory of Napoleon, but then started to defend his father's role in Napoleon's victories, and attack the injustices of the monarchist regime. General Hugo died in 1828; at that time Hugo started to call himself a baron. Hugo's foreword for his play CROMWELL (1827), a manifesto for a new drama, started a debate between French Classicism and Romanticism. However, Hugo was not a rebel, and not directly involved in the campaign against the bourgeois, but he influenced deeply the Romantic movement and the formulation of its values in France. "The Victor I loved is no more," said Alfred de Vigny, "... now he likes to make saucy remarks and is turning into a liberal, which does not suit him..." Hugo gained a wider fame with his play HERNANI (1830), in which two lovers poison each other, and with his famous historical work NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS, which became an instant success. Since its appearance in 1831 the story has became part of the popular culture. The novel, set in 15th century Paris, tells a moving story of a gypsy girl Esmeralda and the deformed, deaf bell-ringer, Quasimodo, who loves her. Esmeralda aroses passion in Claude Frollo, an evil priest, who discovers that she favors Captain Phoebus. Frollo stabs the captain and Esmeralda is accused of the crime. Quasimodo attempts to shelter Esmeralda in the cathedral. Frollo finds her and when Frollo is rejected by Esmeralda, he leaves her to the executioners. In his despair Quasimodo catches the priest, throws him from the cathedral tower, and disappears. Later two skeletons are found in Esmeralda's tomb - that of a hunchback embracing that of a woman.In the 1830s Hugo published several volumes of lyric poetry, which were inspired by Juliette Drouet (Julienne-Joséphine Gauvain), an actress with whom Hugo had a liaison until her death in 1882. Adéle had an affair with Hugo's friend Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve.Hugo's lyrical style was rich, intense and full of powerful sounds and rhythms, and although it followed the bourgeois popular taste of the period it also had bitter personal tones. Hugo's 'Mme Biard poems' - he had an affair with Léonie d'Aunet (Mme Biard's maiden name) in the 1840s - are intensely sexual. According to Verlaine a typical Hugo love poem was "I like you. You yield to me. I love you. - You resist me. Clear off..." In his later life Hugo became involved in politics as a supporter of the republican form of government. After three unsuccessful attempts, Hugo was elected in 1841 to the Académie Francaise. This triumph was shadowed by the death of Hugo's daughter Léopoldine. She had married Charles Vacquerie in February 1843, and in September she drowned with her husband.