牛津字典英文翻译

快到腕里来

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THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARYYou may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries. The spelling of English has always been a problem but it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary. Then people could spell words in different ways which you might find interesting. But it made reading English much more difficult. So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same. In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn't made until the time of the late Qing Dynasty. Three men did most of the important early work on dictionaries: Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray. These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries. For them, it wasn't only a job; it was a wonderful journey of discovery. The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short. The idea for this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-two years later, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary.Murray had never been to college. At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. Later he became a great teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a place built in the garden behind his house to do his work. Part of it was one metre underground. In winter it felt like a barn, he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm. Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o'clock and worked several hours before breakfast. Often he would work by candle light into the evening. Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was still adding words for the letter A! Then others went to work with Murray, including his two daughters. He worked on the dictionary until he was very old. Forty-four years later, in 1928, other editors finished it. It included more than 15,000 words in twelve books. And you thought your English dictionary was big!你可能认为英文字典已经存在了很多，许多世纪以来使用。英语拼写一直是一个问题，但它是一个字典的前一个问题更多的日子。那么，人们可以以不同的方式拼写，你可能会感兴趣的话。但它使阅读英文困难得多。所以字典发明，鼓励大家拼写相同。对他们来说，不仅是一份工作，这是一个探索发现的奇妙旅程。世界上最大的字典是牛津英语字典，或者简称为执行主任办公室。对于这本字典的想法是来自英国的一个重要会议于1857年。二十二年后，牛津大学问詹姆斯穆雷是其新词典的编辑。穆雷从来没有上过大学。在十四岁，他离开他的村庄在苏格兰的学校，自学而在一家银行上班。后来，他成为一个伟大的老师。牛津大学后给他的工作，穆雷曾在自家房子后面的花园建成一个地方做他的工作。它的地下部分为一米。在冬季，感觉就像是一个粮仓，他不得不穿上厚重的大衣，放在一个盒子来保暖了起来。每天早上起床,默里和五点钟前的几小时的早餐。他经常会在蜡烛光到晚上。Murray希望完成新的词典在十多年了。但是五年之后,他还增加了对字母词!然后其他人去工作,包括他的两个女儿默里。他曾在字典里,直到他很老了。44年后,也就是1928年,其他的编辑完成它。它包含了超过1万5千字在十二卷。你认为你的英语词典是伟大的!

zhusun1989

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《牛津英语词典》里的中文词汇

《牛津英语词典》（TheOxfordEnglishDictionary）依历史原则编纂，是英语世界最大、最权威的英语词典。自2010年底整合资源，更新条目、定义与书证后，以在线版的形态重新问世。在线版的《牛津英语词典》收录了300个左右源自中文的词汇，或音译（loanword）或借译（loantranslation）。

从2013年第8期开始，作者每期介绍两条，照登《牛津英语词典》的定义并加以翻译，解释其词源，挑选精当的书证，以英汉双语的方式呈现。

pung碰

【词源】[
【定义】n.Asetofthreeidenticaltiles;theactionofcompletingsuchasetinone’shand.Alsooccas.asint.:announcingthisactiontootherplayers.一组三张同花色的牌；凑齐这样的一手牌。偶也作感叹词：向其他玩家宣布自己碰了。

【书证】

Ifanyoftheotherthreeplayersholdstwotilesidenticalwithonejustdiscarded,hemaycall‘Pung!’andtakeitoutofthepool.如果其他三个玩家手中的.两张牌跟别人跟刚丢出的牌相同，他们可以喊‘碰’，再把这张牌从牌堆里拿过来。──《来自许多文明的桌上游戏》（BoardandTableGamesfromManyCivilizations），1960

‘Pung!’saysawomannamedVioletatthemah-jonggtable.‘OramIsupposedtosay“Chow”?’名为Violet的女士在麻将桌上说‘碰’。‘还是我该说“吃”？’──美国《华盛顿邮报》（TheWashingtonPost），1999/9/22

woo和

【词源】[Originunknown.]来源不明（按：笔者猜测，可能源自吴语）

【定义】v.=mah-jongv.:Tocompleteone’shandatthegameofmah-jong;towinagameofmah-jong.亦作mah-jong（动词）：打麻将时手中的牌完成了组合；打麻将获得胜利。

【书证】

Aplayerwhosehandcontainsafalsesethasa‘foulhand’,andcannotwoo.玩家手中的牌若一组有误即属犯规，不能和。──《中国式麻将》（MahJongChineseWay），1943

Whenhecompleteshishand,foursetsandapair,aplayermaywooormah-jongbyshowinghiswholehand.Hewinsthedeal,endingplay.玩家手中的牌合成了四组加一对，翻开所有的牌就可以和了。一人和牌游戏就结束。──《斯卡尼游戏百科全书》（Scarne’sEncyclopediaofGames），1973