牛津英语教材模块6

人们总是喜欢笑,总是有幽默。其中最著名的和心爱的类型叫做单口喜剧。单口喜剧是特殊的,因为喜剧演员就在观众面前,观众可以直接对话。一个喜剧演员,可能取笑一名听众,或他或她可能决定告诉不同的笑话在回应一个观众的反应。类型的单口有不同风格的单口喜剧。主要的四个是观察,道具,物理和印象派。在观察性喜剧,喜剧演员使玩笑幽默的事情他或她在日常生活中所观察到的。如果你听到一个喜剧演员讲笑话关于人们的行为当他们在排队线,或问为什么它只下雨当你忘了自己的伞,你正在听一个观察的喜剧演员。道具喜剧演员使用的东西,叫做道具,告诉他们的笑话。这个笑话不有趣如果你不能看到道具。它是一种视觉幽默,如果一个喜剧演员指出计算机网球比赛和说,“我一直打网球一个月内每天。我不明白为什么我不减肥!”他或她是利用计算机作为一个道具。物理喜剧演员利用自己的身体来开玩笑。他们被椅子绊倒,走进大门,和倒在舞台多年。过去的风格被称为印象派。这些喜剧演员行为或说话像一个著名的人。这就是所谓的做一个人的印象。一个著名的喜剧演员只有少数单口喜剧演员已经成为著名的电视和电影演员在稍后的生活。这样一个人是比利晶体。像其他单口已经采取行动在电影、水晶仍然喜欢站立。世界各地的人们喜欢看他主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼。他主持节目的8倍。每一次,他执行他的喜剧表演在上百万人面前当节目在电视上直播。

chool life in the UK英国的学校生活Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before8 a.m. 在英国高中读一年书对于我来说是一个有趣又刺激的经历。我对学校的作息时间很满意因为学校在上午9.00左右开始上课在下午3.30放学。这意味着我可以比往常晚起一个小时因为中国的学校在8.00之前上课。On the first day, all students went to attend assembly. I sat next to a girl whose name is Diane. We soon became best friends. 第一天，所有的学生都去参加了会议。我坐在一个叫戴安娜的女孩边上。我们很快成了很要好的朋友。During assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China.在会议期间。校长把有关学校的校规告诉了我们。他还告诉我们在学校赢得别人尊重最好的方法就是努力读书取得高分。这听起来就像是我中国的学校。I had many teachers in the past year and they each taught only one subject. Mr Heywood was my class teacher. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke. She was the teacher who taught us English literature. In our class there were 29 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was difficult to remember all the faces and names. 在过去的一年里我有很多老师，他们每一个人都只教一门功课。海伍德先生是我的班主任。我最喜欢的老师是伯克老师。她是教我们英国文明的老师。在我们的班级里只有29个学生。这是英国学校每个班的学生平均数。我们不得不为了上不同的课程而去不同的教室。在一些教室，我们还有不同的同学，所以记住所有同学的长相和名字是很困难的。I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit difficult for me at first because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky as all my teachers were very helpful and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French. 我发现家庭作业也没有我以前的学校所布置的多了，但是起初它对于我来说是一个挑战因为所有的功课都是英语。我感到很幸运因为我所有的老师都很乐于助人并且我很喜欢我所有的课程：英语，历史，英国文明，电脑技术，数学，自然科学，体育，艺术，烹饪和法语。My English improved a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. I joined the Computer Club at lunchtime, so I could e-mail my family and friends back home for free. I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates enjoyed the cake that I made. 我的英语改善了不少因为我每天都在使用英语并且每天花一个小时在图书馆看英语书。我经常在午餐时间到电脑俱乐部，所以我可以免费回复我家人和朋友的电子邮件。我在周二晚上也有一个额外的法语。烹饪是真的很有趣因为我学会了怎样去买，准备以及烹饪食物。在学期结束时我们还举办了班级派对。我们都烹饪了些东西。当我的朋友很喜欢我制作的蛋糕时我很快乐。Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can drop some subjects if they don’t like them, for example, History, French and Art. They can choose other subjects like Woodwork, Computer Science or Languages, such as Spanish, German, etc. In woodwork class I made a small table. Though it didn’t look like a table when it was finished, I still liked it very much.. 在那个学校的学生必须学习数学，英语和科学，但是可以放弃一些他们不喜欢的科目，比如历史，法语和艺术。他们可以选择其他科目例如木工制作，电脑技术或者是像西班牙语德语的语言。在木工制作的课程上我做了一个小桌子。尽管他刚完工的时候看上去不像一个桌子，我仍然很喜欢它。I missed Chinese food a lot at lunchtime. British food is very different. British people eat lots of desserts after their main meal. They don’t seem to like fruit as much as Chinese students. After lunch, we usually played on the school field. Sometimes I played football with the boys. Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass. 在午餐时间我也很想中国的食物。英国的食物实在是很不同。英国人在他们主食之后会吃很多的甜点。他们似乎不很象中国学生那样吃水果。午饭后，我们经常在学校的操场上玩耍。有时候我也和男孩们一起踢足球。有时候我只是坐在树下或草地上休息。I was very lucky to experience this different way of life. I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction. And I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again.能体验到如此不同寻常的生活方式我感到很幸运，而且我也很希望有一天我还能回来继续在曼彻斯特读书。M1U1 Project：Starting a new school club 开创新的学校广播俱乐部We have a radio club in our school. It is great because it is run by the students for the school. I am lucky as I am one of the hosts. 我们学校有一个广播俱乐部。这个俱乐部的非常之处在于它是由学生们自己为学校创办的。我很幸运地成了其中的一名主持人。It was started two years ago. One day, I just began thinking about music for everyone, so I asked the headmaster if music could be played during break times. He approved the idea, and two years later I am in charge of the radio club as the oldest student member. Our club is much more than just music. Every morning we tell our schoolmates about the weather, recent news, and some special messages that the teachers want us to broadcast. 广播俱乐部是两年前创立的。有一天，我萌发了为大家播放音乐的念头，于是我就问校长能否在休息时间给同学们播放音乐，校长同意了。两年后，我作为元老负责校广播俱乐部的工作。我们的俱乐部现在不只是播放音乐。每天早上我们向同学们播报天气情况和时事新闻，还有老师们要我们播出的一些特别告示。During exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things they should do for preparation. At the end of the school year, many students who are graduating use our club to give messages to their close friends and teachers. 到了考试的时候我们就会做一档特别节目，告诉学生们复习迎考的注意事项。每当学年结束的时候，许多即将毕业离校的学生就会借助我们的广播俱乐部向他们的好友和老师留下临别致辞。When parents come to visit the school and talk to the teachers, we often play songs sung by students, and we also give messages to inform the parents of events such as outings and school plays. 每逢家长来访、与老师交谈的时候我们常常播放一些由学生们自己演唱的歌曲。我们还会广播一些通知告诉家长们有关诸如远足、校内戏剧表演之类的活动讯息。I shall miss the radio club after graduation, but I know that it will continue without me. (Kate Jones) 毕业后，我会想念广播俱乐部的，但我知道，没有我，它还会继续办下去的。(凯特·琼斯)Our school club ‘Poets of the Next Generation’ is a literary club that was started by our English teacher Mr. Owen. We meet on the last Friday of every month to talk about poems and poets that we like. In the club meetings, we first select poems that we love, and then read them aloud. We also discuss poems in our meetings. 我们的校内俱乐部“下一代诗人”是由我们的英语老师欧文先生发起的一个文学俱乐部。每个月的最后一个星期五我们会聚在一起讨论喜爱的诗歌和诗人。聚会的时候，我们首先挑选出我们喜爱的诗歌，然后朗诵这些诗歌。我们还在聚会时讨论诗歌。When I attended the first meeting, I was required to write a poem and I had to read it to the club. I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying. I once read a poem about nature in the school courtyard. I chose an old tree and gathered everyone under it before I read. The club members said it was one of the best compositions they had heard. (Bob Shaw)我第一次参加聚会的时候，被要求写一首诗，还得当着俱乐部成员的面进行朗诵。起初我觉得有些紧张，但所有的成员都是那么亲切、友好，我很快就不担心了。有一次，我在学校花园里朗诵了一首表现大自然的诗歌。朗诵前，我选择了一棵老树，把大家都聚集在树下。俱乐部成员们都说那是他们听过的最好的诗歌之一。(鲍勃·肖)

School life in the UK英国的学校生活 Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before8 a.m. 在英国高中读一年书对于我来说是一个有趣又刺激的经历。我对学校的作息时间很满意因为学校在上午9.00左右开始上课在下午3.30放学。这意味着我可以比往常晚起一个小时因为中国的学校在8.00之前上课。 On the first day, all students went to attend assembly. I sat next to a girl whose name is Diane. We soon became best friends. 第一天，所有的学生都去参加了会议。我坐在一个叫戴安娜的女孩边上。我们很快成了很要好的朋友。 During assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China.在会议期间。校长把有关学校的校规告诉了我们。他还告诉我们在学校赢得别人尊重最好的方法就是努力读书取得高分。这听起来就像是我中国的学校。 I had many teachers in the past year and they each taught only one subject. Mr Heywood was my class teacher. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke. She was the teacher who taught us English literature. In our class there were 29 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was difficult to remember all the faces and names. 在过去的一年里我有很多老师，他们每一个人都只教一门功课。海伍德先生是我的班主任。我最喜欢的老师是伯克老师。她是教我们英国文明的老师。在我们的班级里只有29个学生。这是英国学校每个班的学生平均数。我们不得不为了上不同的课程而去不同的教室。在一些教室，我们还有不同的同学，所以记住所有同学的长相和名字是很困难的。 I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit difficult for me at first because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky as all my teachers were very helpful and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French. 我发现家庭作业也没有我以前的学校所布置的多了，但是起初它对于我来说是一个挑战因为所有的功课都是英语。我感到很幸运因为我所有的老师都很乐于助人并且我很喜欢我所有的课程：英语，历史，英国文明，电脑技术，数学，自然科学，体育，艺术，烹饪和法语。 My English improved a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. I joined the Computer Club at lunchtime, so I could e-mail my family and friends back home for free. I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates enjoyed the cake that I made. 我的英语改善了不少因为我每天都在使用英语并且每天花一个小时在图书馆看英语书。我经常在午餐时间到电脑俱乐部，所以我可以免费回复我家人和朋友的电子邮件。我在周二晚上也有一个额外的法语。烹饪是真的很有趣因为我学会了怎样去买，准备以及烹饪食物。在学期结束时我们还举办了班级派对。我们都烹饪了些东西。当我的朋友很喜欢我制作的蛋糕时我很快乐。 Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can drop some subjects if they don’t like them, for example, History, French and Art. They can choose other subjects like Woodwork, Computer Science or Languages, such as Spanish, German, etc. In woodwork class I made a small table. Though it didn’t look like a table when it was finished, I still liked it very much.. 在那个学校的学生必须学习数学，英语和科学，但是可以放弃一些他们不喜欢的科目，比如历史，法语和艺术。他们可以选择其他科目例如木工制作，电脑技术或者是像西班牙语德语的语言。在木工制作的课程上我做了一个小桌子。尽管他刚完工的时候看上去不像一个桌子，我仍然很喜欢它。 I missed Chinese food a lot at lunchtime. British food is very different. British people eat lots of desserts after their main meal. They don’t seem to like fruit as much as Chinese students. After lunch, we usually played on the school field. Sometimes I played football with the boys. Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass. 在午餐时间我也很想中国的食物。英国的食物实在是很不同。英国人在他们主食之后会吃很多的甜点。他们似乎不很象中国学生那样吃水果。午饭后，我们经常在学校的操场上玩耍。有时候我也和男孩们一起踢足球。有时候我只是坐在树下或草地上休息。 I was very lucky to experience this different way of life. I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction. And I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again.能体验到如此不同寻常的生活方式我感到很幸运，而且我也很希望有一天我还能回来继续在曼彻斯特读书。 M1U1 Project：Starting a new school club 开创新的学校广播俱乐部We have a radio club in our school. It is great because it is run by the students for the school. I am lucky as I am one of the hosts. 我们学校有一个广播俱乐部。这个俱乐部的非常之处在于它是由学生们自己为学校创办的。我很幸运地成了其中的一名主持人。 It was started two years ago. One day, I just began thinking about music for everyone, so I asked the headmaster if music could be played during break times. He approved the idea, and two years later I am in charge of the radio club as the oldest student member. Our club is much more than just music. Every morning we tell our schoolmates about the weather, recent news, and some special messages that the teachers want us to broadcast. 广播俱乐部是两年前创立的。有一天，我萌发了为大家播放音乐的念头，于是我就问校长能否在休息时间给同学们播放音乐，校长同意了。两年后，我作为元老负责校广播俱乐部的工作。我们的俱乐部现在不只是播放音乐。每天早上我们向同学们播报天气情况和时事新闻，还有老师们要我们播出的一些特别告示。 During exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things they should do for preparation. At the end of the school year, many students who are graduating use our club to give messages to their close friends and teachers. 到了考试的时候我们就会做一档特别节目，告诉学生们复习迎考的注意事项。每当学年结束的时候，许多即将毕业离校的学生就会借助我们的广播俱乐部向他们的好友和老师留下临别致辞。 When parents come to visit the school and talk to the teachers, we often play songs sung by students, and we also give messages to inform the parents of events such as outings and school plays. 每逢家长来访、与老师交谈的时候我们常常播放一些由学生们自己演唱的歌曲。我们还会广播一些通知告诉家长们有关诸如远足、校内戏剧表演之类的活动讯息。 I shall miss the radio club after graduation, but I know that it will continue without me. (Kate Jones) 毕业后，我会想念广播俱乐部的，但我知道，没有我，它还会继续办下去的。(凯特·琼斯) Our school club ‘Poets of the Next Generation’ is a literary club that was started by our English teacher Mr. Owen. We meet on the last Friday of every month to talk about poems and poets that we like. In the club meetings, we first select poems that we love, and then read them aloud. We also discuss poems in our meetings. 我们的校内俱乐部“下一代诗人”是由我们的英语老师欧文先生发起的一个文学俱乐部。每个月的最后一个星期五我们会聚在一起讨论喜爱的诗歌和诗人。聚会的时候，我们首先挑选出我们喜爱的诗歌，然后朗诵这些诗歌。我们还在聚会时讨论诗歌。 When I attended the first meeting, I was required to write a poem and I had to read it to the club. I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying. I once read a poem about nature in the school courtyard. I chose an old tree and gathered everyone under it before I read. The club members said it was one of the best compositions they had heard. (Bob Shaw)我第一次参加聚会的时候，被要求写一首诗，还得当着俱乐部成员的面进行朗诵。起初我觉得有些紧张，但所有的成员都是那么亲切、友好，我很快就不担心了。有一次，我在学校花园里朗诵了一首表现大自然的诗歌。朗诵前，我选择了一棵老树，把大家都聚集在树下。俱乐部成员们都说那是他们听过的最好的诗歌之一。(鲍勃·肖)

为了更好地测试学生的综合英语能力，托福阅读考试在形式和内容上都进行了改革，新托福阅读在整体命题思路和出题套路上并没有太大的变化。也就是说考生要想在新托福阅读考试中取得好成绩，还是要把重点放在认真地做好考前的准备工作上，提高自己的英语综合能力，在把握新托福阅读考试思路，熟练运用解题技巧的同时，保证词汇量达到一定的水平。因此建议考生们一定要在备考的过程中配备新托福阅读的第一把剑——词汇。托福阅读考试中词汇题会占到三分之一的比例，也就是说每篇文章中基本会有4题左右的词汇题。而这些词汇题中的词汇基本上也不会是所谓的“变态词”。当然有的考生会说到时根据上下文内容猜出单词的意思不就可以了吗?但是很多考生会出现的一种情况是：题干中的单词能猜出什么意思，可是选项中的单词不认识，最终依然无法选出正确答案。以TPO 8中第二篇文章的题目为例：Paragraph 6: In view of these facts, scientists …Their calculation show that the impact kicked up a dust clout that cut off sunlight for several months, inhibiting photosynthesis in plants; decreased surface temperatures on continents to below freezing; caused extreme episodes of acid rain; and significantly raised long-term global temperatures through the greenhouse effect. This disruption of food chain and climate would have eradicated the dinosaurs and other organisms in less than fifty years.Question 11: The word disruption in the paragraph is closest in meaning to○ exhaustion○ disturbance○ modification○ disappearance有的同学对disruption一词并不认识，但是根据disruption所在句子的前一句话“他们的计算表明撞击扬起的灰尘遮挡了阳光达几个月之久，阻止了植物的光合作用，将陆地上的气温降到了零点之下，导致酸雨，通过温室效应造成了长期的、严重的全球升温”，考生们可以猜出该词为“扰乱”之意，但是再看选项，一些词汇量小的考生可能只知道最后一个单词的意思，而disappearance, 意为“消失”，又不可能是正确选型，因此这些词汇量小的考生们只能束手无策了。其实第一个选项为“耗尽、用光”之意;第二个选项为“打扰、妨碍”之意;第三个选项为“修改”之意，所以正确答案应该是第二个选项。其他题型的考查重点虽然不是词汇，但是词汇量缺乏依然会对题目的理解和答题造成影响，而如果考生们能够把这些单词都掌握好，那么考试的主动权当然也就掌握在自己手里了。现行新托福阅读考试对词汇量的要求约为8000左右，因此考生们一定要配备应试新托福阅读的第一把剑——词汇，要坚持把单词书完整“啃”下来并彻底消化，打好词汇量基础。当然要把一整本词汇书“啃”下并消化，除了勤劳，还要注意单词的记忆技巧，不能光靠“蛮力”，这样容易产生疲倦感和厌恶感，反而产生负面效果。考生们可以运用以下几种记忆技巧来背单词：★ 谐音记忆 如：lethal可记成“离骚”。★ 联想记忆 如：battlefield(战场)可以联想为“打仗battle的场所field当然就是战场啦”。★ 比较记忆 如：形近单词evolution和revolution相比，evolution比revolution少了个字母r, 这种情况下我们可以想evolution是革命之前的进化发展，所以少一个字母r。★ 发音记忆 如：exacerbate的音标为[gzsbet], 遵循了发音规律，考生掌握了该单词字母组合的发音规律，边读边背，就可以很轻松的记住它了。★ 词群记忆 如：在背choosier一词时，考生应同时想托福阅读中choosier的解释“demanding”一词。★ 拆分记忆 如：deforestation可以拆为前缀de-, 词根forest, 后缀-ation。★ 滚动记忆 如：如果背单词表，在第一天背了10个单词，那么第二天在背新的10个单词之前必须先复习第一天背过的10个单词;第三天在背新的10个单词前先复习前两天背过的20个单词，以此类推。另外考生们在背单词的过程中需要通过不断做题来复习阅读高频词，因为既然是阅读高频词，肯定在阅读的文章中是反复出现的。当然也会有很多同学说背词汇书太有挑战性了，背过之后特别容易遗忘，而且也感觉枯燥无味，所以考生们如果不喜欢背词汇书，建议考生也可以精读OG或者TPO中的文章，因为所谓的新托福阅读高频词当然就是在新托福阅读文章和题目中会反复出现并考到的单词。