初中英语字母音标

单元音：[i:] [i] [e] [ae] [a:] [۸] [ə:] [ə] [u:] [u] [כ] [:כ] 双元音：[ai] [ei] [iə] [əu] [uə] [au] [eə] [כi] 清辅音：[p][t][k][f][s][θ][∫][ts] [t∫][tr][h][l] 浊辅音：[b][d][g][v][z][δ][з] [dz] [dз] [dr][r][m][n][ŋ][w][j]

英语共有48个音标，其中辅音音标28个，元音音标20个。双元音：[ai][ei][iə][əu][uə][au][eə][כi] 辅音音标：分为清辅音和浊辅音，清辅音发音时声带不振动，浊辅音发音时声带振动。 清辅音：[p][t][k][f][s][θ][∫][ts][t∫][tr][h][l] 浊辅音：[b][d][g][v][z][δ][з][dz][dз][dr][r][m][n][ŋ][w][j]

音标(International Phonetic Alphabet)是记录音素的符号，也是音素的标写符号，应用于语言学中。音标的提出者是H·斯维斯特 P·帕西 琼斯。英语音标中有20个元音，28个辅音，共48个。

音标的制定原则是:一个音素只用一个音标表示，而一个音标并不只表示一个音素，由2个音素构成的音标我们称之为双元音，如汉语的拼音字母、英语的韦氏音标和国际音标等。

音标类似于汉语拼音，是记录音素的符号，是音素的标写符号，如汉语的拼音字母、英语的韦氏音标和国际音标等。它的制定原则是:一个音素只用一个音标表示，而一个音标并不只表示一个音素(双元音就是由2个音素组成的，相对于单元音来说。由2个音素构成的音标我们称之为双元音)。

国际音标严格规定以"一符一音"为原则，即"一个音素一个符号，一个符号一个音素"是读好英语单词必备的发音方法。

使用拼音方案的语言，同一字母在不同词中常有几种读法。例如:英语like和lit中的"i"，用国际音标注音，分别为[aɪ]和[e]，又如:普通话bān(班)和bāng(邦)的a，用国际音标分别为[a]和[e]。

此外，在不同的语言中，同一个音有不同的拼法。例如，英语的sh，法语的ch，德语的sch，波兰语的sz，捷克语的s ，实际上都是国际音标的[ʃ]音。

这些都是国际音标的长处，就是可以比较科学、精确地记录和区分语音(通行表上的音标计有辅音72个，元音32个，用来标注语音大致够用)。国际音标的排列，便于分析和掌握(辅音大致按发音部位和发音方法来定纵横坐标，元音按舌位高低前后来定位置)。

英语音标发音规则一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读 音例 词a在开音节中[ei] name plane Jane baby cake在闭音节中[æ] bag dad hat map black backe在开音节中[i:] he these me Chinese在闭音节中[e] bed let pen desk yes eggi在开音节中[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite在闭音节中[i] fish big drink sit milk swimo在开音节中[əu] those close go hoe home no在闭音节中[ɔ] clock not box shop socku在开音节中[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday在闭音节中[ʌ]bus cup jump much lunch在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读 音例 词a[ə] China another woman breakfast[i] orange comrade village cabbagee[ə] hundred student open weekend[ə:] nerve serve term[i] chicken pocket begin childreni[i] holiday beautiful family animal[ai] exercise satelliteo[ə] second tonight somebody welcome[əu] also zero photou[ə] autumn difficult[ju:] popular congratulation January动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operateu处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读 音例 词a在[w]音后面[ɔ] want what watch wash qualitya在f n sk ph sp ss st th前[a:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast fatheri在-nd -ld和gh前[ai] find child light higho在-st -ld前[əu] most postcard old coldo在m n v th前[ʌ] come monkey love mother四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词arar在[w]音后面[a:] car farm dark sharpener[ɔ:] warm quarter towardsoror在[w]音后面[ɔ:] forty morning short[ə:] word worker worseer ir ur[ə:] certainly bird Thursday辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词are[ɛə] care dare hareere[iə] here mereire[aiə] fire hire wireore[ɔ:] more score beforeure[juə] pure cureare ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[ə]音,例如:picture pleasure重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音.例如:parent zero story during inspiring某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.例如:orange very American paragraph六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词ai/ay[ei] afraid rain wait day playair[aiə] air hair chair pair repairal在f m前[ɔ] small ball talk wall all[ɔ:l] always also salt almost bald[a:] half calmau/aw[ɔ:] autumn daughter drawea[i:] teach easy cheap please[e] heavy bread sweater weather[ei] break greatear[iə] hear dear near clear year[εə] bear pear wear[ə:] earth learn earlyee[i:] jeep week green threeeer[iə] pioneer deer beerei/ey[ei] eight neighbour they[i:] either keyeu/ew在j l r s后[ju:] new few newspaper[u:] flew brewie/ei在[s]音之后[i:] piece field receiveoa[əu] coat Joan boat goaloar/oor[ɔ:] roar board door flooroi/oy[ɔi] noise point boy toiletoo[u:] broom food tooth school[u] book look cook foot goodou/ow[au] flower house count down[əu] know row throw though[ʌ] young country enough[u:] group you soupour[ɔ:] course your four[auə] our hour ours[ə:] journeyui在j l r s后[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition[u:] juice fruit suit七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读 音例 词ai/ay ei/ey[i] Sunday foreign monkeyow[əu] yellow sparrow tomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i].例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee-sion -tion[∫n] impression nation-sion在元音字母后[ӡn] vision decision occasion-tion在s后[t∫ən] question suggestion-sten[sn] listen-stle[sl] whistle-sure[ӡə] pleasure measure-ture[t∫ə] picture culture八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.例如:everyday[ei]handbag[æ]blackboard[ɔ:]有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.例如:sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[ə] 早餐cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔ:] > cupboard[ə] 碗柜九,辅字组的读音辅字组读 音例 词b[b] bike bus bag[/] bomb tombcc在e前或在i/y前[k] cake picture coat music[s] face decide cinemach[t∫] much chick rich teacher[k] school headache chemistry[∫] machine-ck[k] cock pocket black knockd[d] doctor bread hand day-dge[dӡ] bridge fridgedr-[dr] children driver drinkf[f] five four breakfastgg在e i/y前[g] bag gardon go[dӡ] orange large Germangh[f] cough enough[/] light daughter highgu- -guegu在非重读音节中[g] guess league dialogue[gw] language anguishh[h] hot head house hand[/] hour honestj[dӡ] jeep jar joke join Julyk[k] kind bike skate make weekkn-[n] knife know knockl[l] life milk school tallm[m] monkey come autumn-mn[m] autumn columnnn在[k] [g]音前[n] not shine ten note[ŋ] uncle thank hungry-ng[ŋ] morning young wrongp[p] paper plane pig ship penph[f] elephant photo telephoneq[k] Iraqqu-[kw] quality quiter[r] red rubber ruler

单元音：[i:] [i] [e] [ae] [a:] [۸] [ə:] [ə] [u:] [u] [כ] [:כ] 双元音：[ai] [ei] [iə] [əu] [uə] [au] [eə] [כi] 辅音音标：分为清辅音和浊辅音，清辅音发音时声带不振动，浊辅音发音时声带振动。 清辅音：[p][t][k][f][s][θ][∫][ts] [t∫][tr][h][l] 浊辅音：[b][d][g][v][z][δ][з] [dz] [dз] [dr][r][m][n][ŋ][w][j] 这些就是最基础的...

把26个字母按读音分成几类--1、带有/i:/读音的字母有B,C,D,E,G,P,T,V,Z(美音）2、带有/e/读音的字母有F,L,M,N,S,X,Z(英音）3、带有/ei/读音的字母有A,H,J,K4、带有/ai/读音的字母有I,Y5、带有/ju:/读音的字母有Q,U,W6、带有/a:/读音的字母有R7、带有/OU/读音的字母有O