名胜古迹英文简介

The Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is called the "Ten thousand Ii Great Wall" in Chinese. In fact, it' s more than 6 000 kilometres long. It winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys till at last it reaches the sea. It is one of the wonders of the world. The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it was built during the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Warring States Period, more walls were put up to defend the borders of the different kingdoms. It was during the Qin Dynasty that the kingdom of Qin united the dif ferent parts into one empire. To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. Thus, the Great Wall came into being. The Great Wall is wide enough at the top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side. Along the wall are watchtowers, where soldiers used to keep watch. Fires were lit on the the towers as a warning when the enemy came. It was very difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machines. All the work was done by hand. Thousands of men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men. Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest not only to the Chinese but to people from all over the world. Many of them have come to know the famous Chinese saying: "He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man." 长城是世界的奇迹，中国的骄傲，中国人对它了解甚多，但用英语将它描述出来恐非易事。此文描述较为详细，是非常好的背景资料。 [参考译文] 中国的长城 中国的长城汉语中常叫作“万里长城”。实际上它长 6 ooo多公里。它从西到东，穿过沙漠，越过高山，跨过深谷，蜿蜒而行，最后直到海边。它是世界上的奇观之一。 长城有两千多年的历史。最早是在春秋时期开始修筑的。战国时期，各诸候国为了保卫自己的边境，分别修筑了更多的城墙。在秦朝时，秦国把各诸侯国统一起来，成为一个帝国。为了御敌于国门之外，秦始皇令人把所有的城墙连接起来。这样，长城就形成了。 长城上面很宽，足够五匹马或10个人并排而行。沿城墙有许多烽火台，过去常有士兵驻守。敌人来时，就点燃烽火，以通知其他士兵。 没有任何现代机器，要修筑这样一座长城是非常困难的。所有的工作都不得不用手来完成。成千上万的人死了，被埋在自己修建的城墙下面。长城不仅是用石头和土筑成的，而且也是用数以百万计的人的血肉筑成的。 今天，长城不仅对中国人，而且对来自全世界各地的人们来说都是一处名胜。其中许多人都已知道这句中国名言：“不到长城非好汉”。

1、大雁塔

Dayan Pagoda is located in Dacheng Temple, Jinchangfang, Chang'an City,

Tang Dynasty (now south of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), also known as "Tiantan Pagoda".

In the three years of Tang Yonghui (652), Xuanzang presided over the construction of the goose

pagoda of Tibetan Buddhism, which Tianzhu brought back to Chang'an via the Silk Road.

The first five layers are added to the ninth layer, and the number and height of the seventh layer are changed many times.

Finally, they were fixed on the seven-storey tower seen today, 64.517 meters high and 25.5 meters long at the bottom.

译文：

大雁塔位于唐长安城晋昌坊（今陕西省西安市南）的大慈恩寺内，又名“慈恩寺塔”。

唐永徽三年（652年），玄奘为保存由天竺经丝绸之路带回长安的经卷佛像主持修建了大雁塔，最初五层，后加盖至九层，再后层数和高度又有数次变更，最后固定为今天所看到的七层塔身，通高64.517米，底层边长25.5米。

2、钟鼓楼

Xi'an Bell and Drum Tower is the combination of Xi'an Bell and Drum Tower and Xi'an Drum Tower.

Located in the center of Xi'an, capital of Shaanxi Province, it is a landmark building of Xi'an.

These two Ming Dynasty buildings echo each other with great momentum.

The Bell Tower is an attic building with three eaves, four corners and a cusp.

It covers an area of 1377.64 square meters and is built on the square foundation made of green bricks and white ash.

The cross-shaped cave 6 meters high and wide under the platform is connected with four streets in the southeast, northwest and northeast.

译文：

西安钟鼓楼是西安钟楼和西安鼓楼的合称，位于陕西省省会西安市市中心，是西安的标志性建筑物，两座明代建筑遥相呼应，蔚为壮观。

钟楼是一座重檐三滴水式四角攒尖顶的阁楼式建筑，面积1377.64平方米，建在用青砖、白灰砌成的方形基座上。基座下有高与宽均为6米的十字形券洞与东南西北四条大街相通。

扩展资料：

西安是中国首批优秀旅游城市。文物具有资源密度高、保存性好、水平高等特点。在中国旅游资源普查的155个基本类型中，西安市占有89个旅游资源。

西安周边有秦始皇陵72座，其中有“千古一帝”秦始皇的陵墓，周、秦、汉、唐四大都城遗址，西汉11座、唐朝18座，大小雁塔、钟鼓楼、古城墙等古建筑700多处。

参考资料来源：百度百科-西安

参考资料来源：百度百科-大雁塔

参考资料来源：百度百科-西安钟鼓楼

兵马俑:The Terra Cotta Warriors The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses are the most significant archeological excavations of the 20th century. Work is ongoing at this site, which is around 1.5 kilometers east of Emperor Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum, Lintong County, Shaanxi province. It is a sight not to be missed by any visitor to China. The museum covers an area of 16,300 square meters, divided into three sections: No. 1 Pit, No. 2 Pit, and No. 3 Pit respectively. They were tagged in the order of their discoveries. No. 1 Pit is the largest, first opened to the public on China's National Day, 1979. There are columns of soldiers at the front, followed by war chariots at the back. No. 2 Pit, found in 1976, is 20 meters northeast of No. 1 Pit. It contained over a thousand warriors and 90 chariots of wood. It was unveiled to the public in 1994.Archeologists came upon No. 3 Pit also in 1976, 25 meters northwest of No. 1 Pit. It looked like to be the command center of the armed forces. It went on display in 1989, with 68 warriors, a war chariot and four horses. Altogether over 7,000 pottery soldiers, horses, chariots, and even weapons have been unearthed from these pits. Most of them have been restored to their former grandeur. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses is a sensational archeological find of all times. It has put Xian on the map for tourists. It was listed by UNESCO in 1987 as one of the world cultural heritages. 华清池Huaqing pool Huaqing Pool is located at the foot of Lishan Mountain, about 35 kilometers east of Xian city. It can be conveniently visited on returning from the Terracotta Army site. On arriving at the Huaqing Pool, one is struck by the distinctive features of traditional palaces of the Tang Dynasty. The palace is called Huaqing Pool because it has many pools and hot springs. Willow branches droop gracefully down to the water of the pools. Pavilions, bridges and pools together constitute a most elegant palace. It was a rainy day when I went there and the whole palace was enveloped in mist: it made the scenery even more beautiful. It is famous for high-ranked imperial concubine Yang in Tang Dynasty.Yang Guifei was bathing in this place and was loved by the emperor ,so he built a lot of beautiful and magnificant palace there!

中国十大名胜古迹1.北京故宫：北京故宫古称紫禁城，是明清两朝的24代皇帝的宫殿，也是我国现存最完整的宫殿的群体。2.八达岭长城：八达岭长城被列入了《世界遗产名录》的中国古代伟大的万里长城，它体现了我们国古代人民的智慧结晶！3.承德避暑山庄：承德避暑山庄位于河北省，又称热河行宫，建于清朝是皇家别园。4.兵马俑：兵马俑是中国第一个封建皇帝的皇陵，修建了36年之久，是一座雄伟的地下皇宫。5.长江三峡：长江三峡西起重庆白帝城，全长204千米，称峡江。6.桂林山水：桂林山水是我国著名的风景城市。因为多玉桂树而得名，有“桂林山水甲天下”之称。7.苏州园林：苏州是我们国著名的历史古城，有园林城市之称。8.黄山：黄山是我国著名的风景名山，它有泰山之雄，峨嵋之秀，华山之险，衡山之烟云，庐山之瀑布等。9.杭州西湖：杭州西湖为与杭州西部，又称西湖子，风景秀丽，具山水之胜，园林之美。10.日月潭：日月潭位于台湾省南投县东玉山之北，是台湾最大的天然湖泊，被誉为“双潭秋月”是台湾八大景点之一。直饮水。

it is a litter difficult.you should write on some chinese about place of interest

Banpo Village -- 5,000 B.C.Six to seven thousand years ago, a stable village was built by a late Neolithic people. Banpo had about sixty buildings and housed over 200 people from two clans. It was a matriarchal society based on farming. The houses were thatch over wood beams while the floors were sunk 2 to 3 feet into the ground. Heat was provided by a central fire for the family. They stored food in underground caves, dug deep enough to protect it from wildlife and insects. The month before this trip I was in Chicago and stopped by the Field Museum. They have a model of a native American hut from a plains tribe. The similarity is striking. Food storage, architecture and the organization of the village all brought on déjà vu.The Banpo worked together. They dug a trench around the entire complex both for protection and for drainage. There was a large meeting hall in the center of the village and central storage. Most of the tools (axes, hoes, knives) were of stone, but some implements were of bone (needles for sewing). The stone tools looked remarkably sharp, but it was still fortunate to be in an area where the soil was loose and easily tilled.Art, in the form of geometric designs and human and animal figures is found on many of their pots. The village had their own pottery which produced specialized pots for drinking, storage, cooking, and burial. Although adults were buried in the cemetery outside the village, children and infants were buried alongside the huts in special clay urns. I would like to know why.Over the next 3,000 years the descendants of these people would found new villages, begin to build cities, use jade, bronze, and copper and increase their skills in agriculture. The first dynasty or unified government is called the Xia and lasted from 2200 to 1700 B.C. give or take a few years. After that, change came more rapidly (or appears to from our perspective).Terra-cotta Soldiers -- Qin Dynasty --221-206 B.C.Xi'an is peppered with the enormous tombs of emperors, dukes, generals and other wealthy people who would commence building as soon as they achieved power. Confucius (511-479 B.C.) emphasized that the son owed the father filial piety. This principle applied to the filial duty required of the people to the dukes and the dukes toward the king. This respect carried past the grave; the son showed his respect by giving the father a lavish burial and memorials. Confucius also said that a man should not plan or build his own funeral. It violated the laws of propriety. That seems logical. It would prevent the proper expression of filial duty.But if you are an Emperor. . . In 221 B.C. Ying Zheng (259-210 B.C.), King of Qin, became the First Emperor of Qin, (Qin Shihuangdi), when he managed to consolidate the neighboring states under his rule. He had begun work on his tomb shortly after becoming king of Qin at the age of 13. The work took 39 years. Everything about it is big and grandiose: it covers 56.25 square kilometers; there are terra-cotta models of 8,000 warriors; it took 700,000 workers to complete it; thousands of workers were buried within the tomb; the tomb has pearls embedded in the ceiling to represent the stars; rivers and lakes were modeled using liquid mercury -- the list goes on, even seeing it, you don't get the scope.The First Emperor does not seem to have been someone who enjoys a good argument. Confucianism also stresses the responsibility of the father (emperor) to the son (the people) and teaches that if you tax people too heavily and do not administer by the principle of propriety, your reign will not last and there will be rebellion. Excess was to be avoided. The core of Confucian philosophy is to advise good government. In 222 and 223 B.C. respectively, the First Emperor ordered the burning of books of history and philosophy and the death of 460 Confucian scholars who had the temerity to continue teaching the principles drawn from the past. He may have had them buried alive or just killed.Live burial was an old practice among the Qin. When Duke Mu of Qin died in 621 B.C., 177 slaves, citizens, and followers were buried with him. Duke Jing of Qin had at least 186 people buried with him when he died in 537 B.C. The practice is called "xun" and makes "following to the grave" have new meaning. The people who were buried with the ruler were supposed to continue to protect and serve. Everything that was comfortable and necessary in this life was provided in the next. The First Emperor is supposed to have had the artisans who designed and built his tomb killed so they could not reveal its secrets. The tomb itself has not been opened yet.On the bright side, the First Emperor did not have 8,000 warriors buried with him; the clay models are an advance. The tradition of "xun" may help to explain the great care taken to make each model unique -- each of the 8,000 soldiers has their own facial features, hair-style, and when dressed in the same uniform, the folds and fit are unique. The First Emperor also managed to build over 6,000 miles of road to rival those of the Roman Empire, over a thousand miles of canals for flood control, transportation and irrigation, and consolidated three sections of what would be the Great Wall into a wall of 5,000 li. Just the work on the wall took 10 years and 300,000 soldiers and uncounted numbers of civilians. (Visit the Great Wall page)Qin Shihuangdi centralized the bureaucracy and government to control rival states within the empire. His innovations (travelling inspectors, bureaucrats reporting in a hierarchy, and the unification of the country through roads and canals) laid the foundation for future dynasties. Only by bypassing local control and providing services through the central power could you not only conquer neighboring states, but successfully govern and unite them. Centralization was particularly important in the Yellow and Yangtze regions. Flooding periodically wiped out years of work and required coordinated planning to build canals across territories to control it. The Qin dynasty was quickly overthrown following the death of the First Emperor. Succeeding dynasties expanded the organization developed in the Qin, but returned, in part, to the Confucian principle of governing for the welfare of the people.The Silk RoadThe first Han (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) emperors built upon the foundations of the Qin and expanded their territory enormously. Unlike the Qin, they allowed the cultures of the new territories to remain intact and encouraged trade and commerce among the various parts of the empire.The Han emperor, Wudi, needed allies to guard against threat from a strong neighbor. He had heard of a very strong and rich state to the west. There must have been some amount of travel over long distances at this time for news to have reached Xi'an of countries as far as India. There had been no official contact, so in 119 B.C. Wudi sent Zhang Qian to form an alliance. Just outside his own territory, Zhang Qian and his men were captured by a Hun tribe and held ten years before he could escape and continue his journey. That he continued is one of the amazing parts of the story. The power of the emperor was absolute, you finished your task. The fact that a second envoy does not seem to have been sent after Zhang Qian didn't return in a few years is a second curiosity.Zhang Qian's travels took him toward India. He found the country he sought, but the ruling king thought it was a little impractical to form a defensive alliance at such a distance. When Zhang Qian returned and told Emperor Wudi of what he had seen in these western states, he was sent back with a large delegation and items to trade. Silk was an immediate hit. Over time, silk exports reached as far as Rome where it was a valued commodity. Silk feels wonderful to us now, imagine what it must have felt like to a people who had only worn loomed cottons and wools. Silk takes natural dyes readily, giving strong saturated color. Both cotton and wool mute the most vibrant dyes. So, instead of a defense alliance, they developed one of the first multi-national trade agreements.The effects on art, architecture, farming, and industry were immediate. There were direct imports of new products from the west including alfalfa, pomegranates, grape vines, and fine horses, but the real benefits to both cultures is less tangible. It fires the imagination to find that thoughts can be different from one's own.Walking through the exhibits in the Shaanxi (Shanxi) Provincial Museum is like walking through the history of the Silk Road. You begin with items from the Xia (2200-1700 B.C.) and move through history into the Ming and Qing dynasties. The collection from the Han through the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties shows the changes of art and craftsmanship. It isn't just that the skills have developed and changed, many of the early pieces are detailed and executed to perfection, it is the viewpoint that has changed. The later works have a stronger reality base, a knowledge of the world. We left the museum with regret, so little time. I have provided links to some Chinese Art pages in case you are interested.Big and Little Goose Pagodas -- Buddhism in ChinaThe Silk Road brought all sorts of strange and wonderful ideas to China in addition to the material trade. Politics, family relationships, philosophy, and religion would all be influenced by exposure to new concepts. In 652, Xuan Zang returned from India where he had spent 18 years studying Buddhism. When he returned he brought manuscripts of Buddhist texts to translate into Chinese. He must have had an excellent advance agent, because the emperor sent a huge escort to meet his party and the entire city celebrated his return. The crown prince Li Zhi had built the surrounding temple in 648 and dedicated it to his mother. The Big Goose pagoda was added for the manuscripts brought back by the travelers. When Xuan Zang moved into the temple there was another feast and celebration. Xuan Zang was the equivalent of an astronaut returning to a ticker tape parade. His journey was at least as dangerous and certainly took longer.The quest of Xuan Zang is the basis for a folk tale called The Journey to the West. The tale has many variations: it is performed in opera, has several series of children's books based on it, and there is a feature-length cartoon with the appeal of early Disney. The Monkey King is a rebellious sort who is sent to live inside a mountain until he mends his ways. When Xuan Zang plans his trip, he needs an escort. Buddha is asked if he will allow the Monkey King to take on the task. The Monkey King has his work cut out for him. Shifu (Master = Xuan Zang) trusts everyone, including evil spirits disguised as good spirits. The Monkey King would prefer that this good man were a little more cynical and certainly less innocent. The Monkey King meets terrible forces of evil of every shape and size and defeats them all. The story ends when the group eventually manages to get to the west. Today the story is of the Monkey King's bravery and ability to resist evil. The original story emphasized the need to rebel and not believe everything you hear.The Little Goose Pagoda on the grounds of the Jianfu Temple is called that because it is smaller, although it has more stories. It was completed in 709 A.D. when Buddhism was firmly established in China. The influence of Buddhism was so strong that Daoism, based on the teaching of Lao Zi, gradually adopted many of their rituals to maintain popularity among the people. We were told that the Little Goose Pagoda had lost several stories during an earthquake in the 1500's. It is difficult to tell, it looks complete. It is more delicate looking than the Big Goose with finer detailing in the brickwork. It, like the Big Goose pagoda, housed Buddhist manuscripts and is a part of a temple complex and monastery.________________________________________The Ming WallsSkipping over a few centuries and many name changes, Xi'an during the Ming dynasty was refurbished and returned to prominence as a center of politics and trade. The Ming emperors rebuilt the walls, incorporating one corner left over from the Yuan dynasty in their design. While the architecture of the Ming is steadfastly angular, the curved rampart of Hun design adds grace to the design. The walls are flat and straight, tempting for a 15 K jog.The Bell and Drum Towers were also built during the Ming dynasty. The were used to keep time for the town and sound alarms. When we visited the Bell Tower, we were just in time for a concert. It was good planning on the part of our guide. Tuned bells date back to the 6th century B.C. They can be made of stone, brass, or bronze. The shapes used change over the centuries, those shown here date from the Song dynasty. [These are not the bells used to sound alarms -- they were huge.]