music傻瓜英语

八十年代初，电脑音乐迎来了第一个真正的繁荣时期，同时也迎来了一个难以解决的问题，那就是各种电子乐器之间的通讯问题：各生产厂家都按照自己的规格生产电子乐器，当您单独使用某一厂家的产品时，您还不会遇到什么问题，可是当您同时使用几家公司的设备构成一个电脑音乐系统的时候，麻烦就来了，您怎么能使一台美国E-MU的音源发出您在日本ROLAND键盘上弹奏的一个标准A呢？ 为了解决电子乐器的通讯问题，1982年，国际乐器制造者协会的十几家厂商（其中主要是美国和日本的厂商）会聚一堂，各抒己见。会议通过了美国Sequential Circuits公 司的大卫.史密斯提出的“通用合成器接口”的方案，并改名为“音乐设备数字接口”，即“Musical Instrument Digital Interface”缩写为“MIDI”，公布于世。1983年，MIDI协议 1.0版正式制定出来。此后，所有的商业用电子乐器的背后都出现了几个五孔的MIDI插座，乐器之间不再存在“语言障碍”，它们同装上MIDI接口的电脑一起，构成了一个更加繁荣昌盛的电脑音乐大家庭。 实际上， MIDI 本身只是Musical Instrument Digital Interface 的缩写，意思是音乐设备数字接口。 这种接口技术的作用就是使电子乐器与电子乐器，电子乐器与电脑之间通过一种通用的通讯协议进行通讯， 这种协议自然就是MIDI协议了。 对于搞计算机的人来说， 不妨把MIDI理解成一种局域网，网络的各个部分通过专用的串行电缆(MIDI线)连接， 并以 31.25 KBPS 的速度传送着数字音乐信息。 MIDI 标准制定以后，开始只是在专业的电脑音乐圈儿里受到重视，但是随着电子技术的不断发展，尤其是近几年多媒体技术的突飞猛进，MIDI 作为多媒的一个重要组成部分，被炒得沸沸扬扬，几乎达到了妇孺皆知的地步。而大家也已经把这种接口技术当作了电脑音乐的代名词，常有“做MIDI”，“玩儿MIDI”的说法，使一些正统的“电脑音乐人” 觉得莫名其妙，啼笑皆非。 因此， 我们倒不妨将MIDI划分为“狭义MIDI”和“广义MIDI”两种概念，狭义MIDI就是上面所说的音乐设备数字接口，而广义MIDI则是大家已经约定俗成的整个电脑音乐的统称 ， 这样即不会造成概念上的进一步混乱，也不会使得MIDI一词失去其本质的含义。 1985年11月，国际乐器制造者协会公布了《MIDI 1.0版的细节规定》（2.0版至今仍在制定中），重新定义了一些控制器号码。此外，为保证MIDI的健康发展，还专门 成立了“MIDI厂商协会”和“日本MIDI标准委员会”等组织，MIDI标准从成长阶段步入了成熟阶段。 MIDI标准的成熟使各电子乐器生产厂商更加信心百倍，它们绞尽脑汁、挖空心思，以空前的热情生产出各种电子乐器，有键盘式的（合成器、主控键盘）、弦控式的（MIDI吉他）、敲击式的（鼓机）甚至还有吹奏式的（呼吸控制器），除此之外，还有五花八门的各种音源模块（就是把没有键盘的电子合成器）供人选购

只有一个单词：it

它：it

it，英 [ɪt]   美 [ɪt]

pron.它;他;正好是所需的;事实[情况]

n.<美俚>傻瓜，笨蛋;<俚>绝妙的人;理想的东西;登峰造极

例句：

1、We just stuck it to the window

我们就把它贴在窗户上了。

2、I tried the doorknob and it turned.

我试了试门把手，结果它转动了。

其他人称代词介绍如下：

人称代词用法：

一、人称代词主格用来作主语，一般放在谓语动词之前。

例如：

1、I am from China.

我来自中国。

2、We are good friends.

我们是好朋友。

二、人称代词宾格用来作宾语，放在动词或介词的后面。

例如：

1、Mr.Wang teaches us English.

王老师教我们英语。

2、Let me help you.

让我来帮你。

3、What’s wrong with him ？

他怎么了？

三、两个或两个以上的人称代词并列作主语时，排列顺序为：单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三。

例如：

1、You ,she and I are good friends.

我，你和她都是好朋友。

2、We,you and they all like music.

我们，你们和他们都喜欢音乐。

Westlife<> 那首叫窈窕淑女

Uptown Girl Uptown girlShe's been living in her uptown worldI bet she never had a backstreet guyI bet her mama never told her whyI'm gonna try for an uptown girlShe's been living in her white bread worldAs long as anyone with hot blood canAnd now she's looking for a downtown manThat's what I amBRYAN:And when she knows whatShe wants from her timeAnd when she wakes upAnd makes up her mindNICKY:She'll see I'm not so toughJust becauseI'm in love with an uptown girlMARK:You know I've seen her in her uptown worldShe's getting tired of her high class toysAnd all her presents from her uptown boysShe's got a choiceALL:OooooooooooooooooooooooooooooohOooooooooooooooooooooooooooooohSHANE:Uptown girlYou know I can't afford to buy her pearlsBut maybe someday when my ship comes inShe'll understand what kind of guy I've beenAnd then I'll winBRYAN:And when she's walkingShe's looking so fineAnd when she's talkingShe'll say that she's mineKIAN:She'll say I'm not so toughJust becauseI'm in loveWith an uptown girlSHANE:She's been living in her white bread worldAs long as anyone with hot blood canAnd now she's looking for a downtown manThat's what I amoooooooooooooooooooooooooooohoooooooooooooooooooooooooooohUptown girlShe's my uptown girldon't You know I'm in loveWith an uptown girlMy uptown girldon't You know I'm in loveWith an uptown girlShe's my uptown girl(repeat to fade)

The Thirsty Pigeon口渴的鸽子 A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture, she flew towards it with a loud whir and unwittingly dashed against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground, and was caught by one of the bystanders. Zeal should not outrun discretion. 有只鸽子口渴得很难受，看见画板上画着一个水瓶，以为是真的。他立刻呼呼地猛飞过 去，不料一头碰撞在画板上，折断了翅膀，摔在地上，被人轻易地捉住了。 这是说，有些人想急于得到所需的东西，一时冲动，草率从事，就会身遭不幸。 The Raven and the Swan乌鸦和天鹅 A RAVEN saw a Swan and desired to secure for himself the same beautiful plumage. Supposing that the Swan's splendid white color arose from his washing in the water in which he swam, the Raven left the altars in the neighborhood where he picked up his living, and took up residence in the lakes and pools. But cleansing his feathers as often as he would, he could not change their color, while through want of food he perished. Change of habit cannot alter Nature. 乌鸦非常羡慕天鹅洁白的羽毛。他猜想天鹅一定是经常洗澡，羽毛才变得如此洁白无 瑕。于是，他毅然离开了他赖以生存的祭坛，来到江湖边。他天天洗刷自己的羽毛，不但一 点都没洗白，反而因缺少食物饥饿而死。 这故事是说，人的本性不会随着生活方式的改变而改变。 The Goat and the Goatherd 山羊与牧羊人 A GOATHERD had sought to bring back a stray goat to his flock. He whistled and sounded his horn in vain; the straggler paid no attention to the summons. At last the Goatherd threw a stone, and breaking its horn, begged the Goat not to tell his master. The Goat replied, "Why, you silly fellow, the horn will speak though I be silent." Do not attempt to hide things which cannot be hid. 很多山羊被牧羊人赶到羊圈里。有一只山羊不知在吃什么好东西，单独落在后面。牧羊 人拿起一块石头扔了过去，正巧打断了山羊的一只角。牧羊人吓得请求山羊不要告诉主人， 山羊说：“即使我不说，又怎能隐瞒下去呢？我的角已断了，这是十分明显的事实。” 这故事说明，明显的罪状是无法隐瞒的。 The Miser守财奴 A MISER sold all that he had and bought a lump of gold, which he buried in a hole in the ground by the side of an old wall and went to look at daily. One of his workmen observed his frequent visits to the spot and decided to watch his movements. He soon discovered the secret of the hidden treasure, and digging down, came to the lump of gold, and stole it. The Miser, on his next visit, found the hole empty and began to tear his hair and to make loud lamentations. A neighbor, seeing him overcome with grief and learning the cause, said, "Pray do not grieve so; but go and take a stone, and place it in the hole, and fancy that the gold is still lying there. It will do you quite the same service; for when the gold was there, you had it not, as you did not make the slightest use of it." 有个守财奴变卖了他所有的家产，换回了金块，并秘密地埋在一个地方。他每天走去看 看他的宝藏。有个在附近放羊的牧人留心观察，知道了真情，趁他走后，挖出金块拿走了。 守财奴再来时，发现洞中的金块没有了，便捶胸痛哭。有个人见他如此悲痛，问明原因后， 说道：“喂，朋友，别再难过了，那块金子虽是你买来的，但并不是你真正拥有的。去拿一 块石头来，代替金块放在洞里，只要你心里想着那是块金子，你就会很高兴。这样与你拥有 真正的金块效果没什么不同。依我之见，你拥有那金块时，也从没用过。” 这故事说明，一切财物如不使用等于没有。 The Wolf and the Lamb 狼与小羊 WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolf's right to eat him. He thus addressed him:"Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me." "Indeed," bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, "I was not then born." Then said the Wolf , "You feed in my pasture." "No, good sir," replied the Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass." Again said the Wolf, "You drink of my well." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother's milk is both food and drink to me." Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, "Well! I won't remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations." The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny. 一只小羊在河边喝水，狼见到后，便想找一个名正言顺的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上游，恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答说，他仅仅站在河边喝水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水搅浑。狼见此计不成，又说道：“我父亲去年被你骂过。”小羊说，那时他还没有出生。狼对他说：“不管你怎样辩解，反正我不会放过 你。” 这说明，对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的。 The Bat and the Weasels蝙蝠与黄鼠狼 A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. 蝙蝠掉落在地上，被黄鼠狼叼去，他请求饶命。黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他，自己生来痛恨鸟类。蝙蝠说他是老鼠，不是鸟，便被放了。后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来，被另一只黄鼠狼叼住，他再三请求不要吃他。这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类。蝙蝠改口说自己是鸟类，并非老 鼠，又被放了。这样，蝙蝠两次改变了自己的名字，终于死里逃生。 这故事说明，我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险。 The Ass and the Grasshopper 驴子与蚱蜢 AN ASS having heard some Grasshoppers chirping, was highly enchanted; and, desiring to possess the same charms of melody, demanded what sort of food they lived on to give them such beautiful voices. They replied, "The dew." The Ass resolved that he would live only upon dew, and in a short time died of hunger. 驴子听见蚱蜢唱歌，被美妙动听的歌声所打动，自己也想能发出同样悦耳动听的声音，便 羡慕地问他们吃些什么，才能发出如此美妙的声音来。蚱蜢答道：“吃露水。”驴子便也只吃露水，没多久就饿死了。 这个故事告诉人们不要企望非份之物。 The Lion and the Mouse 狮子与报恩的老鼠 A LION was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face. Rising up angrily, he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated, saying: "If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to repay your kindness." The Lion laughed and let him go. It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by some hunters, who bound him by strong ropes to the ground. The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came and gnawed the rope with his teeth and set him free, exclaiming: "You ridiculed the idea of my ever being able to help you, expecting to receive from me any repayment of your favor; now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to con benefits on a Lion." 狮子睡着了，有只老鼠跳到了他身上。狮子猛然站起来，把他抓住，准备吃掉。老鼠请求饶命，并说如果保住性命，必将报恩，狮子轻蔑地笑了笑，便把他放走了。不久，狮子真的被老鼠救了性命。原来狮子被一个猎人抓获，并用绳索把他捆在一棵树上。老鼠听到了他 的哀嚎，走过去咬断绳索，放走了狮子，并说： “你当时嘲笑我，不相信能得到我的报答， 现在可清楚了，老鼠也能报恩。” 这故事说明，时运交替变更，强者也会有需要弱者的时候。 Fox and cock One morning a fox sees a cock.He think,"This is my breakfast.'' He comes up to the cock and says,"I know you can sing very well.Can you sing for me?''The cock is glad.He closes his eyes and begins to sing.The fox sees that and caches him in his mouth and carries him away. The people in the field see the fox.They cry,"Look,look!The fox is carrying the cock away.''The cock says to the fox,"Mr Fox,do you understand?The people say you are carrying their cock away.Tell them it is yours.Not theirs.'' The fox opens his mouth and says,"The cock is mine,not yours.''Just then the cock runs away from the fox and flies into the tree. 狐狸和公鸡 一天早上，一只狐狸看到了一只公鸡。他想：这是我的早餐。 他朝公鸡走来，对他说：“我知道，你能唱得非常好听，你能唱给我听么？濑户早妃”公鸡很高兴。他闭上眼睛开始唱歌。狐狸看到这些抓住它放到自己的嘴里走了。 在田地里的人们看到了狐狸。大喊大叫：“看，看！狐狸抓住公鸡逃走了。”公鸡对狐狸说：“狐狸先生，你能理解么？人们认为你叼走了公鸡。告诉他们这是你的，不是他们的。” 狐狸张开她的嘴说：“公鸡是我的，不是你们的。”就在那时，。公鸡跑到了树底下。

。MIDI是Musical Instrument Interface的缩写，直接翻译过来的意思就是乐器数字化接口，可以把MIDI理解成是一种协议、一种标准、或是一种技术，但不要把它看作是某个硬件设备。当然硬件也是MIDI的媒体。还是先从它的硬件将讲起吧，MIDI不是首先出现在计算机里面的，它是由电子乐器生产厂家为了不同型号的电子乐器的“交流”而产生的，由于它采用的是数字化技术，当然自然而然的很容易的与计算机挂上了关系。所以我们要讲MIDI乐器的接口，有三种，MIDI OUT、MIDI IN、MIDI THRU。这些可以在你家里的MIDI乐器或带有MIDI的电子琴（现在的很多电子琴上都有MIDI接口）上找到的。MIDI OUT是将乐器中的数据（MIDI消息）向外发送；MIDI IN就是接收数据啦；至于MIDI THRU嘛，是将收到的数据再传给另一个MIDI乐器或设备，可以说是若干个乐器连接的接口。可以这样说，MIDI所描述的是将MIDI乐器弹奏出的音变成01010一样的数据输出，也可以将计算机中的软件将要表示的音变成01010的二进制数据通过声卡输出，或者接收一些01010的数据进行处理。以下对这个问题谈一谈。音乐是一个很复杂的东西，如果它很简单，那么它可能就不美妙了。用人的方式，比如用五线谱来描述就已经让人望尘莫及了，何况把它变成了一些数字信号呢。然而，就有那么一帮傻子对数字感兴趣，就是可以让你用方便的工具很容易的把复杂的音乐描述出来，中国的傻子们还不够努力，在我所见到的中文MIDI制作软件还没有一个稍微称得上专业式的，也没有真正傻瓜式的。其实傻子也不好当，你既要精通音乐，又要有很好的软件开发经验，要深入了解MIDI。言归正传，看看音乐家是如何描述音乐的吧。音乐家在弹钢琴的时候，当他按下琴键的时候发出声音，松下琴键的时候停止这个音，这个音的高低是可以用数字表示的，按下与送开琴键可以用一个标志来表示，当然还有颤音、滑音、这个音的强度、这个音在我的什么位置（是靠近我的左耳还是右耳发音）等等一系列复杂的信息都是可以用数字来表示的，至于具体发音是由音源来处理了，它可以固化在声卡里（看你的声卡怎么样了），这还不是最复杂的地方，当几种乐器同时发音的时候，我们就要有处理的方法，这就有通道(Channel)的概念了，在一个通道里可以用一种乐器，在另一个通道可以用另一种乐器，将两个通道同步演奏，你就可以听到两种乐器的演奏了，在一个通道内部的一个乐器可以同时发几个音，组成一个和弦很容易的了。通常一个标准的MIDI有16个通道，GM标准里的第10通道是专为打击乐设定的。假如你现在对我所说的不太明白，可以从网上下载一个制作MIDI的工具，如果你识谱的话，可以将一个现成的MIDI文件打开，调换一下乐器或调调别的什么数据听听看，说不定你能找到一点做音乐的感觉，就好象用Photoshop修饰自己的相片一样有趣。