初中英语介词

一、介词按其构成可分为： 1. 简单介词 at, in, on, to, since, until等。如： He's worked there since 1998. 2. 复合介词 into, onto, out of等。如： She is out of school. 她毕业了。 3. 二重介词 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in等。如： I'm from out of town. 我是从城外来的。 4. 短语介词 because of, instead of, in spite of等。如： I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨，而是因为我累了。 二、介词的作用： 1. 表示地点： after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under等。如： Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。 They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。 2. 表示时间： about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until等。如： After class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。 A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一场大雨下了整整三天。 The accident happened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。 3. 表示动作： at, across, around, on, over, under等。如： The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运行。 The car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。 4. 表示比较： as, like, above, over, with等。如： She was something like her sister. 她有几份像她的妹妹。 Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英语相比，汉语难得多。 5. 表示原因： about, for, from, with等。如： Don't worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。 Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能来。 He was angry with what I did. 他对我所做的很气愤。 6. 表示条件： to, with, without等。如： Without your advice, he would have failed. 没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。 7. 表示手段、方式： as, by, in, with等。如： He behaved as a drunkard. 他的举止如同醉汉一样。 Learn the new words by heart.记住这些生词。 We see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看。 8. 表示距离、数量： from, in, within等。如： My house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里。 They were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。 9. 表示目的： as, for等。如： I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。 It's time for class. 到上课的时间了。 10. 表示让步： for, with等。如： For all his effort, he didn't succeed. 虽然他做了一番努力，仍不能成功。 With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，但他并不快乐。 for还可以引导插入语，例如： I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反对这个提议以上希望对你有帮助，是几乎所有介词的用法了 by的用法（1）表示在……旁，如by the fire 在炉火旁。（2）用于被动语态，表示“被”，如It is planted by Tom . （3）到……为止，在……以前，如We can get the books by Monday . （4）依照，依据，如By your theory , ……，按你的理论，……（5）表示方法，手段，by sea乘船，by bus（6）由于，因……，I”d know you by your laugh . （7）表示把，握的部位，She pulled me by the sleeve . 她抓住我的衣袖。in的用法：in是介词，介词后面必须接名词，代词或者动名词，即doing。 这是介词的一个特点，当介词in单独使用时，或者与其它动词构成固定搭配时，都不能脱离其作为介词的特点。in 常用意思：在..., 在...之内，从事于..., 按照..., 穿着...。 He was born in 1992. 他生于1992年。 I could finish the program in two weeks.我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。 He spend less time in reading.他读书时间很少。 The man in black jacket is our teacher.穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。in是介词，介词后面必须接名词，代词或者动名词，即doing。 这是介词的一个特点，当介词in单独使用时，或者与其它动词构成固定搭配时，都不能脱离其作为介词的特点。in 常用意思：在..., 在...之内，从事于..., 按照..., 穿着...。 He was born in 1992. 他生于1992年。 I could finish the program in two weeks.我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。 He spend less time in reading.他读书时间很少。 The man in black jacket is our teacher.穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。 一些与介词in的固定搭配 表示时间in 1999, in 20 century,表示地点in a car, in a queue, 表示状态in charge(看管), in church, in class,to的用法一：表示相对，针对 be strange (common, new, familiar) to二：表示对比，比较1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior The quarrel happened prior to my arrival. 2:一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous A is similar to B in many ways. 3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory 4:to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如: World is usually compared to a stage

介词at的用法归纳

1）简单介词：about, across, after, against, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, but, by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。2）合成介词：inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within3）短语介词：according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, owing to, up to, with reguard to4）分词介词：considering, reguarding, including, concerning2.从意思上考虑，介词可分为下面三类：1）引导时间短语的介词：at, on, in, during, before, after, over, from, following, by, till, until, towards, for, throughout, upon, since, pending, all through, prior to2) 引导地点状语的介词：in, at, across, to, down, under, near, between, over, from, into, through, onto, off, outside, out of, inside, within, beside, behind, below, among, beyond, against, around, before, up, ahead of, via, in front of, under, along, past, opposite, above, next to3) 引导其他短语的介词：by, with, about, except, like, of, according to, instead of, without, in, due to, because of, along with, as for, in spite of, on account of owing to, on behalf of, against, apart from, for, failing, plus, including, in regard to, with regard to偶尔有一些不常用。。。

早、午、晚要用in，例：in the morning 在早上at黎明、午、夜、点与分，例: at noon 在中午以上短语都不用冠词at six o'clock 在6点钟at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半at half past eleven 在11点半at nine fifteen 在9点15分at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分也可以写成seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)five minutes after two 2点过5分at a quarter to two 1点45分at the weekend 在周末年、月、年月、季节、周即在“来年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某日则用on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用in。例；in 1986 在1986年in 1927 在1927年in April 在四月in December 1986 1986年12月in spring 在春季in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in，即阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。例：Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛．以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女in uniform 穿着制服将来时态in...以后例: Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)after... (从过去开始)小处at大处in

1）简单介词：about,across,after,against,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beside,but,by,down,during,for,from,in,of,on,over,near,round,since,to,under,up,with等等.2）合成介词：inside,into,outside,throughout,upon,without,within3）短语介词：according to,along with,apart from,because of,in front of,in spite of,instead of,owing to,up to,with reguard to4）分词介词：considering,reguarding,including,concerning2.从意思上考虑,介词可分为下面三类：1）引导时间短语的介词：at,on,in,during,before,after,over,from,following,by,till,until,towards,for,throughout,upon,since,pending,all through,prior to2) 引导地点状语的介词：in,at,across,to,down,under,near,between,over,from,into,through,onto,off,outside,out of,inside,within,beside,behind,below,among,beyond,against,around,before,up,ahead of,via,in front of,under,along,past,opposite,above,next to3) 引导其他短语的介词：by,with,about,except,like,of,according to,instead of,without,in,due to,because of,along with,as for,in spite of,on account of owing to,on behalf of,against,apart from,for,failing,plus,including,in regard to,with regard to

1.表示地点位置的介词1)at ,in, on, to,forat (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边”in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”.on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”.to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤；或“到……”2)above, over, on 在……上above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对；over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触.on表示某物体上面并与之接触.The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.3)below, under 在……下面under表示在…正下方below表示在……下,不一定在正下方There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面in front of…意思是“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）.There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉.)in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）.There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我们的教室前边有一块黑板.Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)5）beside,behindbeside 表示在……旁边behind 表示在……后面编辑本段2.表示时间的介词1)in , on,at 在……时in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等.如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等.on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚.如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等.at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等.如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等.注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词.如：We meet every day.2)in, after 在……之后“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；“after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后.3)from, since 自从……from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久；since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用.since表示"自（某具体时间）以来",常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语.since liberation（1980）自从解放（1980年）以来 They have been close friends since childhood．他们从小就是好朋友. （1）since the war是指"自从战争结束以来",若指"自从战争开始以来",须说"sincethe beginning of the war".