成都蜀道装饰

主语从句 （一般句首，it作形式主语），表语从句（系动词后），宾语从句（介词 动词后，it作形式宾语）同位语从句（idea，suggestion，promise等特殊词后，解释说明） -------名词性从句定语从句（名词 代词后 that which who whose 连接） 非限制性定语从句 不能用that状语从句 指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

SSpapergirl

名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 状语从句：时间、地点、方式、让步、条件、比较、方式、原因等。 定语从句：限定性和非限定性。 初中和高中要掌握的多少不一样。 如果你只是初中生，基本掌握宾语/表语从句，定语从句和状语从句就可以了。 宾语从句:连在动词后，比如I do what I want to do.我做我想做的事。 what I want to do 作do的宾语，所以叫宾语从句。 表语从句也是一样的，只不过动词变成系动词(be).例如This is what I want to do.这是我想做的事。 注:这时候去掉从句主句是不完整的，缺少宾语成分。 定语从句:从句是不完整的，缺主语或者宾语，先行词（被修饰的词，也是从句前面的名词）作从句的主语或宾语。 例如I like the film that I saw yersterday.我喜欢我昨天看的那部电影。 从句that代指film, 充当saw的宾语，从句= I saw the film yersterday. 或者 I like the film that is brillant.我喜欢那部电影，它棒极了。 that 作从句的主语，从句=the film is brillant.

汀臭崽儿

定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句

最爱的mango

名词从句、定语从句名词从句 名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如： 宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go. 主语从句：Where he will go is unknown. 表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money. 同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game. 下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的： 1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether 可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导： （1） 引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis). （2） 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job. （3） 引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come. （4） 介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 2． 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。 例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us. 3． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋ that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。 例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us. It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）. 4． 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because. 例如：The reason why he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill. 5． 名词从句中that,what用法比较： 引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the thing(s) that. 例如：It was told in yesterday´s newspaper that what the students had done was praised by the factory. I know that he will study. I know what he will study. That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all. What he works hard at is known to us all. All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he used to be.他和以前大不相同了。 6． where在名词从句中的使用特点： where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如： 主从：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown. 宾从：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives? 表从：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put. 同位从：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays? 7． 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如： I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is. 当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如： What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him. Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather. 名词从句考点分析 1．They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET) A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they 析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do后无宾 语，故也应排除，只有A项既是陈述语序，且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他 们能做些什么”这一意思，故答案为A。 2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching. A.didn’t think;was;that B.thought;was;whether C.didn’t think;was;× D.thought;wasn´t;× 析：观察题目，可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句 的引导语that可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略，据此，可排除C、D 两个选项。若选B项，全句意思不通，而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不 值得教”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定A是正确答案。 3．______ is done cannot be undone. A.How B.That C.What D.Where 析：do一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语（逻辑上是done的宾语）。 而A.How,D.Where均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句 中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选what(＝the thing that),才 能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。 4．Take care ______ you don´t make mistakes in the coming exam. A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that 析：take care是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心 不要…”意思，据此，该题应选D。 5．To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put. A.which B.where C.the place D.that 析：观察题干，was not后是表语，根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where, 将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而C选项缺少词，不可 选。A、D项皆不合用。 6．______ we can´t get seems better than ______ we have. A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what 析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思，即 “A seems better that B”结构，根据what＝the thing(s) that这一特点，将其置 于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为A。 7．______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 析：此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容，在句首表“是否”意时，只能用 Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。 8．______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and better cars. A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that 析：is前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的（东西）”这一意思，只能选what 填入空白;is是表语从句，显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”，故 答案为B。 9．He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday. A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off 析：suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用（should）do的形式，且 该句中test与put off为被动关系，故选B。 10．I don´t think ______ he said something like that is right. A.that B.what C.whether D.when 析：此句think后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语在is之前，它是一个被动句。 因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有选不表意义， 不做成分的that才合适，故选A。 定语从句 一、 定语从句与引导词 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词， 而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。 懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。 1． 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose 作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如： The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语) That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定 语从句中作宾语，可省略) I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语) A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which 或that代物，在定从中作主语) 2． 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。 例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略) The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting. 注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We´ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios. (which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用) They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe. (which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用) 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代 词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping´s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。) He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which) 三、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 1． 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合 1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted him. 2） 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./That´s the only watch that I like most. 3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me. 4） 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need? 5） 先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him? 2． 不用that的场合如下： 1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March . 2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news 3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for. 四、“介词＋关系代词”用法 1． 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配) 2． 介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope) 3． 当关系代词作“动词＋介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如：This is the watch which you´re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on. 五、几个名词后的引导词 1. situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word? 2. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem? 3. “the same＋名词”，“such＋名词”，“as＋名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。 例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying. 定语从句考点分析 1． The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film. A.which;that B.that;× C.×;that D.×;× 析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。 2． It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship. It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship. A.when B.which C.that D.× 析：第一句是强调时间in 1969,强调结构是“It was＋强调部分＋that句”，故应选C。第二句It是表时间的，先行词1969在从句中作状语，故选A。 3． Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born? A.at which B.which C.in which D.at where 析：观察题目，空白处只有填in which或where才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？”这一意思，故答案为C。 4． Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born? A.where B.which C.in which D.at which 析：将此句变为陈述句；This house is ______ Shakespeare was born.显然is后是一表语从句，只有选where(＝the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思，故答案为A。 5． In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help. A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that 析：“介词＋关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配，这道题短语turn to有关，故 应选A。 6． The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim´s gold watch and Della´s hair. A．about which B.of which C.in which D.for which 析：涉及be/feel proud of短语，故答案为B。 7． Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late. A.why B.that C.for which D.what 析：此题易误选A、C，因为先行词是the reason,但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语，所以答案是B。注意what不能引导定语从句。 8． Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain. A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where 析：因为difficult是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句where(＝in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答案为A。 9． We need the same machine ______ in your factory. A.which is being used B.as is being used C.that is being used D.as it is being used 析：根据“the same＋先行词”后跟as引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为B。 10．______ the people,not things ______ are most important. A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who 析：仔细观察分析题目，可知只有C构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其为强调 句的判断是否正确时，只要将“It is (或was)…that”这三个词去掉，剩下部分读 起来正确无误，则证明判断是正确的，反之是错误的。此题如不填“It is…that” 三词，句子是The people,not things are most important.语义完整正确，说明选 C是对的。-------------------------------------------------------想要了解宾语从句,首先要知道英语中宾语有两种,一种是动词后面的宾语,另一种是介词后面的宾语,这样你就会发现哪些从句是宾语从句了.其次要知道宾语从句的引导词以及他们各自的意义和彼此间的区别. 第一种:当从句表达陈述意义时,要用that来引导宾语从句,这时that 还可省略. eg:He said (that) he would visit Beijing the next year. 第二种:当从句表达一般疑问语气时,要用whether 或if 引导.但注意介词后的宾语从句不用if 引导. eg:I wonder if/whether I can sit here. They are talking about whether they will have a picnic this weekend. 第三种:当从句表达一种特殊疑问语气时要用特殊疑问词(但在这里叫作连接代词或副词)引导. Could you tell me where I can buy such a pen. 第四种:引导词表示强调意义,这样的词有whatever,whichever ,whoever 等.这时不表示疑问.这种情况高中常出现. eg:I will believe whatever you said. 最后要注意从句要用陈述语序,既主语在前,谓语在后.

喝汽水的小蜗牛

一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film.It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is ＋名词＋从句It is a fact that ... 事实是...It is an honor that ...非常荣幸It is common knowledge that ...是常识(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句It is natural that... 很自然...It is strange that... 奇怪的是...(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句It seems that... 似乎...It happened that... 碰巧...(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句It is reported that... 据报道...It has been proved that... 已证实...3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2) It is said , (reported) ...结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)(3) It happens..., It occurs... 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)(4) It doesn't matter how/whether ...结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn't matter. (wrong)(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：1) What you said yesterday is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation.二．宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：I heard that be joined the army.(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：1) She did not know what had happened.2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语例如：I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake.That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. It 可以作为形式宾语It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：We heard it that she would get married next month..5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：I admire their winning the match. (right)I admire that they won the match. (wrong)6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于"动词＋间接宾语＋that从句"结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I don't think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）三．表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是"主语＋连系动词＋表语从句"。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that... 和It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can't get the support of the people3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四．同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

约丶书丶亚

选d解析：此题考查句子逻辑关系和关联词的选择。题干前后分句为因果关系，前果后因，所以选用inthat表示“原因”，选项a和b一般用来引导定语从句，而sothat表示前因后果。

zhijuan0628

从句，即从属子句，是复句中具有分属地位的分句，它是一种绝大部分语言都有的语法结构。在现代汉语的语法中，“从句”不作为专业术语被使用。在现代英语的语法中，从句指复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、whether、which等引导词（Connective）引导的非主句部分。 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies. It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship. 5.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 *限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. 1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 That is all that I've heard from him. He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. 5.定语从句 *非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。 Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism. *“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句 “介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。 This is the computer on which he spent all his savings It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. *as引导的定语从句 as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。 These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems) As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语) 一、概说 状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点，也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别，以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。 二、时间状语从句 1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多，常见的有before,after,when,while,as,since,till,until,assoonas等。 2.表示“当…时候”的while,when,as的用法区别是：while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时，只能用when；当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时，只能用as。另外，用于此义的as所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词，不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是B而不能是A： “I’mgoingtothepostoffice.”“_____you’rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?” A.As B.While C.Because D.If 3.until在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词，表示相应动作结束的时间；在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到…才”。如： Hewaiteduntilshewasabouttoleave.他等着一直到她准备离开。 Ididnotbegintoworktillhehadgone.他走了后我才开始工作。 4.表示“一…就”除用assoonas外，还可用theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,nosooner…than,hardly…when等。如： Icameimmediatelyyoucalled.你一来电话我就来了。 Hardlyhadshearrivedwhenitbegantosnow.她刚到就下起雪来了。 ThemomentIhavefinishedI'llgiveyouacall.我一干完就给你打电话。 5.everytime,eachtime,(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime,bythetime,thefirsttime,anytime等以time结尾的词语也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。如： Nexttimeyoucomein,pleaseclosethedoor.下次你进来，请关门。 Hedidn’ttellmeanythingthelasttimeIsawhim.上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。 BythetimeIgothome,shehadalreadygonetobed.我到家时她已睡觉了。 三、条件状语从句 1.引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if,unless,as[so]longas等。如： Don’tcomeunlessItelephone.除非我打电话，否则你别来。 Ifyouwatchcarefullyyouwillseehowtodoit.如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。 Aslongasyoudoyourbest,we’llbehappy.只要你尽力，我们就满意了。 2.incase也可引导条件状语从句，其意为“如果”、“万一”。如： IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.如果我忘了，请提醒我。 四、让步状语从句 1.引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although,though,however(=nomatterhow),evenif(即使),whether…or(不论…还是)等连词。如： Thespeechisgood,thoughitcouldbebetter.这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。 Hewentouteventhoughitwasraining.尽管下雨，他还是出去了。 2.as也可引导让步状语从句，但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前，若提前的是单数可数名词，要省略a/an。如： Teacherasheis,hecan’tknoweverything.虽然是老师，他也不可能什么都懂。 3.连词while有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。如： Whilewedon’tagreewecontinuetobefriends.尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。 4.whatever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever等引导让步状语从句。如： Don’tloseheartwhateveryoudo.不管你做什么，都不要灰心。 Whoeveryouare,youcan’tpassthisway.不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。 注：表示“虽然”的though,although不可与but连用，但可与yet,still连用。 五、原因状语从句 1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that)等： Theycan’thavegoneoutbecausethelight’son.他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 Sinceyouaregoing,Iwillgo.既然你去，我也去。 Nowthatwearealone,wecanspeakfreely.现在我们单独在一起，可以随便谈了。 2.除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外，when有时也可引导原因状语从句，其意“既然”。如： Ican’ttellyouwhenyouwon'tlisten.既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。 3.有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点： (1)as与since,nowthat一样表示双方都知道的原因，通常位于主句前，且均不可用于强调结构被强调。 (2)当表示直接的因果关系，回答why时，或有only,just,all,partly,not,but等副词修饰时，或用在强调结构中都只能用because。 (3)for有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，对前一分句加以解释或推断。 (4)不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so连用。 六、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where(在…的地方),wherever(无论什么地方),everywhere(每个…地方),anywhere(任何…地方)。如： I’mnotlivingwhereIwas.我不在原处住了。 Youcan’tcampwhere[wherever,anywhere]youlikethesedays.如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。 EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。 2.有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多，误认为考试不会涉及，但恰恰相反，地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点。请看以下考题： (1)Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_____youhaveanyquestions. A.atwhich B.atwhere C.theplacewhere D.where (2)Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup_____therehadoncebeenatheatre. A.that B.where C.which D.when (3)Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings_____youcanfindthemagain. A.when B.where C.then D.there (4)Shefoundhercalculator______shelostit. A.where B.when C.inwhich D.that 以上四题均选where，其意为“在…的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。 七、目的状语从句 1.引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfear等。如： IhiredaboatsothatIcouldgofishing.我租了一条船去钓鱼。 Takeyourcoatincaseitrains(shouldrain).带着雨衣以防下雨。 Hestudiedhardinorderthathecouldpasstheexam.他努力学习，是为了能通过考试。 2.引导目的状语从句的sothat有时可省so或that，即单独用so或that来引导目的状语从句。如： Checkcarefully,soanymistakewillbecaught.仔细检查，以便任何错误都可检查出。 BringitcloserthatImightseeitbetter.拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。 八、结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有sothat,so…that,such…that等。如： Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tspeak.他气得话都说不出来。 Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.他关窗子用力很大，结果玻璃震破了。 注：so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略。

山寨天后

英语中的状语从句有：时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，比较状语从句~手工翻译，尊重劳动，欢迎提问，感谢采纳！~

亲爱的小慧慧

没有给句子呀。。。

大筷子93

高中英语主要要掌握三大从句。分别是：1、定语从句（形容词从句）2、名词词从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）3、状语从句（副词性从句，包括时间，地点，结果，目的，原因等）一、定语从句：定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致。（1）,who,whom,that这些词代替指人，“whom”作宾语指人，“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。（2），Which用来指人或物(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略）（3），whose“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）2、关系代词引导的定语从句（1），关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是thereason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。（2），关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。（3），关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。3、非限制性定语从句它起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。二、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1、连词（5个）：that（宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2、连接代词（9个）：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever3、连接副词（7个）：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however三、状语从句状语从句（AdverbialClause）状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。状语从句细分的话，共包括九种：1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.目的状语从句6.让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句

温柔一刀半

一、词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 Who which that 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2.关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的'，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子，汉语中常用的表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用： 1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

早秋2013

定语从句是高中英语中比较庞杂的知识体系，不知你在哪里 上海黄浦西藏南路上有一家辅导机构里面有免费派送定语从句的思维导图的，可以去哪里领取一下

神级的男子

英语三大从句：宾语从句（在句子中起宾语作用的从句）、定语从句（在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句）、以及状语从句（在复合句中由从句表示的状语）。 宾语从句 一、定义 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二、连接词 That、Whether/if、What、Where。 三、时态 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 定语从句 一、定义 在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。 二、先行词 先行词指人 who /that 先行词指物 which/ that 三、关系代词 关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词

是薇一的我

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why主语从句

xxs的吃喝玩乐

大学英语作文怎么写，以下这些句型很重要，学好这些句型，以后你的作文生涯就一帆风顺了! 大学英语作文写作常用的47种高级句型 1)主语+ be closely related to …. (与……息息相关)， 例如：Taking exercise is closely related to health.做运动与健康息息相关。 2) 主语+ get into the habit of + V-ing = make it a rule to + V (养成……的习惯)，例如：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。 Owing to/Thanks to sth… (因为……)，例如：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。 3)What a + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + be!= How +形容词+ a +名词+ be!(多么……!)，例如： What an important thing it is to keep our promise!= How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事! 4)主语 + do good/ harm to sth.. (对……有益/有害)，例如：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。 5)主语 + have a great influence on sth. (对……有很大的影响)，例如：Smoking has a great influence on our health.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。 6) nothing can prevent us from doing…. (没有事情能够阻挡我们做……), 例如：All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.这显示了没有事情能够阻挡我们实现目标。 7) Upon / On doing…, …. (一……就…….) ，例如：Upon / On hearing of the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn’t say a word. 一听到这个出乎意料的消息，他惊讶到说不出话来。 注意：此句型一般可以改为如下复合句句型，例如：As soon as he heard of the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he …. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚来，她就开始抱怨。 No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain. 他刚来，就下雨了。 8) would rather do…than do…(宁愿……而不……), 例如：I would rather walk home than take a crowded bus. 我宁愿步行回家也不愿做拥挤的公交车。 注意：此句型可以改为prefer to do…rather than do…句型，例如： I prefer to stay at home rather than see the awful film with him. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿意和他去看那部恐怖电影。 9) only + 状语， 主句部分倒装 例如：Only then could the work of reconstruction begin. 直到那时，重建工作才开始。 10) be worth doing (值得做)，例如：The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。 11) 主语+ cannot emphasize the importance of … too much.(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)例如：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 12)There is no need for sb to do sth.\ for sth.(某人没有必要做……)，例如：There is no need for you to bring more food. 不需你拿来更多的食物了。 13)By +doing…，主语can …. (借着……，……能够……)，例如：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。 14) … enable + sb.+ to + do…. (……使……能够……)，例如：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 15) On no account can we + do…. (我们绝对不能……)，例如：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 16) What will happen to sb.? (某人将会怎样?), 例如：What will happen to the orphan? 那个孤儿将会怎样? 17)For the past + 时间，主语 + 现在完成式…. (过去……年来，……一直……)例如： For the past two years，I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。 18)It pays to + do….(……是值得的。)例如：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。 19)主语+ be based on….(以……为基础)，例如：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 20)主语 + do one’s best to do….(尽全力去……)，例如：We should do our best to achieve our goal in life.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标 21)Owing to/Thanks to sth, …. (因为……)，例如：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.因为他的'鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。 以下为复合句高级句型： 22)it took him a year to do….( 他用了1年的时间来做……), 例如：As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book.到目前为止我们所知道的是，他用了1年的时间来写这本书。It took them a long time to realize they had made a mistake. 过了很久，他们才意识到犯错了。 23)spent as much time as he could doing sth.(花尽可能的时间做某事)，例如：He spent as much time as he could remembering new words. 他花了尽可能多时间记新单词。 24)Since + 主语 + 过去式，主语 + 现在完成式，例如：Since he went to senior high school， he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。 25)An advantage of… is that + 句子 (……的优点是……)，例如：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 26) It was not until recently that….( 直到最近, ……) ，例如：It was not until recently that the problem was solved. 直到最近这个问题才被解决。 27) We will be successful as long as we…. (只要我们……，我们就会成功的) ，例如： We will be successful as long as we insist on working hard.只要我们坚持努力工作，我们会成功的。 28) No matter + wh-从句，…, 例如：No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it.不管英语有多么难，你都应该尽你最大的努力来学它。No matter what he asks you to do, please refuse him. 不管他让你做什么，请拒绝他。注意：此句型一般可以改为疑问词+ever引导的从句，+主句，例如：Whatever he asks you to do, please refuse him. 29)It’s useless/ no good / no use doing sth. (做……是没有用的) , 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 30)It’s + a shame / nice/ kind + to do (做.....真惭愧/好)，例如：It’s a shame to lose the match. 输了比赛，真惭愧!It’s nice of you to tell me the truth. 你太好了，告诉我真相。It’s your turn to look after the young trees. 该你照顾这些小树了。 31)It is obvious/clear that + 从句 (…是明显的)，例如：It is obvious that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 注意：此句型中it是形式主语，其后谓语可以有不同变化。例如： It’s certain that he will win the election. 他肯定会赢得选举。 It is true that we must make our greater efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed countries.是真的，我们要作出更大的努力，不然/否则，我们不能赶上发达国家。 It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day.很难想象爱迪生每天是怎样工作20小时的。 It’s hard to say whether the plan is practical.这个计划是否实际很难说。 It is a common saying that where there is a will ,there is a way.俗话说，有志者，事竟成。 It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population. 一定要指出的是国家基本政策之一是在提高人口质量的同时控制人口增长。 It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work. 一定要记住的是成功的秘密是努力的工作。 It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we cannot overcome.从这里可看出，世上没有克服不了的困难。 It has been proved that his theory is right.已经证明，他的理论是对的。 32)主语+ is + the +形容词最高级+名词+(that)+主语+ have ever + seen(known / heard / had / read,etc)例如：Liu Yifei is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen in my life. 刘亦菲是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Liu is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 刘老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。 注意，比较级也可以用来表达最高级的意思， 例如：I have never seen a more beautiful girl than Liu Yifei in my life. 在我生活中我从来没见过比刘亦菲更美的女孩。Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 33)There is no denying that + S + V….(不可否认的……)，例如：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. 不可否认的事实是，新的管理方法已经极大提高了产量。 34)It is universally acknowledged that +从句(全世界都知道……)，例如：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 注意，全世界都知道还可以改为以下句型：As is known to us/As we all know, …. (众所周知，……)。例如：As is known to us/As we all know, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。 35)There is no doubt that +从句(毫无疑问的……)，例如：There is no doubt that he came late. 毫无疑问，他来晚了。There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.毫无疑问，你有困难时，会得到别人的帮助。 36)(It is) No wonder that.... (难怪……)，例如：No wonder that he fell asleep in class. 难怪他在课堂上睡着了。 37)So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 从句 (如此……以致于……)，例如：So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 38)形容词+ as +主语+ be，主语+ 谓语(虽然……)，例如：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 39)The + 比较级 +主语+谓语， the +比较级+主语+谓语(愈……愈……)，例如：The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。The more books we read, the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。The more, the better. 越多越好。 40)It is time + 主语 + 过去式 (该是……的时候了)例如：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 注意：此句型可以转化为简单句句型：It is time for sth./for sb to do….例如： It is time for lunch. 该吃午饭了。 It is time they were taught a lesson. 他们该接受教训了 41)To be frank/ To tell the truth, …. (老实说, ……) , 例如: To be frank/ To tell the truth, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice.老实说，不论你喜不喜欢，你别无选择。 42)It will (not) + 时间段 + before…(……需要很长时间), 例如：It will be a long time before everything returns to normal. 一切恢复正常需要很长时间。 43) I think / feel/ find it + important/ our duty + to do… (我发觉做……重要/是我的责任),例如：I feel it our duty to help the old. 我觉得帮助老人是我们的职责。 44)Those who…. (……的人……)，例如：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 注意：此句型还可以转化为one/a person who…, 例如： As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.俗话说，世上无难事，只怕有心人。In a certain sense, a successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved.在某种情况下，一个成功的科学家就是一个绝不满足于自己已取得的成就的人。 45)It is/ was ….that… (强调句型), 例如：It was on the desk that you put your book. 你把书放桌子上了。It was the doctor that inquired what had happened. 医生询问了发生的事情。 46)I don’t think / feel/ suppose that… (否定前移)，例如： I don’t think that we shall finish it on time. 我认为我们不能按时完成(工作)。 47)The reason why + 从句 is that + 从句 (……的原因是……)，例如： The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 The reason why the river is polluted is that the factory has poured much waste into it.这条河受污染的原因是那家工厂向里倾到了很多垃圾。 注意：表示原因还可用以下句型。请比较：That is the reason why …. (那就是……的原因)，例如：Summer is very hot. That is the reason why I don’t like it.夏天很热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 用于论证和说明： (1) We may cite / quote / take a single / common example to illustrate… (2) A recent study indicates / suggests / shows that… (3) According to the statistics provided by …, it can be seen that… (4) There is a good / sufficient evidence to show that… (5) This brings out / set forth the important fact that … (6) No one can ignore / overlook the fact that… (7) Let's take an example / some examples to illustrate… (8) I can think of no better illustration of the idea / view than the fact that… (9) It is clear / well-known that … (10) Our society abounds with the examples of … 用于解释和阐述性的议论文： (1) Among the most convincing reasons given by people for… one should be mentioned. (2) One may think of the trend as result of … (3) The change in … largely results from the fact that… (4) There are several causes for this significant growth in … First … Second, … Finally… (5) A number of factors could account for the development in… (6) What are / do …? For one thing… For another … And the primary reason is … (7) The reasons for … are complicated, and probably they are found in the fact… (8) It is no simple task to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon, which involves many factors. (9) Different people look at … in different ways. (10) Sth… for a number of reasons. First of all… Secondly … Finally… 用于描写图表和数据： (1) In 1995, it increased / rose from 7 to 15 percent of the total. (2) By comparison with 1988, it decreased / fell from 15 to 7 percent. (3) … increased / decreased by 10 percent over the last year. (4) The figure / percentage has nearly doubled / tripled as against that of last year. (5) It has increased / decreased almost 2 and half times, compared with… (6) It accounts for 25 percent of the total. (7) … is less than / more than 20 percent of the total number of … (8) The rate was 20 per thousand, more than one fourth of … 用于比较性和驳斥性的议论： (1) The advantages of A are much greater than B. (2) Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too. (3) Although A enjoys considerable advantages over … , it cannot compete with B in …. (4) Although everyone believes that …. I wonder whether the argument bears much analysis. (5) Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe… (6) There is in fact no reason for us to believe that… (7) Although it is commonly held that …, it is unlikely to be true that … (8) There is an element of truth in these statements, but they ignore a deeper and more important fact that… (9) What these people fail to consider is that … (10) In all the discussion a debate over… one important fact is generally overlooked.

天天要开心哦

从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。主语从句用作主语，如：：That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。宾语从句用作宾语。如：Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语，如：My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。（that从句用于解释说明the fact）定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词，如：When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if 引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if +状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。如：I am a teacher. 其中，I 是主语，am是谓语，a teacher 是表语。He likes playing football very mucy. 其中，he是主语，likes是谓语，playing football是宾语，very much是状语。名词从句、定语从句名词从句名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go.主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：（1） 引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).（2） 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.（3） 引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.（4） 介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2． 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one�0�7s life.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.4． 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.例如：The reason why he didn�0�7t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.5． 名词从句中that,what用法比较：引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝thething(s) that.例如：It was told in yesterday�0�7s newspaper that what the students had done was praisedby the factory.I know that he will study.I know what he will study.That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.What he works hard at is known to us all.All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)heused to be.他和以前大不相同了。6． where在名词从句中的使用特点：where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如：主从：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.宾从：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?表从：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.同位从：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays?7． 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：What�0�7s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.名词从句考点分析1．They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET)A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do后无宾语，故也应排除，只有A项既是陈述语序，且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他们能做些什么”这一意思，故答案为A。2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.A.didn’t think;was;that B.thought;was;whetherC.didn’t think;was;× D.thought;wasn�0�7t;×析：观察题目，可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句的引导语that可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略，据此，可排除C、D两个选项。若选B项，全句意思不通，而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不值得教”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定A是正确答案。3．______ is done cannot be undone.A.How B.That C.What D.Where析：do一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语（逻辑上是done的宾语）。而A.How,D.Where均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选what(＝the thing that),才能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。4．Take care ______ you don�0�7t make mistakes in the coming exam.A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that析：take care是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心不要…”意思，据此，该题应选D。5．To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put.A.which B.where C.the place D.that析：观察题干，was not后是表语，根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where,将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而C选项缺少词，不可选。A、D项皆不合用。6．______ we can�0�7t get seems better than ______ we have.A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思，即“A seems better that B”结构，根据what＝the thing(s) that这一特点，将其置于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为A。7．______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where析：此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容，在句首表“是否”意时，只能用Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。8．______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and bettercars.A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that析：is前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的（东西）”这一意思，只能选what填入空白;is是表语从句，显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”，故答案为B。9．He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off析：suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用（should）do的形式，且该句中test与put off为被动关系，故选B。10．I don�0�7t think ______ he said something like that is right.A.that B.what C.whether D.when析：此句think后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语在is之前，它是一个被动句。因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有选不表意义，不做成分的that才合适，故选A。定语从句一、 定语从句与引导词定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。1． 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)I�0�7m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which或that代物，在定从中作主语)2． 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We�0�7ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping�0�7s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。)He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)三、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合1． 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attractedhim.2） 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./That�0�7s the only watch that I like most.3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.4）先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?5） 先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?2． 不用that的场合如下：1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the LongMarch .2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for状语从句又可分为时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、行为方式、条件、让步及比较等几种形式

草莓宝宝2006

是不是名词性宾语从句，你可以先找谓语，再确定宾语的位置。宾语一般都是放在谓语后面，那么谓语在哪？“is”！那么在谓语前面的从句，便可以肯定不是宾语从句了！那它是什么从句？插入语？不是，插入语，它不做句子的何种成分,也不和句子的何种成分发生结构关系,同时既不起连接作用,也不表示语气。定语从句？是，是非限定性定语从句，Mr.Smith是先行词，在从句中充当宾语，从句就算被省略，也不会影响句子的意思。

张祝君1

下面就是我给大家带来的高中英语语法知识 总结 ：定语从句，希望能帮助到大家! 高中英语语法知识总结：定语从句 易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用 1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用， 修饰名词或代词 2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。 3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where。 易错点2 关系代词who、whom、whose的误用 对于定语从句关系词的考查，首先要确定从句是什么类型的从句，然后再分析关系词在从句中的成分，最后选择正确的词。要求考生具有一定的 句子 分析能力，和理解能力。如果缺少主宾表，要用that或which，缺少状语用关系副词when，where，why，缺少定语用whose。 易错点3 关系代词that和which的误用 只用which，不能用that的情况 (1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成"介词+关系代词"结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which.如： ☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 如： ☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。 (2) 先行词为"those+表事物的复数名词"时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。如： ☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。 ☞A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。 (3)当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which，而不用that。 易错点4 介词后接关系代词的误用 ●使用"介词+关系代词"要注意以下几点： (一)选用介词的依据： (1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定 短语 )。 (2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。 (3) 根据句子的意思来选择。 (4) 表示"所有"关系或"整体中的一部分"时，通常用介词of。 (二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。 (三)"of which / whom"有时可以用"whose+名词"结构来改写。 (四)当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略);如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。 (五)in that不可以引导定语从句，但可以引导原因状语从句。 二、"介词+关系代词"与关系副词的转化 (1)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词+which来代替关系副词where。 (2) 当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词+which来代替关系副词when。 (3) 当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。 易错点5 定语从句与同位语从句的区别 定语从句与同位语从句的区别： 1. 被修饰的词不同：同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。 2. 从句的作用不同：同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容，而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。 3. 引导词不同：what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句，但可用于引导同位从句。 4. 引导词的作用不同：引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 5. 判定定语从句和同位语从句的 方法 ：由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的，所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。 易错点6 定语从句与强调句型的区别 定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制，关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面，句子中的It有所指;而强调句型是对某部分加强语气，强调语气的连接词只能是that, who，并且句子中的It 没有任何意义;一般比较明显，而有时就难以区别，还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。 它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，就要从语境上来考查。如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的问题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的问题，那么意思是：他想要的是一本书。显然，句子是强调句型。 易错点7 关系代词as和which的区别 关系代词as和which引导定语从句的不同点 1. as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。 2. 在非限制性定语从句中，which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略。 3. which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语;而as作主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be，seem，become等，一般不用其他行为动词。 4. as常用"正如"含义，常用的结构有as we know(众所周知);as often happens(正如常发生的那样);as is often the case(情况常常如此);as we all can see(正如我们看到的);be announced / expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。 5. 非限制性定语从句中，which可指代主句中的某一个单词，as不可以。 6. "介词+关系代词(介宾代物)"中关系代词只能用which。 7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which。 一、关系代词和关系副词基本用法 根据关系词在定语从句中的不同用法，可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词主要有who, whom, which, that, whose等，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词主要有when, where, why等，在定语从句中作状语。具体用法如下： 1.关系代词的用法 当先行词指人时，若它在从句中作主语，则用who;若它在从句作宾语，则用whom或who;若它在从句中作定语，则用whose。如： ☛The man who told me this refused to tell me his name. 告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。 ☛The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about it. 你拿了那个女人的伞，她非常生气。 当先行词指物时，若在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用which;若它在定语从句中作定语用，则用of which或whose。如： ☛I saw something in the paper which might interest you. 我在报上看到一样可能使你感兴趣的东西。 ☛He’s written a book the name of which (whose name) I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我给忘了。 2.关系副词的用法 关系副词主要有when, where, why等，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、在点和原因。when主要放在time, day, years, season, age, occasion等时间的名词后;where主要放在place, city, town, village, house等地点名词后;why则通常只放在reason后。如(www.yygrammar.com)： ☛Wednesday is the day when the shops are not open in the afternoon. 星期三下午商店不开门。 ☛Give me one reason why we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。 要特别注意，activity, case, point, even, situation, job, organization, position等抽象名词后接where引导定语从句的用法(这是近几年高考的一个新 热点 )。如： ☛I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。 ☛Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 ☛The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely. 治疗将会持续到病人可以正常且安全地行走。 ☛If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 二、使用非限制性定语从句的情况： 1. 关系代词指代整个主句时，使用非限制性定语从句。 ☛You did a lot for me, for which I was grateful. 你为我做了许多，对此我很感激。 ☛The Diaoyu Island belongs to China, as is known to us. 众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。 ☛A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。 2. 当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名地名等专有名词时，使用非限制性定语从句。 ☛China, which is my motherland, is developing fast. 中国是我的祖国，正在快速发展。 ☛Eason, who was a pop star, got married last year. 伊森去年结婚了，他是明星。 ☛Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held. 他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在那里举行。 3. 当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属(son，daughter等)时，使用非限制性定语从句。 ☛He has a daughter, who is studying in London. 他有个女儿，现在正在伦敦学习。(只有一个女儿) ☛This is my teacher, who has something to tell you. 这是我的老师，他有一些事情要告诉你。 三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1. 形式不同 限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 2. 功能不同 限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。 ☛People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) ☛His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整) 3. 翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限制性定语从句与主句分开。 ☛He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 ☛I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 4. 含义不同 比较下面的两个句子： ☛I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) ☛I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 5. 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子;另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。 ☛Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) ☛He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) ☛Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) ☛Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她 出国 学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 6. 关系词不同 关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。 四、"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句： ●"介词+关系代词"的用法 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句。如果指"人"，用"介词+whom";如果指"物"，用"介词+which"。 ●"介词+关系代词"结构中介词的选用 1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义;②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。 ☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。 2.表示"整体和部分关系"，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 ☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。 3.有时"介词+where"可以引导定语从句，此时要和"介词+which"引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 ☞His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window) ●在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。 ●"of which / whom"有时可以用"whose+名词"结构来改写。 ●当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略);如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。 五、关系代词只用that而不用 which的情况 1.先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。 ☞All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 2.先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only， the very， the last等修饰时， 关系代词通常只用that， 不用which.如： ☞The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。 ☞This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的 足球 比赛之一。 ☞This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。 3.先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which.如： ☞The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 ☞The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。 4.关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时，通常只用that，不用which.如： ☞He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了。 ☞Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。 5.句中其他位置已出现which，为避免重复，不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如： ☞Which is the car that has overtaken us?超过我们的是哪辆车?

彩色珊瑚

定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。

疯疯丫头315

高中英语语法主语从句与先行解析 高中英语语法主语从句与先行解析 主语从句与先行it 主语从句可以按其引导词的不同分为三类： 第一类，用从属连词that引导的主语从句，例如： That we shall be late is certain. That the driver could not control his car was obvious. 这种结构主要是对that从句的内容进行强调，属正式文体，连词that不可以省略；但是在一般情况下，往往使用先行it结构，即用it作形式主语，而把that从句放到后面，这时，在口语中，连词that有时则可以省略。所以上述两句可以改为： It is certain that we shall be late. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car. 如果整个句子是疑问形式，就只能用先行it结构，例如： Is it true that he would take the risk？ Is it possible that they will come tomorrow？ 常使用先行it结构，用that从句作主语的句子有下列几个句型： 1、It + be + 形容词 + that从句： It is clear that he was telling the truth. It’s probable that we’ll be a little late. 2、It + be + 名词词组 + that从句： It’s a pity that you can’t go with us. 3、It + 及物动词 + 宾语 + that从句： It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was. 4、It + be + 过去分词 + that从句： It is said that he has been there many times. 5、It + seem/happen/appear等不及物动词 + that从句： It seems that he has lost something. 注意： 在上述第1和第2两种句型中，that从句前置与使用先行it，that从句后置在意义上没有什么差异；但使用先行it结构较为常见。 在第3种句型中，that从句前置在语法上是可能的，但实际上并不常见，通常总是使用先行it结构 . 第4种句型实质上是被动结构，由于that从句不可以位于句首作被动句的主语，所以只能使用先行it结构。 第5种句型已经形成了固定的搭配关系，that从句不能前置，只能使用先行it结构，不过，这种结构可以转换为带有不定式的简单句，例如： It happened that I had no money with me that day. → I happened to have no money with me that day. 第二类，用连接代词who、whose、which、what，连接副词when、where、how、why，以及连词whether（或if）引导的主语从句，例如： Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. → It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident. What he did is not yet known. → It is not yet known what he did. Whether it is true remains a problem. → It remains a problem whether / if it is true. 从以上例句可以看出，这类主语从句可以直接放在句首作主语，也可以使用先行it结构，把主语从句放在后面，两种结构可以互换，意义上无差异，但用if 引导主语从句时，只能采取先行it结构，也就是说if不可以引导置于句首的`主语从句。 第三类，用what、whatever、where、wherever、whoever、whichever等代词引导的主语从句，例如： What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone. Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder. 这类从句一般相当于带有定语从句所修饰的名词词组，即在结构上相当于一个名词加上一个定语从句，例如： What he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle. → The thing that he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle. Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished. → Anyone who breaks the law is sure to be punished. 切记，这类主语从句不可以使用先行it结构。 上述第二类主语从句与第三类主语从句尽管在形式上十分相似，但实际上是不同的。第二类结构中用连接代/副词引导的从句系由特殊疑问句转化而来，以whether/if引导的从句系由一般疑问句转化而来，自然含有疑问的意味，例如： When they will have the sports meet is still a question. → When will they have the sports meet？ Who he is doesn’t concern me. → Who is he？ Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference. → Will he join us？ 而第三类结构中的主语从句则没有疑问的意味。 试比较下列各句： ① What caused the accident is a complete mystery. ② What caused the accident was a broken bottle. ③ What she looks like doesn’t matter. ④ What she’d like is a digital watch. 上述各句中尽管都有一个以what引导的主语从句，但其意义不尽相同；第①和③句中的主语从句系由What caused the accident？和What does she look like？转化而来，所以可以改成： It is a complete mystery what caused the accident. It doesn’t matter what she looks like. 第②④句中的主语从句含义分别为The thing that caused the accident和The thing which she’d like，所以不含疑问意味，因此不可以说： It was a broken bottle what caused the accident. It is a digital watch what she’d like. 但是可以说： It was a broken bottle that caused the accident. It is a digital watch that she’d like. 不过，这已不是主语从句，而是强调结构了。