弗兰肯斯坦的英文

Frankenstein

译名弗兰肯斯坦西方文学中的第一部“科学幻想小说”诞生于日内瓦湖畔，出自玛丽・雪莱(Mary Woolstonecraft Shelley)之手。玛丽・雪莱1797年生于伦敦，是一个作家的女儿。她的母亲，Mary Woolstonecraft是一位早期女权主义者。生下女儿后，因产后并发症而死去。她的父亲William Godwin，是一位哲学家。玛丽在一个有着浓郁文学环境的氛围中长大。有人说，当1803年，物理学家卡莱尔(Anthony Carlisle)拜访她的父亲时，她也在场并聆听了卡莱尔所讲述的在新门(Newgate)监狱中死刑犯尸体上进行的电流实验。当她在19岁创作“Frankenstein“-现代普罗米修斯"这个科幻人物时，完全有可能运用了对那次聆听的记忆。玛丽很早就与叛逆的天才浪漫主义诗人沛尔希・毕西・雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelley，后称雪莱)一起离家私奔。在经历了在欧洲的许多狂野逃奔之后，他们在著名诗人拜伦(Lord Byron)日内瓦湖畔的Diodati别墅中找到了一席避难之地。但是这里的天气却不尽人意，蓝色的天空被暴风雨一扫而空。因印度尼西亚的Tambora火山爆发导致了这个夏天世界范围内的大量降雨。这场自然灾害造成了世界范围内大气层的变暗和变冷。为了在这种阴雨连绵的天气中消磨时光，这三位文学爱好者决定轮番朗读德国鬼故事以便缩短漫长的雨天。同时他们也对进化论祖师查尔斯・达尔文和伊拉兹马斯・达尔文(Erasmus Darwin)曾经进行的电力科学实验进行讨论。伊拉兹马斯・达尔文认为，电流能让死去的物质复活。恐怖的时刻激发了三位年轻人行文比赛的愿望，他们决定进行一个恐怖故事写作比赛。其他人都决定写短故事，只有玛丽写长篇小说，后来这篇小说甚至演变成为一个神话。她用了几个月的时间完成这部小说，1817年当她离开瑞士时，她的手稿已经写完。1年以后，这部小说问世后马上成为畅销书。但是这部小说的诞生还另有一个不可思议、与火山爆发毫无关联的原因。一个夜晚玛丽・雪莱在Diodati别墅中受到了一场噩梦的侵袭。玛丽自己回忆说： “虽然我紧闭双眼，但是我的神志非常清醒，我看见一位苍白的、学者模样的人，跪在他亲手组装的‘物体’面前。” “我看向这个可怕的类似一个仰卧的人的侧影，当一种非常强悍的马达声响起之后，这个魔鬼开始动作，完全不需任何帮助，做出几乎与人一样的运动。”玛丽马上想到，这个使她感到惊愕的画面，一定也会震慑众多的读者。浪漫主义者的悲惨命运经历了瑞士田园般的生活之后，玛丽・雪莱的生活被阴影笼罩。首先是她的嫂子Fanny自杀身亡。然后是雪莱的妻子，Harriet也以自杀了断了生命：人们找到她时，她已经死去，身边是她与某位情人的早产婴儿。这一系列自杀事件过去之后，玛丽与诗人雪莱在伦敦结婚。但是因为这些丑闻在公众中造成的愤恨情绪，使他们不得不离开英国，前往意大利，在那里他们度过了一段短暂但美丽的时光。1822年雪莱在从拉斯佩济亚(La Spezia)到热那亚(Genua)的船上，不幸落水身亡。其实1819年，当她的两个孩子感染到她与丈夫共有的一种病菌而双双夭折时， 玛丽就已经历了一次神经崩溃，只有Percy活了下来，也正是因为他，玛丽必须振作自己并且回到了英国。在英国她投身于写作，从未再婚。因为她的我行我素，使她在一生中很难被社会所接受。1851年她死于一种多年来一直折磨她的疾病。Frankenstein是一位年轻的化学家的名字，他无意中发现了“不经过上帝的手”制造人类的方法，并且制造了一个体型巨大，丑怪无比的怪物The creature。怪物出生后，被世人无情的视作异类捕杀，它虽然有人类的情感但永远不能拥有人类的正常生活。于是，怪物开始报复Frankenstein，杀死了他所有的亲人和爱人.激烈的理论，扩大和创造了人的生命。科学家维克托弗兰肯斯坦和他的助手曾秘密的从一个坟墓里盗取了尸体并组装成一个人工男子。一旦他被带到现实的生活中，巨大的他象孩子一样的纯洁。可是维克托弗兰肯斯坦没意识到他的超常的力量和可怕的外表，巨人变得敌对并且要求维克托弗兰肯斯坦给他造一个伙伴.---------------------------------------------------------------Hamlet《哈姆雷特》，（英语：Hamlet）又名《王子复仇记》，是莎士比亚的一部悲剧作品，是他最负盛名和被人引用最多的剧本之一。习惯上将本剧与《麦克白》、《李尔王》和《奥赛罗》一起并称为莎士比亚的「四大悲剧」。 历史 该剧写于1598年至1602年夏季之间。这部伊丽莎白一世时代戏剧杰作的第一个印刷本是所谓「坏四开本」（Bad Quarto），是个没有作者授权的盗版。1974年出版的《哈姆雷特》共4042行，29551字，是莎士比亚创作的最长剧本。 剧本主人公哈姆雷特是位丹麦王子。他在剧中第三幕第一场的经典独白「生存还是毁灭，这是个问题」（英语：To be, or not to be. That’s a question）是戏剧史上流传最广的台词之一，也是许多现代演员恶梦般的表演难点。在剧场中，哈姆雷特是在西方各国扮演最多的角色之一，也对成熟的男演员提出了巨大挑战，因为哈姆雷特在剧中是一个初出茅庐的年轻人。 2006年，中国导演冯小刚以「哈姆雷特」为脚本，拍摄了中国武侠片夜宴。 主要角色 （因为版本差异，人名可能有出入，请参考英文原名。以下从邹孟武译本。） 哈姆雷特Prince Hamlet——丹麦王子。为父王的鬼魂所困扰，欲报复杀父凶手。经历痛苦挣扎后他达成目的，整个王宫也陷入死亡的恐怖中。他最后也中了致命的毒剑死去。 克劳地Claudius——丹麦现任国王。哈姆雷特的叔父，在哥哥死后继任王位。先王鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特，他正是谋杀自己的凶手。他罪有应得，最后死在侄子复仇的毒剑下。 鬼魂King Hamlet (Ghost)——哈姆雷特的父亲死后化成鬼魂。他被弟弟毒死时，哈姆雷特正在国外。 葛簇特Gertrude——丹麦王后，王子的亲生母亲。先王死后改嫁克劳地，在莎士比亚的时代这种关系被视为乱伦，所以引起哈姆雷特的仇恨。她替哈姆雷特误喝下克劳地预藏的毒酒，当场身亡。 波隆尼尔Polonius——克劳地的御前大臣。他是出名的老顽固，阻挠哈姆雷特与自己女儿欧菲莉亚之间的爱情。哈姆雷特总是假装呆头呆脑来戏弄他。他躲在一块挂毯后，偷听哈姆雷特与王后的谈话时，被王子一剑刺死。 雷尔提Laertes——波隆尼尔的儿子。为了父亲和妹妹的死用剑杀死哈姆雷特。他也死在哈姆雷特的毒剑下，尽管当时哈姆雷特没有意识到剑是带毒的。 欧菲莉亚Ophelia——波隆尼尔的女儿。她与哈姆雷特陷入爱河，但种种阻力警告王子，政治地位使他们无望结合。作为哈姆雷特疯狂复仇计划的一部分，她被他无情抛弃，加上父亲的死让她精神错乱，最终失足落水溺毙。 赫瑞修Horatio—— 哈姆雷特在大学的好友。他没有直接卷入王室之间的阴谋，成为哈姆雷特的传声筒，莎士比亚用他来烘托剧情。虽然他曾扬言要自杀，但却是唯一活到剧终的主要角色。 罗生克兰和盖登思邓Rosencrantz & Guildernstern——都是哈姆雷特的大学同学。他们受克劳地之请前来照顾哈姆雷特。虽然两人在剧中无太大用处，王子很快就怀疑两人是间谍。当国王下密令要处死远在英国的哈姆雷特时，他把名字偷换了。于是两人在幕后莫名其妙地死去。 福丁布拉Fortinbras——挪威王子。在剧中只有短短过场戏。他的重要性在于，由他说出全剧的最后台词，似乎象征一个更为光明的未来，阐述了剧作主题。 剧情概要 本剧讲述丹麦王子哈姆雷特为父报仇的故事。原因是其父丹麦国王，打败波兰军队并在哈姆雷特动身前往威登堡大学后猝死。剧情展开之前，现任国王的兄弟克劳迪自行宣布继承王位，并迎娶前国王遗孀，也就是哈姆雷特的母亲葛簇特为新皇后。 全剧始于丹麦王国的艾森诺城堡，一队站岗哨兵惊恐的发现甫去世国王的鬼魂。当时哈姆雷特的朋友赫瑞修也在场，他问鬼魂是否有冤屈。士兵们才想到鬼魂或许有苦衷，但鬼魂一语不发就消失了。 第二天丹麦皇宫举办典礼庆祝克劳迪和葛簇特的婚礼。新国王要哈姆雷特别再沉溺于悲伤。当他再次独处时，忍不住表达出对于叔父篡位以及母亲迅速改嫁一事依然表现愤恨不平。这时他的朋友赫瑞修和昨晚看到鬼魂的士兵们前来报告昨天的际遇。哈姆雷特决心调查此事。 当天晚上他和赫瑞修他们一起到城堡上去观察动静。正当哈姆雷特责备他们喝得太多以至于看到幻像时，那鬼魂又出现了。它把哈姆雷特叫过去，小声的告诉他一个惊人的秘密：他的父亲是被谋杀的！鬼魂告诉哈姆雷特：他是被克劳迪从耳朵里灌进毒药毒死的，让哈姆雷特为他报仇！得到这个消息的哈姆雷特十分震惊，他回到士兵们那里并要求他们都发誓对今天的所见所闻保守秘密。 哈姆雷特并不清楚他所看见的鬼魂究竟真是他父亲，还是化作他父亲样子来拖他下地狱的魔鬼。于是他藉由装疯卖傻，想看看父王是否神志清楚，希望这些行为可以透露蛛丝马迹，或是有机会能够一举消灭叔父克劳迪亚。 哈姆雷特装疯的行径，让叛国且不忠的克劳迪亚上勾了，这还得特别感谢国王愚昧的波兰裔御前大臣—波隆尼尔。波隆尼尔相信哈姆雷特真的疯了，并咬定哈姆雷特是因为得不到自己亲生女儿—欧菲莉亚的爱而发疯。波隆尼尔不准欧菲利亚与哈姆雷特有任何关联。波隆尼尔开始畏惧哈姆雷特在宫廷里的势力，为减轻内心罪恶感而尽力伺候国王。名义上，他为了找出哈姆雷特发疯的原因，在国王示意下安排欧菲利亚和哈姆雷特见面。波隆尼尔则和国王暗中观察。国王或许已经识破哈姆雷特的诡计，也要哈姆雷特的大学同学罗生克兰和盖登思邓前来监视，哈姆雷特并未因此卸下心防，还看透了老同学突然造访的真正用意。哈姆雷特列出一串名单，藉以重现先王被谋杀时的情景。 "这出戏将说明一切，届时我将揪出国王的尾巴" 第二幕第二景 这场戏开始不久后，克劳迪简直如坐针毡，马上起身要求灯光。国王令人震惊的反应(赫瑞修也注意到了)让哈姆雷特相信他一定做了亏心事。过了不久，克劳迪安排哈姆雷特和罗生克兰、盖登思邓一同前往丹麦的英格兰属地，而且下令只要一抵达目的地就杀了哈姆雷特。同时克劳迪私下表达对自己过去作为的厌恶，忏悔请求宽恕。哈姆雷特发现克劳迪正在祷告，准备杀了他，旋即停手。因为哈姆雷特不愿意自己的报复行为亲手送有悔意的克劳迪上天堂。讽刺的是，就在哈姆雷特转身离去后，克劳迪了解在目前心智状况下，他根本不可能觉悟。假设哈姆雷特没有试图了结他的灵魂和生命，他还是会咎由自取。因为企图违背鬼魂的旨意，克劳迪注定功亏一溃。 哈姆雷特与母亲摊牌，与她谈论父王遭暗杀及她和叔父间的乱伦。谈话中哈姆雷特注意到有人躲在挂毯后窃听，以为可能是克劳迪因而刺死对方，结果发现窃听者其实是波隆尼尔。但哈姆雷特并不后悔，还继续责难母后。此时先王之灵再度现身斥责哈姆雷特，因为母后看不见先王之灵，只看到哈姆雷特自言自语的状态，所以确信儿子真的神志不清了。 克劳迪察觉哈姆雷特真正的意图，所以把他送到英格兰。为求自保，还附上密函欲将他置于死地。罗生克兰和盖登思邓受命一同前往并确认暗杀密令的执行。但在前往英格兰的航行中，他们被海盗偷袭，哈姆雷特成为阶下囚但旋即被送返丹麦。 此时欧菲莉亚则因遭受哈姆雷特拒绝及父亲过世的双重打击而彻底发狂了，不停地哼着小曲(这些小曲莎士比亚可能取材自英国传统民间音乐)。不知自杀还是意外，她失足落水因而溺毙。她的哥哥雷尔提从国外返乡，恨不得立刻为父亲与妹妹的死复仇。 哈姆雷特结束海上之旅后，在爱尔西诺城堡外的墓园遇见赫瑞修，那时欧菲莉亚的棺木正好抵达。当掘墓人施工时，哈姆雷特看到约力克的骷髅(骷髅是种象征)。约力克曾经是宫廷弄臣，让哈姆雷特回想起童年岁月，他大声宣告：「在此安息的是我不知已亲吻过多少次的樱唇」。哈姆雷特陷入沉思时，国王、皇后、雷尔提和随从们都来了。哈姆雷特得知欧菲莉亚香消玉殒后，悲痛得跳入未封关的坟墓，和雷尔提扭打成一团。 雷尔提和克劳迪知道哈姆雷特已返回丹麦，决定谋杀他而且企图让这谋杀案看起来像意外。克劳迪建议雷尔提约哈姆雷特出来决斗，并且还对哈姆雷特使出激将法，说他并不喜欢决斗这种方式。哈姆雷特不了解的是，雷尔提并不用普通的刀剑与之对决，而是锐利的毒剑。此外，为避免雷尔提杀不了哈姆雷特，克劳迪甚至准备毒酒让他作为庆祝之用。 等待决斗开始前，哈姆雷特、赫瑞修还有纨绔子弟Osric一同寻欢作乐。决斗时哈姆雷特在前两场获胜，葛簇特不知情地喝下预计毒死哈姆雷特的庆祝酒。哈姆雷特最终仍被刺伤且重了致命剧毒，接着反击回去，同时也用毒剑深深刺中雷尔提。皇后因误饮毒酒致命后，仍不忘警告哈姆雷特酒已被下毒。断气前，雷尔提对哈姆雷特坦承一切。愤怒中哈姆雷特也用毒剑杀了克劳迪，逼他喝下毒酒，最后终于为父亲报仇。 赫瑞修因为一连串事情震惊住了，一把抢来毒酒想和好友共赴黄泉，但哈姆雷特夺走他的杯子。他要赫瑞修以哈姆雷特之名告诉世人这个故事；他也建议由挪威王子福丁布拉继任丹麦王位。哈姆雷特断气后，赫瑞修悲痛不可自抑： 高贵之心就此魂飞魄散，亲爱的王子，晚安 天使飞翔高歌，愿你安息 第五幕第二景 福丁布拉和英国大使一同出现，讶于眼前这场大屠杀，下令为哈姆雷特以军礼下葬。赫瑞修则让哈姆雷特的故事流传世间。

Frankenstein关于书的..很详尽~~

弗兰肯斯坦 = FrankensteinNothing contributes so much to tranquillize the mind as a steady purpose--a point on which the soul may fix its intellectual eye.--Letter 1We are unfashioned creatures, but half made up.--Letter 4You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once did; and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been.--Letter 4Curiosity, earnest research to learn the hidden laws of nature, gladness akin to rapture, as they were unfolded to me, are among the earliest sensations I can remember.--Chapter 2No human being could have passed a happier childhood than myself. My parents were possessed by the very spirit of kindness and indulgence. We felt that they were not the tyrants to rule our lot according to their caprice, but the agents and creators of all the many delights which we enjoyed.--Chapter 2The labours of men of genius, however erroneously directed, scarcely ever fail in ultimately turning to the solid advantage of mankind.--Chapter 3Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through, and pour a torrent of light into our dark world.--Chapter 3Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow.--Chapter 4It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open ...--Chapter 4The different accidents of life are not so changeable as the feelings of human nature. I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body. For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardor that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created, I rushed out of the room.--Chapter 4How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! -- Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips.--Chapter 5While I watched the tempest, so beautiful yet terrific, I wandered on with a hasty step. This noble war in the sky elevated my spirits; I clasped my hands, and exclaimed aloud, 'William, dear angel! this is thy funeral, this thy dirge!'--Chapter 7A flash of lightning illuminated the object, and discovered its shape plainly to me; its gigantic stature, and the deformity of its aspect, more hideous than belongs to humanity, instantly informed me that it was the wretch, the filthy demon, to whom I had given life.--Chapter 7All men hate the wretched; how then, must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things! Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me, they creature, to whom thou art bound by ties only dissoluble by the annihilation of one of us.--Chapter 10I am alone and miserable; man will not associate with me; but one as deformed and horrible as myself would not deny herself to me. My companion must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must create.--Chapter 15You can blast my other passions, but revenge remains -- revenge, henceforth dearer than light of food! I may die, but first you, my tyrant and tormentor, shall curse the sun that gazes on your misery.--Chapter 20Life is obstinate and clings closest where it is most hated.--Chapter 23The companions of our childhood always possess a certain power over our minds which hardly any later friend can obtain. They know our infantine dispositions, which, however they may be afterwards modified, are never eradicated.--Chapter 24Seek happiness in tranquility and avoid ambition, even if it be only the apparently innocent one of distinguishing yourself in science and discoveries.--Chapter 24Oh! Be men, or be more than men. Be steady to your purposes and firm as a rock. This ice is not made of such stuff as your hearts may be; it is mutable and cannot withstand you if you say that it shall not.--Chapter 24

Frankenstein is enormously important as a prototype for science fiction and as an early feminist work.Background of FrankensteinMary Shelley was born in 18th-century London to two influential writers. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, was a radical feminist who died after giving birth to Mary, and her father, William Godwin, raised her alone. Mary left home at 16, married Percy Shelley after his first wife's suicide, and wrote Frankenstein in a writer's challenge from Lord Byron in 1816-1817. The story, based on a horrendous vision, was composed during sweeping life changes. Frankenstein was published anonymously in 1818. However, the story is enduring in its psychological drama, questions asked, and memorable characterizations. The story has adapted to many forms, with each adaptation telling a very different version of Shelley's original tale.Frankenstein is an advisory notice done up in gothic costume, warning post-industrial society about the explosion of scientific knowledge and its potential misapplication and the subsequent dehumanization of mankind. Much as the silent sci-fi film Metropolis warned of the need for labor unions, Frankenstein warned of the need for considered action in the use of knowledge, and the alienation in store for driven knowledge seekers. In Frankenstein, Shelley asks who exactly the real monster is.About the Novel: FrankensteinIn the beginning, Dr. Frankenstein is rescued from an ice flow in the sea near the North Pole. Chased through the Arctic by his Creature, Victor Frankenstein is saved by Captain Walton, who listens to the tale of the quest for knowledge--all gone wrong. Victor describes his childhood as a paradise, where his mother and father indulged him. But, his parents also failed to teach him reality, cause-and-effect, or the principles of respect. With these deficiencies, he considered his adopted sister Elizabeth a possession that he married to own.Elizabeth could not help Victor overcome his addiction to creating a superhuman species. Victor achieved the goal of his addiction and was subsequently repulsed by it. Elizabeth was quite literally killed by his addiction as Victor's Creature destroyed everything that was dear to him. His parents had abandoned his soul in their enabling, and he abandoned his own creation without a name and without a thought.Frankenstein reveals three generations of monsters--personified in Victor's mother, Victor, and the Creature. In addition, Elizabeth was reduced to monster status in her treatment as an object, and Mary Shelley herself was a monster (an educated feminist) who could not put her name to her own work. Victor, the Creature, and Mary Shelley were all different from the mainstream society that rejected them as monstrous: a radical scientist, an inhuman creation, and a feminist without a mother. Victor lost everyone of value, Shelley lost her mother at birth, and the Creature could not fit in anywhere. The Creature's abandonment by parent and society is similar to that of the feminist for over two centuries. Feminists were scorned and abandoned as they obtained knowledge and subsequent power to participate more fully in societies. As portrayed in Katja von Garnier's 2004 film Iron Jawed Angels, feminists were attacked, beaten, and shunned, just as was the Creature in Frankenstein. Shelley must have felt such abandonment and rejection, considering that her father educated her extensively, but she could not sign her own book.http://classiclit.about.com/od/frankenstein/fr/aa_frankenstein.htm