gps英语阅读法

GPS是英文Global Positioning System（全球定位系统）的简称。GPS起始于1958年美国军方的一个项目，1964年投入使用。20世纪70年代，美国陆海空三军联合研制了新一代卫星定位系统GPS 。主要目的是为陆海空三大领域提供实时、全天候和全球性的导航服务，并用于情报搜集、核爆监测和应急通讯等一些军事目的，经过20余年的研究实验，耗资300亿美元，到1994年，全球覆盖率高达98%的24颗GPS卫星星座己布设完成。在机械领域GPS则有另外一种含义：产品几何技术规范(Geometrical Product Specifications, 简称GPS)。另外一种含义为G/s（GB per second）。GPS(Generalized Processor Sharing)广义为处理器分享，网络服务质量控制中的专用术语。

GPS这个缩写从英语翻译成中文是：1. (= General Problem Solver) 普通问题解答机,通用解算器2. (= Global Positioning System) 全球卫星定位系统3. (= global positioning satellite) 全球定位卫星4. (= gallons per second) 每秒加仑数,加仑／ 秒5. (= Google Play Store) 谷歌在线商店

第一，扫描提干，划关键项。

第二， 通读全文，抓住中心。

1. 通读全文，抓两个重点：

①首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）；

②其他各段的段首和段尾句。（其他部分略读，有重点的读）

2. 抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：

①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？

②文章中有无提到核心概念？

③作者的大致态度是什么？

第三，仔细审题，返回原文。（仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩）

定位原则：

①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等）

②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。

要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。

第四，重叠选项，得出答案。（重叠原文=对照原文）

1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。

2.作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由

1.例证题 ：

① 例证题的标记。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。

② 返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。

③ 搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。

注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题？不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。

④ 找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。

⑤ 例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。

即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。（╳）

要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。

原文链接：

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恩，楼上的说的好

GNSS即全球卫星导航系统，广泛地应用于定位、授时、导航等诸多民用和军事领域。GPS系统基于无线电单向测距和CDMA技术实现，在当前诸多卫星导航系统中技术上最具典型性，使用也最为普遍。我精心收集了关于gps的英语小短文，供大家欣赏学习!

Motivated by the events of 9/11 2001 and problems with 911 calls from cellular phones, the FCC requires that by the end of 2005 all cell phone carriers must be able to trace the location of cell phone calls to within a range of no more than 100 meters.

Cell phones are already available with GPS technology installed. These systems are not the same as the GPS devices used by hikers, mariners and drivers. Lower cost models do not allow the user to enter data such as mapping software. All systems require a wireless network.

Cell phones with GPS technology use AGPS (Assisted Global Positioning System). Assisted because the system uses both cell phone towers and satellites as location finders.

There are advantages and disadvantages in the new technology. The cost to implement the program will be passed on to consumers -- cell phones will cost more. Privacy is a real concern with the general public especially in this day of identity theft. It is a concern that unknown people will be able to access your location. Also there is a possibility that the spam you are flooded with on your home computer will now be sent to your cell phone.

Using GPS cell phones to track people has some great advantages. Locating kids and family can be a blessing. Remember though, if you try to locate someone who is out of your calling area, you will be charged extra.

The obvious benefit for the consumer is the issue of emergency aid and that was the catalyst for this whole idea of GPS cell phones. A 911 call that can be quickly located, emergency roadside assistance, locating persons missing in remote areas, the list goes on. If coverage is available then GPS cell phones save lives.

Many carriers already have GPS cell phones available. You can buy the basic model for emergency tracking or you can pay for the technology that turns the cell phone into a sophisticated mapping, PDA system. Problems are still an issue with the advanced features. The more you use the advanced features, the greater the drain on the battery. Increasing battery size also increases the cell phone size and that is a problem for most consumers who want ever smaller, lighter devices to carry around. At this time Japan seems to have the edge on developing the high-end miniature GPS cell phone.

Sacrificing privacy for safety is the issue and I suspect that it would only take one positive outcome in an emergency situation to make the decision for you.

As the systems become more and more refined camera and PDA capabilities are being included into the phone itself. Developments in GPS cell phone technology are continuing. If programmers can solve the issues of privacy then the potential for GPS cell phones is incredible. It will no longer be an issue of "Can you hear me now?" Rather the question will be, "Can you find me now?"

Anne King is a sports and recreation writer in Boise, Idaho. For more information on GPS cell phones, visit Maps GPS Info.com which also provides practical information on GPS and maps that everyone can use. The website includes product reviews and a maps/GPS glossary.

The everyday use of a GPS device might be to find your way around town or even navigate a hiking trail, but for two physicists, the Global Positioning System might be a tool in directly detecting and measuring dark matter, so far an elusive but ubiquitous form of matter responsible for the formation of galaxies. Andrei Derevianko, of the University of Nevada, Reno, and his colleague Maxim Pospelov, of the University of Victoria and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Canada, have proposed a method for a dark-matter search with GPS satellites and other atomic clock networks that compares times from the clocks and looks for discrepancies.

"Despite solid observational evidence for the existence of dark matter, its nature remains a mystery," Derevianko, a professor in the College of Science at the University, said. "Some research programs in particle physics assume that dark matter is composed of heavy-particle-like matter. This assumption may not hold true, and significant interest exists for alternatives."

"Modern physics and cosmology fail dramatically in that they can only explain 5 percent of mass and energy in the universe in the form of ordinary matter, but the rest is a mystery."

There is evidence that dark energy is about 68 percent of the mystery mass and energy. The remaining 27 percent is generally acknowledged to be dark matter, even though it is not visible and eludes direct detection and measurement.

"Our research pursues the idea that dark matter may be organized as a large gas-like collection of topological defects, or energy cracks," Derevianko said. "We propose to detect the defects, the dark matter, as they sweep through us with a network of sensitive atomic clocks. The idea is, where the clocks go out of synchronization, we would know that dark matter, the topological defect, has passed by. In fact, we envision using the GPS constellation as the largest human-built dark-matter detector."

Their research was well-received by the scientific community when the theory was presented at scientific conferences this year, and their paper on the topic appears today in the online version of the scientific journal Nature Physics, ahead of the print version.

With the widespread use of technologies like GPS and Internet-connected cameras, parents can now keep an eye on their children wherever they are.

The combination of high-tech tools and highly-protective parents has set off the creation of a GPS-equipped wristwatch that allows parents to listen in real time to what their children are doing. The device has caused complaints from teachers since some parents began equipping their children with the watch so they can listen in on what happens at school.

A teacher surnamed You at a well-known primary school in Pudong New Area discovered someone was eavesdropping(偷听) on her lessons after a parent of one of her students posted something she said online while class was still on. You soon found out the parent had given her child a watch that could send out the sounds in the classroom to her mobile phone. Soon, other parents decided to equip their own children with the devices.

You was annoyed to find out her students' parents were spying on her. It made her feel as if they distrusted her. After You told her fellow teachers what had happened, they discovered that some of their students were also wearing the watches.

一、常见题型分析 (一)主旨大意题主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。更多精彩尽在《试题调研》第9辑《考前抢分必备》常见的命题方式：What is the main idea of this passage?What dose this passage mainly concern?The main theme of this passage is_____________The main point of the passage is___________Which of the following is the best title for the passage?The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况：1。题句位于句首。主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。2。主题句位于段末。主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。3. 主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。4。主题句位于段落的中间。主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、说明或发展。5。主题句隐含在段意之中。全文没有明确的主题句。其中心思想包含在各个句子中，在这种情况下，读者要把所有已知的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。【典例1】 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。……Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than ￡65 per year。Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about ￡260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg—assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. (2008·安徽卷)This passage is mainly about ________。A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips【解析】 本文主要介绍了如何节约能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主题很明显，文章一开始就点明了主题，接下来整篇文章都是围绕如何save energy展开，而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。故选A。针对主旨大意类题目，应采用快速阅读法(Skimming)浏览全文。在阅读时，应特别注意文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题。【目的是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。(二)推理判断题推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题在阅读中属于难度较高的题型，通常占总题数的15%－30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理，知识推理等。这类考题中常出现的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may等。常见的命题方式：From paragraph one we can infer that_________What can be inferred from the passage?We can infer from the text that…?What can we learn from…?We can conclude from the passage that_______The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that______The author implies that_______This passage would most likely be found in______The author’s attitude toward…is_________?推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。(1)要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；(2)要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全；(3)要忠实于原文，不能主观臆想，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(4)要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。【典例1】 Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark(鲨鱼)。Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms。Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure。If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather。…It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system。At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology。In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts。She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. (2008·天津卷)44. The passage is most probably taken from _____。A. a short-story collectionB. a popular science magazineC. a research paperD. a personal diary45. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather。B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled。C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job。D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster。如：Mary is due to leave at two o’clock。【解析】 本文为科普类文章，介绍了一位英国生物系学生对于鲨鱼来预测暴风雨的研究。44. B 推理判断题。本题适宜用排除法。由文章内容来看这是一篇科普文，A、D可删除，由文章的语言来看，并未出现大量的专业术语，可删除C “a research paper”(科研论文)45. A 推理判断题。由第一段和第四段可知，前四段所要表达的含义为If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of Sharks to predict bad weather。(科学家们可以通过监视鲨鱼的行为来预测不好的天气”。故A 项正确。细节推断题要求学生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。【典例2】 It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, carrier, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of the dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him。Over the phone, his mother told him, “Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday。” Memories fleshed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days。…Inside he found these words carved: “Jack. Thanks for your time! Harold Belser。”“Oh. My God! This is the thing he valued most …”Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two days. “Why?” his assistant asked。“I need some time to spend with my son,” he said. (2008·江苏卷)69. Why did Jack say he needed some time to spend with his son?A. He was very tired of his work and wanted to have a good rest。B. He had promised to spare more time to stay with his son。C. He had missed his son and his family for days。D. He came to realize the importance of the time with his family。【解析】 本文属于记叙文，文章由邻居之死而引出一个不容忽视的社会主题：友情、亲情才是最重要的。69. D推理判断题，由文中可知Belser的遗言对Jack触动很大，同时也使他开始领悟到：只有亲人、朋友才是生活中最重要的。因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致该结果产生的可能原因，考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。回答推理判断题的试题时，考生一定要牢记，能够直接从文中找到的选项不是正确选项，因为与原文一样的句子不叫推理。只有那些没有在文中直接出现，但根据文中的信息经过推断可以得出的才是符合题意的正确选项。二、解题方法1. 先看题干，带着问题读文章。即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。2. 速读全文，了解大意知主题。阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。3。详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用"画图列表法"，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。4. 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。更多精彩尽在《试题调研》第9辑《考前抢分必备》。在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文；要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。