英语冠词ppt课件

冠词是用在名词前面，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，是泛指还是特指的词。冠词是一种虚词。 冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The Definite Article）a, an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。 an, a是不定冠词，仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念。a用在以辅音（指辅音音素）开头的词前， an用在以元音（指元素音素）开头的词前，如： a boy an hour a history class an island a university an elephant a hero an old man 不定冠词的用法： 1. 表示人或事物的某一类 A steel worker makes steel. A plane is a machine that can fly. 2. 表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个。 This is an apple. His father is a teacher. 3. 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人何物。 A comrade is waiting for you downstairs. I met an old man on my way to school. 4. 表示“一个”的意思 He will be back in a day or two. He tried to send a picture of a face. 5. 有时也表示“每”的意思 We have three meals a day. 我们一日三岁. He walks ten miles an hour. 他一小时走10英里。 We have six classes a day. 我们一天上六节课。 He drives the car at thirty miles an hour. 如果把不定冠词后的名词变为复数，只把不定冠词去掉还不行，还得补上一个数词或不定代词（some, any） The plan will be ready in a few days. 这是因为“一个”或“某个”变为复数时，就成为“几个”或“某几个”的缘故。 定冠词的用法： 定冠词the具有确定的意思，用以特指人或事物，表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。用在以辅音音素开头的词前读[ð? ]，用在以元音音素开头的词前读[ði ] ,在特别强调时读[ði:]。 II定冠词的基本用法： 1. 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 Give me the book. Did you hear the talk given by Mr Li? How do you like the film. Have you got the letter? 2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 Where is the teacher? Open the door. 3. 复述上文提过的人或事物。 I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday. 4. 世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙） The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun. the globe, the universe. the atmosphere大气层 5. 用在方位名词前 in the south, in the west ,in the north 6. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前 The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class. He is the tallest one in our class. 7、表示两者间“较……的一个”时用定冠词 The older of the two noblemen took a light. He is the taller of the two boys. 8. 用在单数可数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。 The horse is a useful animal. 9. 定冠词用在形容词前，表示一类人或东西。 The rich, the poor ,the wounded ,the deaf 10. 冠词可用在党派、阶级、民族名词前 The Chinese people中华民族 The working class 工人阶级 The Communist Party 11、用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人，或这一姓的夫妇二人。 The Lius live upstairs. The Johns are watching TV. 12、在乐器前加the the piano the violin 13、在习惯性短语中 in the morning in the afternoon 14、在人或物后有限定性的后置定语 The man standing by the gate is Li Feng. 15、代替所有格代词，表示人体的一部分 He received a blow on the head 他头上挨了一击。 John’s brother took him by the hand. 约翰的哥哥牵着他的手。 16、在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。 In the 1980s或in the 1980’s 20世纪80年代 in the nineteenth century 二十世纪 17、专有名词前冠词的用法。 1. 在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。 the Changjang River 长江 the Hudson River 哈得孙河 the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Yellow Sea 黄海 the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河 the English Channel 英吉利海峡 the Persian Gulf 波斯湾 the British Isles 布列颠群岛 2. 在含有普通名词构成的专有名词前用the。 the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Palace 颐和园 the United States 美国 the October Revolution 十月革命 the Chinese People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军 the Long March 长征 3. 在某些建筑物前 the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂 the Museum of Chinese History 历史博物馆 4. 在某些组织机构前 the United Nations 联合国 the Department of Education 教育部 ⑤节日名：New Year’s Day 新年，元旦 Women’s Day 妇女节 Labour Day 劳动节 Children’s Day儿童节 April Fools’ Day愚人节 National Day国庆节 Thanksgiving Day感恩节 Christmas Day圣诞节 但我国的节日前用定冠词 the Spring Festival春节 the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节 但也有一些专有名词前不加冠词 1. 街名：Wang Fu Jing Street王府井大街 Naking Road南京路 2. 广场名：Tian An Men Square天安门广场 3. 公园名：Pei Hai Park北海公园 Hyde Park海德公园 4. 大学名：Beijing University北京大学 Zhejiang University浙江大学 但也可说the University of Beijing the University of Zhejiang 什么时候不用冠词 1. 在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词 The desk is made of wood. What is work? Work is struggle. 2. 专有名词前不加冠词 Canada, Beijing ，Lei Feng 3. 名词前有物主代词指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时 this， my，that， those， these， her 4、月份，星期，季节前不用冠词 Sunday March summer winter 5、在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词 Horses are useful animals. My mother and father are school teachers. 6、当一个名词用作表语，冈位语补足语来表示某人在当时或现刻的职位或头衔时，前面不用冠词。 He is chairman of the Students’ Union. 他是学生会主席。 They elected him president of the U.S. 他们选他当美国总统。 这里指的职位大体是指独一的职位，“主席”、“主任”都只有一个，如不是独一的要加不定冠词。 She is a teacher of English in our school. 她是我校的一位英语教师 7、在三餐前不用冠词。 breakfast, lunch, supper 如这些词前有形容词修饰可用不定冠词。 I had a good lunch yesterday. I have breakfast at 7 every day. 8、在球类，棋类名词前不用冠词。 Play football (basketball, Volleyball) chess ※抽象名词，物质名词前不用冠词，但后有定语修饰加the。 He is fond of music. The music of the film is very beautiful. Science is making rapid progress in China. 科学正在中国飞速发展。 Physics is the science of matter and energe. 物理学是物质和能量的科学。

新概念英语第二册语法讲解冠词

冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。

一、不定冠词的用法

1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.

2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.

A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。

3、表示数量，有“一”的`意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：

I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.

4、用于某些固定词组中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。

5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：

This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。

It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。

It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。

二、定冠词的用法：

1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如：

Beijing is the capital of China.

The pen on the desk is mine.

2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：

Where is the teacher?

Open the window, please.

3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如：

There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.

The baby was thin.

4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the earth, the moon, the sun。

5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：

He is always the first to come to school.

Bob is the tallest in his class.

6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。

7、用在一些习惯用语中。如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。

8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas

9、用在报刊、杂志前。如：the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报

10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如：

The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。

11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。

12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如：

The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).

三、零冠词（即不用冠词）：

1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。

2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如：

Go down this street.

3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：

We are students. I like reading stories.

4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。

Today is New Year’s Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Women’s Day.

5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：

What’s the matter, Granny? We elected him monitor.

6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。

7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如：

She goes to school after breakfast every morning.

We are going to play football.

We usually have lunch at school.

8、科目前不加。如：

We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.

【专项训练】

1、We can’t live without ______ air.

A．an B．× C．the D．some

2、——Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning.

——Is it ______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A．a; the B．the; the C．the; a D．a; a

3、I’ve been waiting for him for ______ hour and ______ half.

A．×; × B．the; a C．a; the D．an; a

4、What ______ fine weather we have today!

A．a B．× C．some D．an

5、Have you ever seen ______ as tall as this one?

A．a tree B．such tree C．an tree D．tree

6、Children usually go to ______ school at ______ age of six.

A．×; the B．a; an C．the; × D．the; the

7、______ Himalayas is ______ highest mountain in ______ world.

A．×; the;× B．The; the; the C．A; a; a D．×;×;×

8、They each have ______ book. Li Hua’s is about ______ writer. Wang Lin’s is on ______ science.

A．a; a; × B．the; ×; the C．×; the; × D．a; the; a

9、______ Physics is ______ science of matter and energy.

A．The; × B．×; × C．×; the D．A; a

10、______ sun rises in ______ east and sets in ______ west.

A．A; an; a B．The;×;× C．The; the; the D．A; the; a

（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……）

KEYS

1、B air是不可数名词。

2、D 此题为97年高考题。根据句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出现；第二空仍是泛指，且表数量“－”。

3、D 元音前用an。

4、B weather是不可数名词。

5、A 此题为85年高考题。泛指。

6、A go to school是固定短语。

7、B 山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。

8、A 第一、二空泛指，第三空，science是不可数名词。

9、C 第一空，科目前不加冠词；第二空特指，有定语。

10、C

主要结合语法，还有句子。做一些历年的真题。

a用在可数名词之前 an是用在元音单词的可数名次之前 the是用在特指名词之前可数名词不加S就加冠词冠词就是帽子，不能秃顶也不能带两顶有些可数名词不能加冠词，如home there here

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the是用在特指名词之前,或是前面已经提过一次,再提一次是用the.a,an用在第一次提到的名词前a用在可数名词之前 ,an是用在元音单词的可数名次之前 .