英文翻译来源

英语的起源：

In 1066, William I, the Duke of Normandy, who ruled northwest of the Kingdom of France, conquered the Kingdom of England and became King of England. All the British nobles were changed into French and intermarried with the nobles of France.

公元1066年，割据法兰西王国西北部的诺曼底公爵威廉一世征服英格兰王国，成为英格兰国王，所有的英国贵族也都换成法国人，并且和法国本土的贵族通婚。

During the more than 300 years of the Norman Conquest, the monarchs and nobles of the Kingdom of England spoke French, while the clergy used Latin and Middle English. Around 1500, Middle English evolved into Modern English.

诺曼征服的三百余年间，英格兰王国的君主与贵族都讲法语，教士们则习用拉丁语，中古英语。1500年左右，中古英语演变成为近代英语。

The spelling letters used in modern English are also completely borrowed from 26 letters. The so-called "English alphabet" is the spelling letter used by ancient Romans in writing. English began to use the Latin alphabet as a spelling system around the sixth century A.D. in Anglo-Saxon times.

现代英语所使用的拼写字母，也是完全借用了26个字母。所谓“英语字母”，就是古罗马人在书写时所使用的拼写字母。英语开始以拉丁字母作为拼写系统大约是在公元六世纪盎格鲁撒克逊时代。

The missionaries introduced letters in order to record the local language into words. The problem they faced was that there were more than 40 different pronunciations in English at that time, but the Latin letters could not correspond to each other.

So they used the methods of adding letters, adding mutants to letters, and connecting two letters to correspond to different pronunciations. Later, a text system of 26 Latin letters plus plus some spelling rules was formed in Old English.

当时的传教士们为了把当地语言记录成文字而引进字母，他们所面临的问题是当时的英语共有超过40种不同的音，而拉丁字母无法一一对应，于是他们用增加字母、在字母上加变音符号、两个字母连写等方法来对应不同的发音，之后慢慢形成了古英语用26个拉丁字母+&来拼写并伴有一些拼写规则的文字系统。

扩展资料

1、词汇量

英语的词汇量非常庞大（总计990,000个），但如果要估计具体数字，必须先判断哪些能够算作其单词。不过与其他语言不同，并没有一个权威学术机构来规定何为正式的词汇。医学、科技领域不断涌现新词，一些进入了大众日常用语中，其他只在一小部分人群内部使用。移民群体带来的外语单词也经常融入英语社会中去。

2、语法

英语语法基于日耳曼语源，虽然一些18世纪和19世纪的学者试图把法语和古拉丁语的语法应用于英语，但是并不成功。英语与其他所有的印欧语系语言相比，没有那么复杂的屈折变化，也失去了几乎所有阴阳性变化，基本上，英语除了人称代词以外，已失去了性和格的分别了，它更强调词语间相对固定的顺序，也就是说英语正朝向分析语的方向发展。

参考资料来源：百度百科-英语

English is an Anglo-Frisian language brought to southeastern Great Britain in the 5th century AD by Germanic settlers from various parts of northwest Germany (Saxons, Angles) as well as Jutland (Jutes).Prior to the invasion of Britain by these Germanic tribes, the native Britons spoke an early form of Brythonic (the ancestor of Modern Welsh). Unlike in Gaul and Hispania, the indigenous population did not adopt Latin as a native language during the Roman occupation, where it was mainly confined to the Roman cities and garrisons. The degree to which the original Celtic-speaking inhabitants remained or were displaced is a matter of some debate, although recent genetic studies suggest that the native Celtic population were not substantially displaced in any part of Britain. If correct, this interpretation of events would imply that the native Celts in the south and east of Britain, gradually adopted the language and culture of a politically and socially dominant ruling class. (see Sub-Roman Britain). Celtic languages survived in parts of the island not colonized by the invaders: Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, and, to some extent, Cumbria. The dialects spoken by the invaders eventually coalesced to a degree and formed what is today called the Old English language, which resembled some coastal dialects in what are now northwest Germany and the Netherlands (i.e. Frisia). Throughout the history of written Old English, it remained a highly synthetic language based on a single standard, while spoken Old English became increasingly analytic in nature, losing the more complex noun case system, with a heavier reliance on prepositions and fixed word-order. This is evident in the Middle English period, when literature is first recorded in the various spoken dialects of English of the time, after written Old English lost its status as the literary language of the nobility. It has been postulated that the early development of the language may have also been influenced by a Celtic substratum. Later, it was influenced by the related North Germanic language Old Norse, spoken by the Vikings who settled mainly in the north and the east coast down to London, the area known as the Danelaw.Then came the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. For about 300 years following, the Norman kings and the high nobility spoke only Anglo-Norman, which was very close to Old French. A large number of Norman words found their way into Old English, leaving a parallel vocabulary that persists into modern times. The Norman influence strongly affected the evolution of the language over the following centuries, resulting in what is now referred to as Middle English.During the 15th century, Middle English was transformed by the Great Vowel Shift, the spread of a standardised London-based dialect in government and administration, and the standardising effect of printing. Early Modern English can be traced back to around the time of William Shakespeare.英语是印欧 (1ndo-European)语系。印欧语系是世界上最大的语系，包括欧洲、美洲和亚洲的大部分语言。讲印欧诸种语言的总人数约有十八亿七千五百万，占世界总人口的一半左右。早在1786年，英国梵文（Sanskrit)学者威廉·琼斯爵士 (Sir William Jones) 就指出：欧洲、印度、波斯等地的大多数语言，包括古希腊语、古拉丁语及古印度语属于同一“家族”。原始印欧人是什么样的人? 他们居住在何方? 对这些问题，我们今天仍缺乏文献的考证。但是通过长时期的研究，语言学家们得出了探索性的结论他们发现：属于印欧语系的许多语种都有表示“冬天”、“雪”和“寒冷”等意义的词，这说明原始印欧语最初是在气候比较冷的地一带使用的。另一方面，某些热带地区动植物名称的词，如“狮子”、“大象”、“稻米”、“竹”、“棕榈树”等，在原始印欧语中是不存在的；而印欧语系各语种中却都有表示“白杨”、“栎树”、“柳树”、“白桦”、“熊”、“狼”、“羊”、“鹰”、“蜜蜂”等动植物名称的相似词。通过这样的探索和研究，许多人认为，当人类进入新石器时代，欧洲中东部曾居隹着一些游牧部落，他们饲养着象羊、狗、奶牛和马这样的家畜，会使用马和简陋的马车，并能够驰骋于一望无际的原野上。这些游牧部落就是原始印欧人，他们用于交际的语言就是原始印欧语。大约在公元前3500年至公元前2500年间，这些原始印欧人开始迁徒。有些向西移动，有些向东移动，而有些则向南移动，到达今天的南亚次大陆。这些部落的大迁徒导致印欧语系的逐步形成。古印度语与古代欧洲语言之所以非常相近，其历史根源即在于此。印欧语系包括：（一）印度语族(Indic);（二）．伊朗语族(Iranian);(三)斯拉夫语族（Slavic）,(四)波罗的话族（Baltic）,（五）日耳曼语族（Germanic）,（六）拉丁语族（亦称罗曼语族[Romance]）, （七）凯尔特语族（Celtic）,（八）希腊语族；（九）阿尔巴尼亚语（Albanian）,（十）亚美尼亚语族（Armenian）, （十一）吐火罗语族（Tocharian;Tokharian）（十二）赫梯语族（Hittite）。日耳曼语族是一个比较大的语族。它又分为三个语支：(一)东日耳曼语支（EastGermanic）主要以现已绝迹的哥特语（Gothic）为代表；（二）北日耳曼语支（North Germanic）,主要以古北欧语（Oid Norse）为代表，包括今日的挪威语（Norwegian）、冰岛语（Icelandic）、瑞典语和丹麦语等；（三）西日耳曼语支（West Germanic）包括低地德语（Low German）今日的荷兰语（Dutch）、高地德语（High German）、英语、弗里西亚语（Frisian）佛兰芒语（Flemish）等。因此，我们说：英语属于印欧语系的日耳曼语族的西日耳曼语支。

那时候第一个翻译者可能偶然得到了一两本从欧洲传来的英文书籍，或是碰上了远渡重洋而来的外国人，总之，他对这门语言的符号或是读音起了兴趣，开始像考古学家一样满怀激情地钻研；他也可能是无意识的。他可能因为战乱、航海或是别的原因被迫居留在欧洲的某个使用英语的国家。面对陌生的语言环境，要想生存，就必须入乡随俗。他在巨大的压力面前开始了对英语的挑战。 那么，他是怎样学习英语的呢？我想，他几乎是从零开始的。他眼前定然不会有一本现成的教材，更不用说有复读机、文曲星、译克风、电脑之类的高科技工具，他只能靠双眼观察外国人的一举一动，用双耳聆听外国人的每一句对话，用大脑去揣摩，用心来领悟，然后用手中的笔把一个个单词转化并翻译出来！ 也许3年，5年，10年，或是更多，他克服了重重困难，超越自我，获得了成功。他定然会体味英语的实用性，但他可能不会想到当他把这些知识传授给后代的时候，极大地促进了中外的文化交流，推动了中华民族的历史车轮。

what's your nationality？

Which country are you from？

what：

收入的来源：Source of income，其中的重点单词：

1、income，读音为英['ɪŋkʌm]  美[ˋɪn͵kʌm]，作名词为收入，收益的意思。

2、source，读音为英[sɔːs]  美[sɔrs]，作名词意思是来源。

例句：Do you have any other sources of income?你还有去他的收入来源吗？

扩展资料：

另外，revenue，income这两个名词均有“收入”之意。revenue专指国家或企业的收入，主要指国家的税收。income主要指个人收入，包括劳动所得和利润。income相关短语：

1、bring in income：得到(一笔)收入。

2、enjoy income：享有收入。

3、expanding incomes：日益提高的收入

4、cash income：现金收入。