conclude ,aver,declare (动词)断言; claim(名词)断言'The situation in the inner cities is bad and getting worse,' she concluded.“内城的情况很糟,而且是越来越糟。”她断言道。He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him . 他断言这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。British experts delivered a strong counter-blast to the Professor's claims. 英国专家对该教授的断言进行了强烈驳斥。He avers that chaos will erupt if he loses. 他断言,如果他失败将会爆发动乱。
affirm指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,表示使用此词者对所断言的内容有无可争辩、强烈肯定之意。【例】He affirmed his loyalty to his country.他声言忠于自己的国家。 assert指不管事实如何,在没有客观证据的情况下,非常主观自信地宣称、断言,不包含使用此词者对所断言内容的任何判断。【例】The student asserted that the criticism of him was groundless.这学生断言对他的批评是无根据的。 allege指在拿不出任何真凭实据情况下宣称,硬说;明显含有使用此词者对断言内容不赞同的意味。【例】Though caught in the act, he alleged that he was innocent.虽然被当场抓住,他硬说自己是清白的。 claim表示断言者强调对所宣称事情是真实的,尤其是面对否定和置疑时的断言。有维护断言者自身权利的意味。【例】She claimed to be related to the Queen.她声称和女王有亲属关系。 declare指肯定地或强调地说某事,往往是公开地针对相反意见的宣称与判断。【例】She declared that she didn’t want to see him again.她宣称再也不愿见他了。补充下 announce 指当众宣布宣称