光电子英文

日常所说的光（亮）是light光线是ray光亮度brightness阳光sunshine光滑smooth物理学里的光学是optics物理里讲的“光的”是optical物理里的光还可用photo来表示，比如光电子学：photoelectronics

1、light 读音：英 [laɪt]  美 [laɪt]

n. 光；光线；灯；打火机；领悟；浅色；天窗

adj. 轻的；浅色的；明亮的；轻松的；容易的；清淡的

v. 点燃；变亮；照亮 adv. 清楚地；轻便地

例句：I can't read while you are standing in my light.

你挡住了我的光线，我没法看书。

2、lamp 读音：英 [læmp] 美 [læmp]

n. 灯；台灯；油灯；光源

例句：The flower was clearly outlined in the light of the lamp.

花朵在阳光下清晰地显现出轮廓。

3、radiance读音：英 ['reɪdiəns] 美 ['reɪdiəns]

n. 光辉；辐射

例句：The radiance of electric lights radiates from the ceiling.

电灯的光芒从天花板上辐射下来。

4、brightness读音：英 ['braɪtnəs]  美 ['braɪtnəs]

n. 光亮；明亮；聪明

例句：Stars vary in brightness.

星星光亮度不同。

5、ray 读音：英 [reɪ]  美 [reɪ]

n. 光线；射线；辐射  vi. 发光；辐射

vt. 释放射线；用光线装饰  n. [动]鳐

例句：My eyes are blind by the direct ray of light.

在光线的直射下，我看不清楚东西。

IntroductionWhen a metallic surface is exposed to electromagnetic radiation above a certain threshold frequency, the light is absorbed and electrons are emitted. In 1902, Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard observed that the energy of the emitted electrons increased with the frequency, or colour, of the light. This was at odds with James Clerk Maxwell's wave theory of light, which predicted that the energy would be proportional to the intensity of the radiation. In 1905, Einstein solved this paradox by describing light as composed of discrete quanta, now called photons, rather than continuous waves. Based upon Max Planck's theory of black-body radiation, Einstein theorized that the energy in each quantum of light was equal to the frequency multiplied by a constant, later called Planck's constant. A photon above a threshold frequency has the required energy to eject a single electron, creating the observed effect. This discovery lead to the quantum revolution in physics and earned Einstein the Nobel Prize in 1921. ExplanationThe photons of the light beam have a characteristic energy determined by the frequency of the light. In the photoemission process, if an electron absorbs the energy of one photon and has more energy than the work function, it is ejected from the material. If the photon energy is too low, the electron is unable to escape the surface of the material. Increasing the intensity of the light beam does not change the energy of the constituent photons, only the number of photons. Thus the energy of the emitted electrons does not depend on the intensity of the incoming light, but only on the energy of the individual photons.Electrons can absorb energy from photons when irradiated, but they follow an "all or nothing" principle. All of the energy from one photon must be absorbed and used to liberate one electron from atomic binding, or the energy is re-emitted. If the photon energy is absorbed, some of the energy liberates the electron from the atom, and the rest contributes to the electron's kinetic energy as a free particle.Laws of photoelectric emissionFor a given metal and frequency of incident radiation, the rate at which photoelectrons are ejected is directly proportional to the intensity of the incident light. For a given metal, there exists a certain minimum frequency of incident radiation below which no photoelectrons can be emitted. This frequency is called the threshold frequency. Above the threshold frequency, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectron is independent of the intensity of the incident light but depends on the frequency of the incident light. The time lag between the incidence of radiation and the emission of a photoelectron is very small, less than 10-9 second.

是指光束照射在金属表面会使其发射出电子的物理效应，其发射出来的电子称为“光电子”。

In the vigorous development of microelectronic technology, people found that their respective strengths can be used photoelectric to serve our community. Such as lasers, photodetectors, solar cells and other aspects such as the need for optical integration, which is the early opto-electronics. With the development of optoelectronics, people study the full use of light to process information, so born photonics. Therefore, it can be said, first with the opto-electronics, photonics, there has been. The ultimate development will be unified again photoelectric, that a higher level on the opto-electronics. Photonics and electronics are the use of the concept of quantum mechanics, the difference is just a different wavelength.As the photons with electrons do not have many of the features so Photonics has its unique advantages. Especially in the field of information. Such as communications, we are now the majority are used in fiber optic backbone network, the information carrier is light, so the development of photonics technology, will grow vigorously