投资决策英文

The project investment decision-making as the important work, to the most important decisive role on the success or failure of the project, and the decision method is scientific, reasonable is an important guarantee for the investment decision. The significance of this research lies in, through the method of scientific, reasonable, effective, the prophase investment of the project decision-making, so as to reduce the unnecessary loss of the objective, and to maximize the reduction of the risk of loss. This paper research category is the beginning of the project construction, the investment is the most critical part - decision. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, this paper according to "ask questions, solve problems, and the technical route of the research

PM（Project Manager），项目主管或项目经理，主要负责统筹规划项目进度及产品生命，其工作职能直接对公司高层负责。作为项目的管理者，PM通常会参与到一个或多个项目的管理与决策工作中。主要工作要求即在有限的资源约束下，运用系统的观点、方法和理论，对项目涉及的全部工作进行有效地管理。

从项目的投资决策开始到项目结束的全过程进行计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制和评价，以实现项目的目标。

另一种说法指PM项目管理（Project Management），是以项目为对象的系统管理方法，通过一个临时性的、专门的柔性组织，对项目进行高效率的计划、组织、指导和控制，以实现项目全过程的动态管理和项目目标的综合协调与优化。

2.时间制式

PM，拉丁语post meridiem的缩写，意为午后，用于十二小时制。所谓“午后”，即每天的12：00：00～23：59：59时段。

3.绩效管理

所谓绩效管理，是指各级管理者和员工为了达到组织目标共同参与的绩效计划制定、绩效辅导沟通、绩效考核评价、绩效结果应用、绩效目标提升的持续循环过程，绩效管理的目的是持续提升个人、部门和组织的绩效。

4.电源管理

电源管理是指如何将电源有效分配给系统的不同组件。电源管理对于依赖电池电源的移动式设备至关重要。通过降低组件闲置时的能耗，优秀的电源管理系统能够将电池寿命延长两倍或三倍。

电源管理技术也称做电源控制技术，它属于电力电子技术的范畴，是集电力变换，现代电子，网络组建，自动控制等多学科于一体的边缘交叉技术，现今已经广泛应用到工业，能源，交通，信息，航空，国防，教育，文化等诸多领域。

ion as an important work project prophase, is critical to project success and failure play a decisive role, and the scientific and reasonable decision method is an important guarantee of investment decisions. Research significance of this article is, through the scientific, reasonable and effective method of investment decision-making in the early stages of the project, so as to achieve the goal of reducing unnecessary losses, and maximize reduce risk loss. In this paper, the research category is the beginning of the project construction link, also is the most key link - investment decisions. For achieving research purpose, this article according to "ask questions, analyze and solve problems, application, inspection, and concluded that" the technical route of research. In view of the existing in the traditional project investment decision theory research issues need to be improved, on the basis of the review of previous studies, this paper put forward to method of regression analysis and principal component analysis (pca) method and its application to investment decision-making of this complex, subjective decision problem. Through research, this paper argues that principal component analysis and regression analysis method, applied to the project investment decision-making, is feasible and reasonable, it is for the project investment decision-making provides a new method. Predictably, the project investment decision-making the issue will be constant attention, will in the near future to have more reasonable, scientific and simple method can be applied to them. Keywords: investment decisions, principal component analysis (pca), regression analysis, net present value method, the present value index method to evoluate method, statistics

The time value of money in the investment decision-making of The time value of money in our daily lives is a very important and easy to ignore the problem, many enterprises in financial management has also overlooked the problem, many enterprises in financial management has also overlooked the problem, leading to difficulties in business turnover or even bankruptcy. This paper described the concept of the time value of money, causes, calculation methods, and the investment decision-making in the concrete application (with an example), and other issues.

PM是PM项目管理的简写，它的全拼是project management。pm一般指PM项目管理，是以项目为对象的系统管理方法，通过一个临时性的、专门的柔性组织，对项目进行高效率的计划。

PM项目管理的内容有：

1、范围管理：为了实现项目的目标，对项目的工作内容进行控制的管理过程。它包括范围的界定，范围的规划，范围的调整等。

2、时间管理：为了确保项目最终的按时完成的一系列管理过程。它包括具体活动界定，活动排序，时间估计，进度安排及时间控制。

3、成本管理：为了保证完成项目的实际成本、费用不超过预算成本、费用的管理过程。它包括资源的配置，成本、费用的预算以及费用。

参考资料：百度百科-pm

The project investment decision-makingas theimportant work,tothe most important decisive roleonthe success or failure of the project,and thedecisionmethod is scientific,reasonableis an important guarantee for the investmentdecision.The significance of this research lies in,through themethod of scientific,reasonable,effective,the prophase investmentof the projectdecision-making,so as to reduce theunnecessary lossof theobjective,andto maximize the reduction ofthe risk of loss.This paperresearch categoryis the beginningofthe project construction,the investmentis the most critical part-decision.In order to achievethe purpose of the study,this paperaccording to "ask questions,solve problems,andthetechnical routeoftheresearchconclusion"problem,analysis.According to the theoryofthe traditional project investment decisionofthe problems need to be improved,based onthe review of previous studies,we propose the method to combinewith principal componentanalysisandregression method,which is applied to theinvestment decisionof this complex,subjectivedecision making problemin.Through the research,this paperholds that combiningprincipal componentanalysisandregression method,is applied to theinvestmentdecisionto the project,is feasible,reasonable,anew method forprojectinvestment decision.Can foreknow,ProphaseProject Investment Decisionin the hotwill behighly concerned by thepersistent,will in the near futureismorereasonable,scientificmethod,simple andcan be applied tothe.项目投资决策作为项目前期重要工作，对项目成败起到至关重要的决定性作用，而科学、合理的决策方法是投资决策的重要保障。本文的研究意义在于，通过科学、合理、有效的方法，对项目的前期投资进行决策，从而达到减少不必要的损失的目的，并且最大限度的降低风险损失。本文研究范畴是项目建设的开端环节，也是最关键的环节-投资决策。为了顺利实现研究目的，本文按照“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题、应用检验以及得出结论”的技术路线展开研究。针对传统的项目投资决策中存在的理论研究有待完善的问题，本文在回顾前人研究的基础上，提出了以主成分分析法与回归分析法相结合的方法，将其应用到投资决策这个复杂的、主观的决策问题中来。通过研究，本文认为主成分分析法与回归分析法相结合，应用到项目前期投资决策中去，是可行、合理的，它为项目投资决策提供了一个新的方法。可以预见，项目前期投资决策这个热点将会受到持续的高度关注，会在不久的将来有更多的合理、科学、简便的方法可以应用到其中来。望采纳

项目投资决策作为项目前期重要工作，对项目成败起到至关重要的决定性作用，而科学、合理的决策方法是投资决策的重要保障。本文的研究意义在于，通过科学、合理、有效的方法，对项目的前期投资进行决策，从而达到减少不必要的损失的目的，并且最大限度的降低风险损失。本文研究范畴是项目建设的开端环节，也是最关键的环节-投资决策。为了顺利实现研究目的，本文按照“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题、应用检验以及得出结论”的技术路线展开研究。针对传统的项目投资决策中存在的理论研究有待完善的问题，本文在回顾前人研究的基础上，提出了以主成分分析法与回归分析法相结合的方法，将其应用到投资决策这个复杂的、主观的决策问题中来。通过研究，本文认为主成分分析法与回归分析法相结合，应用到项目前期投资决策中去，是可行、合理的，它为项目投资决策提供了一个新的方法。可以预见，项目前期投资决策这个热点将会受到持续的高度关注，会在不久的将来有更多的合理、科学、简便的方法可以应用到其中来。关键词：投资决策，主成分分析法，回归分析法，净现值法，现值指数法，内含报酬率法、统计年鉴Project investment decision as a major work projects, has a crucial and decisive effect on the success or failure of the project, scientific, rational decision-making methods are important guarantees for investment decisions. The significance of this article is that, through scientific, rational and effective way, on project investment decision making, so as to achieve the objective of reducing unnecessary losses and maximize the reduction of risk of loss. This research area is the beginning of project link, and most key categories-investment decisions.In order to achieve a good research purposes, in accordance with this article "ask questions, analyze and solve problems, application testing, and concluded that" technological line of research.For traditional investment decision theory research issues to be perfect, this article in the review on the basis of previous research, presented to principal component analysis and regression analysis method of combining and applies it to the complex, subjective decision making of investment decisions in the past. Through research, this article argues that combining with principal component analysis and regression analysis, applied to the decision of project investment, is feasible and reasonable, it provides a new method for investment decision.Predictably, early stage investment decisions the hotspot will be subject to continuing concern, will in the future be more rational, scientific, easy way to apply to them. Key words: investment decisions, principal component analysis, regression analysis, net present value, present value index method, internal rate law, Statistical Yearbook

一、CAPM的理论意义及作用 （一）CAPM的前提假设 任何经济模型都是对复杂经济问题的有意简化，CAPM也不例外，它的核心假设是将证券市场中所有投资人视为看出初始偏好外都相同的个人，并且资本资产定价模型是在Markowitz均值——方差模型的基础上发展而来，它还继承了证券组合理论的假设。具体来说包括以下几点：证券市场是有效的，即信息完全对称；无风险证券存在，投资者可以自由地按无风险利率借入或贷出资本；投资总风险可以用方差或标准差表示，系统风险可用β系数表示。所有的投资者都是理性的，他们均依据马科威茨证券组合模型进行均值方差分析，作出投资决策；证券加以不征税，也没有交易成本，证券市场是无摩擦的，而现实中往往根据收入的来源（利息、股息和收入等）和金额按政府税率缴税。证券交易要依据交易量的大小和客户的自信交纳手续费、佣金等费用；除了上述这些明确的假设之外。还有如下隐含性假设：每种证券的收益率分布均服从正态分布；交易成本可以忽略不计；每项资产都是无限可分的，这意味着在投资组合中，投资者可持有某种证券的任何一部分。 （二）CAPM理论的内容： 1.CAPM模型的形式。E（Rp）=Rf+β（[（RM）-Rf]其中 β=Cov（Ri，Rm）/Var（Rm） E（Rp）表示投资组合的期望收益率，Rf为无风险报酬率，E（RM）表示市场组合期望收益率，β为某一组合的系统风险系数，CAPM模型主要表示单个证券或投资组合同系统风险收益率之间的关系，也即是单个投资组合的收益率等于无风险收益率与风险溢价的和。 2.理论意义。资本资产定价理论认为，一项投资所要求的必要报酬率取决于以下三个因素：（1）无风险报酬率，即将国债投资（或银行存款）视为无风险投资；（2）市场平均报酬率，即整个市场的平均报酬率，如果一项投资所承担的风险与市场平均风险程度相同，该项报酬率与整个市场平均报酬率相同；（3）投资组合的系统风险系数即β系数，是某一投资组合的风险程度与市场证券组合的风险程度之比。CAPM模型说明了单个证券投资组合的期望受益率与相对风险程度间的关系，即任何资产的期望报酬一定等于无风险利率加上一个风险调整后者相对整个市场组合的风险程度越高，需要得到的额外补偿也就越高。这也是资产定价模型（CAPM）的主要结果。 3.CAPM理论的主要作用。CAPM理论是现代金融理论的核心内容，他的作用主要在于：通过预测证券的期望收益率和标准差的定量关系来考虑已经上市的不同证券价格的“合理性”；可以帮助确定准备上市证券的价格；能够估计各种宏观和宏观经济变化对证券价格的影响。 由于CAPM从理论上说明在有效率资产组合中，β描述了任一项资产的系统风险（非系统风险已经在分化中相互抵消掉了），任何其他因素所描述的风险尽为β所包容。并且模型本身要求存在一系列严格的假设条件，所以CAPM模型存在理论上的抽象和对现实经济的简化，与一些实证经验不完全符合，但它仍被推崇为抓住了证券市场本质的经典经济模型。鉴于CAPM的这些优势，虽然我国股市和CAPM的假设条件有相当的差距，但没有必要等到市场发展到某种程度再来研究CAPM在我国的实际应用问题，相反，充分利用CAPM较强的逻辑性、实用性，通过对市场的实证分析和理论研究，有利于发现问题，推动我国股市的发展。

the use of currency time value in investment decision

The problem of the time value of currency in our daily life is very important and easily to be ignored. Ignoring this problem in investment, many enterprises may have difficulties in turnover and even be bankrupt. In this thesis, the concept of the time value of money, causes, calculation methods and the concrete application in the investment decision-making (with an example) and other issues.