1.A by profession 在职业上,就职业来说。例句:He was an electrician by profession.他的职业是电工。2.B render 使变得,使成为,使处于某一种状态。其后带双宾。cause只有导致的意思,后面只跟一个宾语。3.A identify(also informal):to recognize sb/sth and be able to say who or what they are.确认,认出,鉴定。 recognize:to know who sb is or what sth is when you see or hear them,because you have seen or heard them before.认识,认出,辨别出这两个词的字面解释几乎是一样的,但是recognize后面却有条件,必须是当你看见或听到时,而且,你之前还曾看过或听过。由于题目中写到at first sight 所以选的是identify。4.B with a view to doing sth 为了,指望。这是固定短语。5.我们突然意识到,在我们居住的小飞船上,它的乘客的数量大约每40年就翻一番。6.A camping equipment野营设备 facilities:building,services,equipment,etc.that are provided for a particular purpose. 如:sports/leisure/shopping/conference facilities等等。7.A wrench:猛拉,猛扭,猛拧 contest:争取赢得(比赛,选举等) 其他两项意思不对8.A undergo 经历,遭遇。 withstand 抵挡,经得起。 根据句意,应该是经历。以上解释、例句源于牛津辞典。