天使之懿727
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1简单句、并列句、复合句根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。1简单句句型：主语+谓语只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型，详见第十七章。They are playing baseball in the garden.他们正在公园里打棒球。Her brother and sister both are teachers.她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。2并列句句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句(常见的并列连词有and，but，or)并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。My friend was at home， and we talked for along time.我的朋友在家，我们谈了好长时间。Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.她父亲是个医生，她母亲是个老师。I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事，可是李明却对它不感兴趣。Hurry up，or you'll be late.快点，否则你就会迟到的。3 复合句句型：主句+连词+从句;或连词+从句+主句(包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。)
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1. There be结构
there be结构和have has结构翻译成汉语都是“有”的意思，但含义不同。have (has)表示“某人拥有某物”，there be而结构表示“某人或某物存在于某地或某时”。
There are some apple trees in the garden.
We have some apple trees in the garden.
there be结构中的动词动词与后面的主语在数的方面保持一致。如果句中的主语是并列主语，即有两个或两个以上的人或物作主语，那么一般说来动词的数应与第一个主语的数保持一致。如：
There is a green apple and two oranges in the fruit bowl.
There are two oranges and a green apple in the fruit bowl.
2. I think he is very old.
(1)否定句
一些表示个看法的动词，如等引导宾语从句时，如果从句为否定句，那么否定形式应该表现在主句中，即否定这些动词本身。如：
I don’t think he is very old.
I didn’t think Wang Hai would enter for the high jump.
(2)反意疑问句
这些动词带有宾语从句构成反意疑问句时，根据主句主语的不同可分为两种情况：当主语是第一人称时，则缩略问句应与宾语从句的主、谓保持一致，但如果主句表现为否定为形式时，缩略问句要用肯定形式;当主句的主语是第二或第三人称时，缩略问句应该与主句保持一致。如：
I don’t think he has finished the work, has he?
You think my brother told a lie yesterday, don’t you?
3. That’s right. That’s all right. All right.
“That’s right.”表示“对、正确”。一般在对话中用于肯定对方的回答或表示赞同对方的说法。 “That’s all right.”是回答感谢话或道歉话的`用语，意思是“没关系，不用谢”，相当于“You are welcome”、“That’s OK”或“Not at all”“All right”一般用于同意别人的请求，是“好的、可以”的意思。如：
A: I think the correct answer is two. B: That’s right.
A: I am sorry I left your notebook at home. B: That’s all right.
4. He’s up there in the tree with Bill.
这句话的主语是“he”，“with Bill”不是主语，而是表示一种伴随状态，所以请注意谓语要和主语在数和人称称保持一致。一般在句子中我们经常用“with+名词”这种结构表示“有、带着或伴随着”的意思。如：
He went to the concert with me.=He and I went to the concert.
She answered me with a smile.
He went to sleep with the bedroom light on.
5. It’s time…
这一句型用来表示“是.....的时间了，该.....了”。一般有以下几种形式：
(1) It’s time to +动词原形
(2) It’s time for sb. +动词原形
(3) It’s time for +名词
如：It’s time to go to school.=It’s time for school.
It’s time for us to go to school.
6. What’s wrong with you?
这句话的意思是“你怎么了?”，既可表示问身体有什么不舒服，也可以表示问出了什么事，介词后还可以跟物品名称，表示问某样东西怎么了(是否出了什么毛病)。与其类似的句型还有：“What’s the matter with…? / What’s the trouble with…?”这三个句型在使用时要注意wrong是形容词，所以在它有前面不加冠词，而matter和trouble都是名词，在它们前面要加定冠词。如
What’s wrong with Bill?
What’s the matter (the trouble) with Bill?
7. They looked like saucers.
在本句中like是个介词，解释是“像.......”，常和动词be或look连用。请注意不要错把它当成动词“喜欢”。
8. You had better come early next time.
此句中的had better是一种习惯用法,意思是“最好…”成,一般用来表示向别人提建议或劝告.这一句经常可以与祈使句或带有情态动词should的句子进行替换.在使用had better时请注意以下几点: (1)它没有人称、时态和数量的变化。(2)它的后面只能跟动词原型。(3)它的否定式为had better not，后面同样只能跟动词原型在疑问句中，通常是把had提到主语之前。如
We had better not go fishing on such a windy day.
9. be + adj. + (for somebody) to do (something)
在此句型中谓语动词一般不用被动语态。同时请注意动词不定式都有动宾关系，因此如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，那么它的后面一定加上适当的介词。
The problem is not very difficult for me to work out.
10. I hope… / I wish…
Hope与wish都可以解释为“希望”，但它们所表达的意思和用法都有所不同。在意思上Hope所表达的愿望是比较实际的，是可能实现的，而wish所表达的是不太可能实现的梦想,所以wish引导的宾语从句大多用虚拟的语气。在用法上它们的唏不完全相同，区别在于wish可以用于wish sb. to do,而hope没有这种用法。：,
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一.初中英语写作重点句型
1.不用说……
It goes without saying that…
=(It is)needless to say(that)….
=It is obvious that….
例：It goes without saying that it pays off to keep early hours.
不用说早睡早起是值得的。
2.在各种……之中，……
Among various kinds of…,…/=Of all the……
例︰Among various kinds of sports,I like jogging in particular.
在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。
3.就我的看法……;我认为……
In my opinion,…
=To my mind,….
=As far as I am concerned,…
=I am of the opinion that….
例：In my opinion,playing video games not only takes much time but isalso harmful to health.
在我看来，玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。
4.随着人口的增加……With theincrease/growth of the population,…
随着科技的进步……With the advance of science and technology,…
例：With the rapid development of Taiwan’s economy,a lot ofsocial problems have come to pass.
随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。
5.……是必要的It isnecessary(for sb.)to do/that…
……是重要的It is important/essential(for sb.)to do/that…
……是适当的It is proper(for sb.)to do/that…
……是紧急的It is urgent(for sb.)to do/that…
例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.
=It is proper that we(should)keep thepublic places clean.
我们应当保持公共场所清洁。
6.花费spend…on sth./doing sth.…
例：We shouldn’t spend too much time on something we aren’t interestedin.
我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间。
7.how引导的感叹句
例：At least it will prove how honest you are.
那至少可以证明你很诚实。
8.状语从句
⑴如果你不…，你就会…If you don’t...,you’ll...
例︰If you don’t keep working hard,you’ll lose the chance.
如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。
⑵如此……，以至于……so…that…
例：At that moment,I was so upset that I wanted to give up.
当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。
⑶每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear…,I cannot but feel excited.
每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤。Whenever I do…,I cannot but feel sad.
每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of…,I cannot but feel nervous.
每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with…,I cannot but feel frightened.
每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see…,I cannot but feel surprised.
例：Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home,I cannot but feelsad.
=Every time I think of the clean brooknear my home,I cannot help feeling sad.
每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。
9.宾语从句
我认为，……/我认为……不......I think/I don’t think that…
我想知道是否……I wonder whether…
例：He doesn’t think I should stop him joining the club.
他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。
10.Since S过去式,S现在完成式.
例：Since he went to senior high school,he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中，他就一直很用功。
二.重点句型
1.It’s adj for sb to do做…对某人来说…
2.…so/such…that…如此…以至于…
…too…to do...太…而不能…
3.not…until…直到…才…
例:I didn’t go to bed until my mother came back.
4.The reason why句子is that句子…的原因是…
The reason why he got angry was that shetold him a lie.
他生气的原因是她对他说了谎。
5.That is why句子那是…的.原因
6.That is because句子那是因为…
7.It is said that句子据说…
It is reported that句子据报道…
8.There is no doubt that句子毫无疑问…
9.It goes without saying that句子不言而喻，毫无疑问
10.There is no need to do没必要做…
11.There is no point in doing做某事毫无意义
三.话题句型
1.提建议
had better(not)do最好(不)做
how about/what about doing…怎么样?
I think you should do我认为你应该…
I suggest that you should do我建议你做…
If I were you,I would do…我要是你的话，我会做…
It’s best to do最好做…
Why not do/why don’t you do…?为什么不…
2.表示喜欢和感兴趣
like/love doing
enjoy doing
be fond of doing喜欢做…
be keen on n/doing喜欢做…
prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A也不愿做B
be interested in doing=show/take greatinterest in n/doing对...感兴趣
3..努力做…
try to do努力做…
strive to do努力做…
try one’s best to do=do one’s best to do竭尽全力做…
make efforts to do=make every effort todo尽力做…
do what sb can(do)to do尽力做…
spare no effort to do不遗余力的做…
do what/everything sb.can to do尽某人全力做…
4.打算做…/计划做…
intend/plan to do打算做…
be going to do打算/计划做…
decide to do决定做…
determine to do决定做…
be determined to do决定做…
make up one’s mind to do下定决心做…
5.表示想/希望
want to do=would like to do想做…
hope to do希望做…
expect to do期待着做…
wish to do希望做…
consider doing考虑做…
6.只加doing作宾语的动词
finish/practice/suggest/consider/mind/enjoy doing
四、固定搭配
look forward to doing盼望做…
keep on doing坚持做…
dream of doing梦想做…
can’t help doing情不自禁地做…
keep/stop/prevent sb.from doing阻止某人做…
be busy(in)doing=be busy with名词忙于做…
spend time/money(in)doing
=spend time/money on名词花费时间做…
have fun/have a good time/enjoy oneselfdoing玩得开心
have trouble/have problem/havedifficulty(in)doing
=have trouble/have problem/havedifficulty=with名词做…有困难
五.常用过渡语
1.表起始的过渡语:
first of all,to begin with,in my opinion,according to,so far,as far as等.
2.表时间的过渡语:
first,at first,then,later,in the end,finally,afterwards,after that,since then,for the first time,at last,assoon as,the next moment,meanwhile,later on,soon,finally等.
3.表空间的过渡语:
on the right/left,to the right/left of,onone side of…on the other side of…,at the foot/top/end of,in the middle/centre of,next to,farfrom,in front of等.
4.表因果的过渡语:
for,because of,one reason is that…anotherreason is that…,thus,so,as a result(of)等.
5.表转折的过渡语:
but,yet,however,after all,in fact,while,on the contrary,instead of,unlike,although,otherwise,nevertheless,in spite of,after all等.
1．I think…意为我认为……，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…，如：
I think he’s Mr Zhinag. I don’t think you are right.
2．give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为把……给……，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb. 如：His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.
3．take sb./ sth. to…意为把……(送)带到……，后常接地点，也可接人。如：Please take the new books to the classroom.
4．One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为一个是……；另一个是……，必须是两者中。如：One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red,, the other is grey.
5．Let sb. do sth. 意为让某人做某事，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Don’t let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同， 前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，如：Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.
6．help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为帮助某人做某事，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换。如：
Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.
7．What about…？/How about…？意为……怎么样？是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。如：
What/How playing chess?
8．It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为该做……的时间了，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如：
It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper.
9．like to do sth./like doing sth.意为喜欢做某事，如：
Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)
前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，试比较：
Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.
10．ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为让某人(不要)做某事，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，如：
Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)
11．show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为把某物给某人看，该句型的用法同前面第2点。如：
Show your friend your family photo.（L36）/Show your family photo to your friend.
12．introduce sb. to sb. 意为把某人介绍给另一人；introduce to sb.则是向某人作介绍。如：
Introduce your family to her. （L37）
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一、五种简单句基本句型1.“主语 + 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明“某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析：“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。2.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。例：I study English.分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。3.“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”，或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。4.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。例： He asked her to go there.分析：“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。5.“主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。常用的系动词有be, keep，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。例： I am a teacher. 我是一名老师分析：“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。二、句子成分名词解释1.主语：句子所陈述的对象。2.谓语：主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。3. 宾语：分为动词宾语和介词宾语，属于动作的承受者。4. 系动词：表示状态或状态变化的动词，没有实际的动作意义。如 be, 感官系动词（look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel）、保持类系动词（keep, stay 和 remain）、状态变化类系动词（become、get、turn 和 go）等。5. 表语：紧跟系动词后面的成分。6. 定语：修饰名词或代词的成分。7. 状语： 修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。8. 补语：分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明，与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。例如：You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（You是主语， should keep是谓语，the room是宾语，clean and tidy是宾语补足语。）This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。（This kind of food是主语， tastes是系动词， delicious是表语。）注意：主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分；定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分。
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