明朝英文介绍

中国历史，从夏朝算起，有近4100年历史；从中国第一个统一的朝代秦朝算起，约有2241年。

The history of China is nearly 4100 years from the Xia Dynasty and 2241 years from the Qin Dynasty, the first unified dynasty in China.

史前时期的有巢氏 、燧人氏 、伏羲氏 、神农氏(炎帝) 、黄帝(轩辕氏)  被尊为中华人文始祖  。约公元前2070年，夏朝出现；商朝时出现了已知中国最早的成熟文字—甲骨文；西周时社会进一步发展，春秋战国时生产力提高，思想百家争鸣。

In prehistoric times, Youchao, Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong (Yandi) and Huangdi (Xuanyuan) were regarded as the ancestors of Chinese culture. In 2070 BC, Xia Dynasty appeared; in Shang Dynasty, oracle bone inscriptions, the earliest mature writing in China,

appeared; in Western Zhou Dynasty, society developed further, productivity increased in spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, and a hundred schools of thought contend.

公元前221年，秦始皇建立了中国历史上第一个中央集权封建国家—秦朝；西汉与东汉时进一步巩固和发展了大一统的局面，汉字基本定型。三国两晋南北朝时期，中国进入分裂割据局面。

In 221 B.C., Qin Shihuang established the first centralized feudal state in Chinese history Qin Dynasty; the western and Eastern Han Dynasties further consolidated and developed the situation of great unification, and the Chinese characters were basically shaped.

During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the southern and Northern Dynasties, China entered a situation of separatist regime.

隋唐五代时期，经济繁荣、科技发展，文化影响广泛。武周时期，因“大周万国颂德天枢”的营建而使国际地位达到顶峰。辽宋夏金元时期，多元文化交融，经济、科技发展到新的高度。明朝时，经济取得发展，明末江南地区出现“资本主义萌芽”；清朝前期奠定了中国今天的疆域。

During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, economic prosperity, scientific and Technological Development and cultural influence were widespread. During the Wuzhou period, the international status reached its peak because of the construction of "the great Zhou Wanguo praises the virtue of Tianshu".

In the period of Liao, song, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, multi-cultural integration, economy, science and technology developed to a new height. In the Ming Dynasty, the economy developed, and "capitalist sprouts" appeared in Jiangnan area in the late Ming Dynasty; in the early Qing Dynasty, China's territory today was established.

扩展资料

根据历史文献和考古物证，可将中国历史（炎黄文明）划分为十个纪：

炎黄、虞夏、商周、齐楚、秦汉；

魏晋、隋唐、宋元、明清、共和。

一、炎黄纪：以仰韶文化为代表，约两千四百年（公元前五十至前二十六世纪）。以农业社会、母系社会末期、铜石并用时代、父系社会初期为准。炎黄纪已经出现私有制、商业、战争、奴隶。

二、虞夏纪：以龙山文化、齐家文化为代表，约一千年（公元前二十六至前十六世纪）。二里头文化兜底：以青铜器时代初期、双轮车、城市、文字等古文明标志为准。传说时代的颛顼、帝喾、尧、舜、禹或可研究纳入本时代故事集。

三、商周纪：青铜器时代中期，分封制中期，以殷墟、甲骨文为典型代表。成汤灭夏、武王伐纣、国人暴动为本时代三部曲。约八百年。

5分太少，相当于提问的难度来说

A Brief Chinese Chronology 夏Xia DynastyC.2100－C.1600 B.C. 商Shang DynastyC.1600－C.1100 B.C. 周Zhou Dynasty －西周Western Zhou DynastyC.1100－771 B.C. －东周Eastern Zhou dynasty770－256 B.C. －春秋Spring and Autumn period770－476 B.C. －战国Warring States475－221 B.C. 秦Qin Dynasty221－206 B.C. 汉Han Dynasty －西汉Western Han206 B.C.－24 A.D. －东汉Eastern Han25－220 A.D. 三国Three Kingdoms －魏Wei220－265 －蜀汉Shu Han221－263 吴Wu222－280 西晋Western Jin Dynasty265－316 东晋Eastern Jin Dynasty317－420 南北朝Northern and Southern Dynasty －南朝Southern Dynasty －－宋Song420－479 －－齐Qi479－502 －－梁Liang502－557 －－陈Chen557－589 －北朝Northern Dynasty －－北魏Northern Wei386－534 －－东魏Eastern Wei534－550 －－北齐Northern Qi550－577 －－西魏Western Wei535－556 －－北周Northern Zhou557－581 隋Sui Dynasty581－618 唐Tang Dynasty618－907 五代Five Dynasties －后梁Later Liang907－923 －后唐Later Tang923－936 －后晋Later Jin936－946 －后汉Later Han947－950 －后周Later Zhou951－960 宋Song Dynasty －北宋Northern Song Dynasty960－1127 －南宋Southern Song Dynasty1127－1279 辽Liao Dynasty916－1125 金Jin Dynasty1115－1234 元Yuan Dynasty1271－1368 明Ming Dynasty1368－1644 清Qing Dynasty1644－1911 中华民国Republic of China1912－1949 中华人民共和国People’s Republic of China1949－ *C.:Century 世纪 B.C.:Before Christ 公元前 A.D.:Anno Domini 公元

1344年到1644年这三百年间关于明朝的一些事情，以史料为基础，以年代和具体人物为主线，并加入了小说的笔法，对明朝十七帝和其他王公权贵和小人物的命运进行全景展示，尤其对官场政治、战争、帝王心术着墨最多，并加入对当时政治经济制度、人伦道德的演义。Based on the history of Ming dynasty from year 1344 to 1644, introduced the novel style with the mainline of age and the specific characters.The novel intensively shows the destiny of 17 emperors , the nobilities and the key characters, especially on the politics , the battles and emperors' intentions, commented on the economic systems and the bioethics. 纯手工翻译，希望能满意！

一、秦朝

Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China developed by the Qin State in the Warring States Period.

译文：秦朝（前221—前207）是由战国时期的秦国发展起来的中国历史上第一个大一统王朝，秦人的祖先大费是黄帝之孙颛顼的后裔，舜赐其嬴姓。

二、汉朝

Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago, 25-220 years ago) was a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty. It was mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty.

译文：汉朝（前202年-8年,25年-220年）是继秦朝之后的大一统王朝，主要分为西汉、东汉时期，共历29帝，享国四百零五年。

三、晋朝

Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty (266-420 years), a dynasty in Chinese history, was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

译文：晋朝（266年－420年），中国历史上的朝代，上承三国下启南北朝，分为西晋与东晋两个时期，其中西晋为中国历史上大一统王朝之一，东晋则属于六朝之一，两晋共传十五帝，共一百五十五年。

四、隋朝

Sui Dynasty

The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 619) was a unified dynasty in Chinese history, which inherited the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty.

译文：隋朝（581年—618年或619年）是中国历史上承南北朝下启唐朝的大一统朝代。

五、唐朝

1、Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a unified Central Plains Dynasty after the Sui Dynasty. It had twenty-one emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years.

译文：唐朝（618年—907年），是继隋朝之后的大一统中原王朝，共历二十一帝，享国二百八十九年。

扩展资料：

中国历史（中国区域范围内的历史）

中国历史是指中国从中华文明产生到现在的历史。中国历史悠久，自黄帝部落的姬轩辕（也称公孙轩辕）时期算起约有5000年；从三皇五帝算起约有4600年；自夏朝算起约有近4100年；从中国第一次大统一的中央集权制的秦朝算起约有2240年。

中国历经多次政权演变和朝代更迭，也曾是世界上最强大的国家，经济、文化、科技世界瞩目。中国史前时期炎黄二帝被尊奉为中华民族的人文始祖。

约公元前2070年，中国最早的国家夏朝出现。东周推进了生产力发展和社会变革，思想上形成百家争鸣的局面。公元前221年，秦始皇建立了中国历史上第一个统一的专制主义中央集权帝国—秦朝，西汉进一步巩固和发展了大一统的局面。

三国两晋南北朝时，中国陷入分裂割据局面，五胡乱华期间，异族融于中国趋势加强，诸多民族在分立政权的冲突中逐渐汇聚。隋唐时期，中央与边疆少数民族联系更为密切，经济繁荣、科技文化高度发展。

宋元时期，多元文化碰撞交融，经济、科技发展到新的高度。明朝鼎盛时期，社会经济高度发展，明末在江南地区出现资本主义萌芽。

19世纪中期，鸦片战争后中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会。1911年辛亥革命，推翻了帝制，确立了共和政体。袁世凯死后，中国进入军阀割据混乱时期。

后经国民大革命，土地革命，抗日战争以及解放战争，终于在1949年成立中华人民共和国。又经1966年到1976年的文化大革命。1978年后中国开始实行改革开放政策，中国经济快速发展，2011年中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。

参考资料来源：百度百科-中国历史

一、秦朝

1、Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China developed by the Qin State in the Warring States Period.

The ancestors of the Qin Dynasty were descendants of Huangdi's Sun Juan-xuan, and Shun gave him his surname. In the time of Emperor Qin Mugong, Ren Xian was an envoy.

he was modest in admonishing, he destroyed the country twelve times, opened the ground thousands of miles, and his national strength was growing. In the first 361 years,.

the Emperor Xiaogong of Qin succeeded to the throne and made use of Shang Yang's two reforms, which made the economy of the Qin State develop.

and the army's fighting capacity continue to strengthen and become the richest and strongest vassal state in the later Warring States Period.

The Qin government successively destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, and accomplished the great cause of reunification. In 221 years ago.

the government of Qin Kingdom was called emperor, and the history of Qin Shihuang was called emperor.

The Qin Dynasty set up three princes and Nine Emperors in the central government to manage state affairs; abolished the feudal system at the local level.

replaced by the county system; and implemented the system of books and articles, cars and rails, and unified weights and measures.

To attack the Huns in the north and Hundreds of Vietnamese in the south, to build the Great Wall to resist foreign enemies, and to dig Lingqu to open up the water system.

The establishment of centralized power system has laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2000 years and laid the foundation for the rule of the Great Unity Dynasty in China.

Therefore, it is called "the Qin Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty are the capital of the hundred dynasties".

The Qin Dynasty ended the five hundred years since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first centralized state with multi-ethnic integration in Chinese history.

It has exerted a far-reaching influence on Chinese history. In the first 210 years, Qin Shihuang died of illness in the sand dunes during his cruise (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province).

His son Hu Hai ascended the throne and was the second Qin Dynasty. Although the Qin Dynasty had great influence in history, it abused the people's power and unified only for more than ten years.

In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang chopped wood as soldiers and rose to the top. The world responded.

Liu Bang and Xiang Yu jointly fought against the Qin Dynasty in the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers. In the first 207 years, Qin died.

2、中文翻译

秦朝（前221—前207）是由战国时期的秦国发展起来的中国历史上第一个大一统王朝，秦人的祖先大费是黄帝之孙颛顼的后裔，舜赐其嬴姓。

秦穆公时，任贤使能，虚心纳谏，灭国十二，开地千里，国力日盛。前361年，秦孝公继位，重用商鞅两次变法，使秦国的经济得到发展，军队战斗力不断加强，发展成为战国后期最富强的诸侯国。

秦王政先后灭韩、赵、魏、楚、燕、齐，完成统一大业。前221年，秦王政称帝，史称“秦始皇”。

秦朝在中央设三公九卿，管理国家大事；地方上废除分封制，代以郡县制；实行书同文、车同轨、统一度量衡。对外北击匈奴，南征百越，筑长城以拒外敌，凿灵渠以通水系。

中央集权制度的建立，奠定中国2000余年政治制度基本格局，奠定中国大一统王朝的统治基础，故称“百代都行秦政法” 。

秦朝结束了自春秋战国以来五百年来诸侯分裂割据的局面，成为中国历史上第一个多民族共融的中央集权制国家。

对中国历史产生了深远影响。前210年，秦始皇巡游途中病死于沙丘（今河北省广宗县西北）。其子胡亥即位，为秦二世。

秦王朝虽在历史上拥有巨大影响，但滥用民力，统一仅十余年。前209年，陈胜、吴广斩木为兵，揭竿而起，天下响应，刘邦、项羽起兵江淮共抗秦。前207年，秦亡。

二、汉朝

1、Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago, 25-220 years ago) was a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty. It was mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty.

After overthrowing the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang was crowned King of the Han Dynasty. In 202 B.C., after the victory of the Chu-Han struggle, the emperor established the Han Dynasty.

historically known as the Western Han Dynasty, and Dingdu Chang'an. Emperor Wendi of Han Dynasty and Emperor Jingdi of Han Dynasty carried out the national policy of recuperation.

health and rest to create the rule of Wen Jing; Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty opened up silk road and exploited land to achieve the "prosperity of Han Wu" after taking office.

and the national strength reached its peak in the period of Emperor Xuandi of HanDynasty.

In 8 AD, Wang Mang abolished the late emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and Dingdu Chang'an was known as the New Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty perished.

In 25 AD, after Liu Xiu unified the world, he still used the Han Dynasty as the national name and was historically called the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Luoyang, the capital of Dingdu, was called "Guangwu Zhongxing" after unification of the world.

Emperor Hanming and Emperor Hanzhang followed the light and humble Fu to create "Mingzhang Zhi".

Emperor Hanhe broke through the Northern Huns and recovered the Western Regions after succession to the throne, creating "Yongyuan Long", and the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak.

The Yellow Towel Uprising broke out in 184 A.D., but the suppression of civil unrest led to local self-respect.

After the Dong Zhuo Rebellion, the name of the Eastern Han Dynasty survived. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty perished.

After Liu Bei established Shuhan to continue the Han Dynasty, China entered the Three Kingdoms Period.

2、中文翻译

汉朝（前202年-8年,25年-220年）是继秦朝之后的大一统王朝，主要分为西汉、东汉时期，共历29帝，享国四百零五年。

秦末天下大乱，刘邦在推翻秦朝后被封为汉王。公元前202年，楚汉之争获胜后称帝建立汉朝，史称西汉；定都长安。汉文帝、汉景帝推行休养生息国策开创“文景之治”。

汉武帝即位后开辟丝路、攘夷拓土成就“汉武盛世”；至汉宣帝时期国力达到极盛。公元8年，王莽废西汉末帝，定都常安，史称新朝，西汉灭亡。

公元25年，刘秀统一天下后，仍沿用汉作为国号，史称东汉。定都洛阳 ，统一天下后息兵养民，史称“光武中兴”；汉明帝、汉章帝沿袭轻徭薄赋，开创“明章之治”。

汉和帝继位后大破北匈奴、收复西域，开创“永元之隆” ，东汉国力达到极盛[。公元184年爆发黄巾起义，虽剿灭民乱却导致地方拥兵自重，董卓之乱后东汉名存实亡。公元220年曹丕篡汉，东汉灭亡。

三、晋朝

1、Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty (266-420 years), a dynasty in Chinese history, was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

The Western Jin Dynasty was one of the unified dynasties in Chinese history, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the six dynasties.

There were fifteen emperors in the two Jin Dynasties, for a total of one hundred and fifty-five years.

Sima Yan usurped the Wei Dynasty in 266 AD. His name was Jin and his capital was Luoyang.

He was historically called the Western Jin Dynasty. In 280 AD, he destroyed Wu and achieved unification.

After the Eight Kings'Rebellion and Yongjia's disaster, the national situation gradually declined. In 316, the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the northern barbarians.

and the North was in chaos. Historically, it was called the "Five Hu Hua". In 317, Jinshi went south, Sima Rui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jianye.

and the Eastern Jin Dynasty had many Northern Expeditions. It was temporarily consolidated after the battle between Eastern Jin Dynasty and Fengshui Pre-Qin Dynasty in 383.

During the Jin Dynasty, Wuhu moved to the Central Plains, strengthened ethnic integration, moved from the north to the south.

2、中文翻译

晋朝（266年－420年），中国历史上的朝代，上承三国下启南北朝，分为西晋与东晋两个时期，其中西晋为中国历史上大一统王朝之一，东晋则属于六朝之一，两晋共传十五帝，共一百五十五年。

公元266年司马炎篡魏，建国号为晋，定都洛阳，史称西晋，公元280年灭吴，完成统一。后经历八王之乱和永嘉之祸，国势渐衰，316年西晋被北方蛮族灭亡，北方陷于混乱，史称五胡乱华。

317年，晋室南渡，司马睿在建邺建立东晋，东晋曾多次北伐。383年东晋与前秦淝水之战后得到暂时巩固。

四、隋朝

1、Sui Dynasty

The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 619) was a unified dynasty in Chinese history, which inherited the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty.

In February 581, the Jingdi Chan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty gave way to Yang Jian, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty collapsed. Yang Jian's national name is "Sui Dynasty".

Dingdu Daxing City (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). In 589, the Chen Dynasty was destroyed in the South and China was unified.

ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. In 605 AD, after Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty assumed the throne.

Yuwenkai was ordered to build Tokyo and move the capital of Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) in the same year.

During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, people's livelihood was prosperous, people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and politics was clear and bright.

which created a prosperous situation of the rule of emperor. During the reign of Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was built through the north and the south.

However, because of the excessive consumption of national power, it led to the people's revolt and noble rebellion in the late Sui Dynasty.

2、中文翻译

隋朝（581年—618年或619年）是中国历史上承南北朝下启唐朝的大一统朝代。

公元581年二月，北周静帝禅让于杨坚，北周覆亡。杨坚定国号为“隋”，定都大兴城（今陕西西安）。公元589年南下灭陈朝，统一中国，结束了自西晋末年以来长达近300年的分裂局面。

公元605年，隋炀帝即位后，令宇文恺营建东京，同年下诏迁都洛阳（今河南洛阳）。隋文帝在位年间社会民生富庶、人民安居乐业、政治清明，开创了开皇之治繁荣局面。

五、唐朝

1、Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a unified Central Plains Dynasty after the Sui Dynasty. It had twenty-one emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world rose together. In 617, Li Yuan, the Tang Emperor, set up the Tang Dynasty in Jinyang. The next year, he called the Emperor Chang'an.

Tang Taizong initiated Zhenguan Zhi after he succeeded to the throne. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the rule of Yonghui.

In 690, Wu Zetian, with the Tang Dynasty of Zhou Dynasty and Luoyang as the capital of Dingdu, was known as Wuzhou in history.

He created a situation of "inheriting Zhengguan from the past and opening up Yuan from the next", which laid a foundation for the emergence of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

In 705, after the Shenlong Revolution, Tang Zhongzong restored the title of Tang Dynasty. Tang Xuanzong inaugurated the flourishing era of Wanbang's coming to dynasty.

Tianbaomei has a population of about 80 million. After the Anshi Rebellion, Fanzhen's separatist regime and eunuch's autocratic power led to the decline of national power.

2、中文翻译

唐朝（618年—907年），是继隋朝之后的大一统中原王朝，共历二十一帝，享国二百八十九年。

隋末天下群雄并起，617年，唐国公李渊于晋阳起兵，次年于长安称帝建立唐朝。唐太宗继位后开创了贞观之治。

唐高宗承贞观遗风开创永徽之治。690年，武则天以周代唐，定都洛阳，史称武周，开创了“上承贞观，下启开元”的治世局面，为盛唐的出现奠定了基础。

705年，神龙革命之后，唐中宗恢复唐朝国号。 唐玄宗即位后开创了万邦来朝的开元盛世。 天宝末全国人口达八千万左右。

参考资料来源：百度百科——秦朝

参考资料来源：百度百科——汉朝

参考资料来源：百度百科——晋朝

参考资料来源：百度百科——隋朝

参考资料来源：百度百科——唐朝

一、唐朝

1、Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a unified Central Plains Dynasty after the Sui Dynasty. It had twenty-one emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world rose together. In 617, Li Yuan, the Tang Emperor, set up the Tang Dynasty in Jinyang. The next year, he called the Emperor Chang'an.

Tang Taizong initiated Zhenguan Zhi after he succeeded to the throne. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the rule of Yonghui.

In 690, Wu Zetian, with the Tang Dynasty of Zhou Dynasty and Luoyang as the capital of Dingdu, was known as Wuzhou in history.

He created a situation of "inheriting Zhengguan from the past and opening up Yuan from the next", which laid a foundation for the emergence of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

In 705, after the Shenlong Revolution, Tang Zhongzong restored the title of Tang Dynasty. Tang Xuanzong inaugurated the flourishing era of Wanbang's coming to dynasty.

Tianbaomei has a population of about 80 million. After the Anshi Rebellion, Fanzhen's separatist regime and eunuch's autocratic power led to the decline of national power.

2.中文翻译

唐朝（618年—907年），是继隋朝之后的大一统中原王朝，共历二十一帝，享国二百八十九年。

隋末天下群雄并起，617年，唐国公李渊于晋阳起兵，次年于长安称帝建立唐朝。唐太宗继位后开创了贞观之治。

唐高宗承贞观遗风开创永徽之治。690年，武则天以周代唐，定都洛阳，史称武周，开创了“上承贞观，下启开元”的治世局面，为盛唐的出现奠定了基础。

705年，神龙革命之后，唐中宗恢复唐朝国号。 唐玄宗即位后开创了万邦来朝的开元盛世。 天宝末全国人口达八千万左右。

二、秦朝

1、Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China developed by the Qin State in the Warring States Period.

The ancestors of the Qin Dynasty were descendants of Huangdi's Sun Juan-xuan, and Shun gave him his surname. In the time of Emperor Qin Mugong, Ren Xian was an envoy.

he was modest in admonishing, he destroyed the country twelve times, opened the ground thousands of miles, and his national strength was growing. In the first 361 years,.

the Emperor Xiaogong of Qin succeeded to the throne and made use of Shang Yang's two reforms, which made the economy of the Qin State develop.

and the army's fighting capacity continue to strengthen and become the richest and strongest vassal state in the later Warring States Period.

The Qin government successively destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, and accomplished the great cause of reunification. In 221 years ago.

the government of Qin Kingdom was called emperor, and the history of Qin Shihuang was called emperor.

The Qin Dynasty set up three princes and Nine Emperors in the central government to manage state affairs; abolished the feudal system at the local level.

replaced by the county system; and implemented the system of books and articles, cars and rails, and unified weights and measures.

To attack the Huns in the north and Hundreds of Vietnamese in the south, to build the Great Wall to resist foreign enemies, and to dig Lingqu to open up the water system.

The establishment of centralized power system has laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2000 years and laid the foundation for the rule of the Great Unity Dynasty in China.

Therefore, it is called "the Qin Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty are the capital of the hundred dynasties".

The Qin Dynasty ended the five hundred years since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first centralized state with multi-ethnic integration in Chinese history.

It has exerted a far-reaching influence on Chinese history. In the first 210 years, Qin Shihuang died of illness in the sand dunes during his cruise (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province).

His son Hu Hai ascended the throne and was the second Qin Dynasty. Although the Qin Dynasty had great influence in history, it abused the people's power and unified only for more than ten years.

In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang chopped wood as soldiers and rose to the top. The world responded.

Liu Bang and Xiang Yu jointly fought against the Qin Dynasty in the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers. In the first 207 years, Qin died.

2.中文翻译

秦朝（前221—前207）是由战国时期的秦国发展起来的中国历史上第一个大一统王朝，秦人的祖先大费是黄帝之孙颛顼的后裔，舜赐其嬴姓。

秦穆公时，任贤使能，虚心纳谏，灭国十二，开地千里，国力日盛。前361年，秦孝公继位，重用商鞅两次变法，使秦国的经济得到发展，军队战斗力不断加强，发展成为战国后期最富强的诸侯国。

秦王政先后灭韩、赵、魏、楚、燕、齐，完成统一大业。前221年，秦王政称帝，史称“秦始皇”。

秦朝在中央设三公九卿，管理国家大事；地方上废除分封制，代以郡县制；实行书同文、车同轨、统一度量衡。对外北击匈奴，南征百越，筑长城以拒外敌，凿灵渠以通水系。

中央集权制度的建立，奠定中国2000余年政治制度基本格局，奠定中国大一统王朝的统治基础，故称“百代都行秦政法” 。

秦朝结束了自春秋战国以来五百年来诸侯分裂割据的局面，成为中国历史上第一个多民族共融的中央集权制国家。

对中国历史产生了深远影响。前210年，秦始皇巡游途中病死于沙丘（今河北省广宗县西北）。其子胡亥即位，为秦二世。

秦王朝虽在历史上拥有巨大影响，但滥用民力，统一仅十余年。前209年，陈胜、吴广斩木为兵，揭竿而起，天下响应，刘邦、项羽起兵江淮共抗秦。前207年，秦亡。

三、隋朝

1、Sui Dynasty

The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 619) was a unified dynasty in Chinese history, which inherited the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty.

In February 581, the Jingdi Chan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty gave way to Yang Jian, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty collapsed. Yang Jian's national name is "Sui Dynasty".

Dingdu Daxing City (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). In 589, the Chen Dynasty was destroyed in the South and China was unified.

ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. In 605 AD, after Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty assumed the throne.

Yuwenkai was ordered to build Tokyo and move the capital of Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) in the same year.

During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, people's livelihood was prosperous, people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and politics was clear and bright.

which created a prosperous situation of the rule of emperor. During the reign of Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was built through the north and the south.

However, because of the excessive consumption of national power, it led to the people's revolt and noble rebellion in the late Sui Dynasty.

2.中文翻译

隋朝（581年—618年或619年）是中国历史上承南北朝下启唐朝的大一统朝代。

公元581年二月，北周静帝禅让于杨坚，北周覆亡。杨坚定国号为“隋”，定都大兴城（今陕西西安）。公元589年南下灭陈朝，统一中国，结束了自西晋末年以来长达近300年的分裂局面。

公元605年，隋炀帝即位后，令宇文恺营建东京，同年下诏迁都洛阳（今河南洛阳）。隋文帝在位年间社会民生富庶、人民安居乐业、政治清明，开创了开皇之治繁荣局面。

四、汉朝

1、Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago, 25-220 years ago) was a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty. It was mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty.

After overthrowing the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang was crowned King of the Han Dynasty. In 202 B.C., after the victory of the Chu-Han struggle, the emperor established the Han Dynasty.

historically known as the Western Han Dynasty, and Dingdu Chang'an. Emperor Wendi of Han Dynasty and Emperor Jingdi of Han Dynasty carried out the national policy of recuperation.

health and rest to create the rule of Wen Jing; Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty opened up silk road and exploited land to achieve the "prosperity of Han Wu" after taking office.

and the national strength reached its peak in the period of Emperor Xuandi of HanDynasty.

In 8 AD, Wang Mang abolished the late emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and Dingdu Chang'an was known as the New Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty perished.

In 25 AD, after Liu Xiu unified the world, he still used the Han Dynasty as the national name and was historically called the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Luoyang, the capital of Dingdu, was called "Guangwu Zhongxing" after unification of the world.

Emperor Hanming and Emperor Hanzhang followed the light and humble Fu to create "Mingzhang Zhi".

Emperor Hanhe broke through the Northern Huns and recovered the Western Regions after succession to the throne, creating "Yongyuan Long", and the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak.

The Yellow Towel Uprising broke out in 184 A.D., but the suppression of civil unrest led to local self-respect.

After the Dong Zhuo Rebellion, the name of the Eastern Han Dynasty survived. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty perished.

After Liu Bei established Shuhan to continue the Han Dynasty, China entered the Three Kingdoms Period.

2.中文翻译

汉朝（前202年-8年,25年-220年）是继秦朝之后的大一统王朝，主要分为西汉、东汉时期，共历29帝，享国四百零五年。

秦末天下大乱，刘邦在推翻秦朝后被封为汉王。公元前202年，楚汉之争获胜后称帝建立汉朝，史称西汉；定都长安。汉文帝、汉景帝推行休养生息国策开创“文景之治”。

汉武帝即位后开辟丝路、攘夷拓土成就“汉武盛世”；至汉宣帝时期国力达到极盛。公元8年，王莽废西汉末帝，定都常安，史称新朝，西汉灭亡。

公元25年，刘秀统一天下后，仍沿用汉作为国号，史称东汉。定都洛阳 ，统一天下后息兵养民，史称“光武中兴”；汉明帝、汉章帝沿袭轻徭薄赋，开创“明章之治”。

汉和帝继位后大破北匈奴、收复西域，开创“永元之隆” ，东汉国力达到极盛[。公元184年爆发黄巾起义，虽剿灭民乱却导致地方拥兵自重，董卓之乱后东汉名存实亡。

公元220年曹丕篡汉，东汉灭亡。

五、晋朝

1、Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty (266-420 years), a dynasty in Chinese history, was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

The Western Jin Dynasty was one of the unified dynasties in Chinese history, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the six dynasties.

There were fifteen emperors in the two Jin Dynasties, for a total of one hundred and fifty-five years.

Sima Yan usurped the Wei Dynasty in 266 AD. His name was Jin and his capital was Luoyang.

He was historically called the Western Jin Dynasty. In 280 AD, he destroyed Wu and achieved unification.

After the Eight Kings'Rebellion and Yongjia's disaster, the national situation gradually declined. In 316, the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the northern barbarians.

and the North was in chaos. Historically, it was called the "Five Hu Hua". In 317, Jinshi went south, Sima Rui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jianye.

and the Eastern Jin Dynasty had many Northern Expeditions. It was temporarily consolidated after the battle between Eastern Jin Dynasty and Fengshui Pre-Qin Dynasty in 383.

During the Jin Dynasty, Wuhu moved to the Central Plains, strengthened ethnic integration, moved from the north to the south.

2、中文翻译

晋朝（266年－420年），中国历史上的朝代，上承三国下启南北朝，分为西晋与东晋两个时期，其中西晋为中国历史上大一统王朝之一，东晋则属于六朝之一，两晋共传十五帝，共一百五十五年。

公元266年司马炎篡魏，建国号为晋，定都洛阳，史称西晋，公元280年灭吴，完成统一。后经历八王之乱和永嘉之祸，国势渐衰，316年西晋被北方蛮族灭亡，北方陷于混乱，史称五胡乱华。

317年，晋室南渡，司马睿在建邺建立东晋，东晋曾多次北伐。383年东晋与前秦淝水之战后得到暂时巩固。

参考资料来源：百度百科-秦朝

参考资料来源：百度百科-汉朝

参考资料来源：百度百科-晋朝

参考资料来源：百度百科-隋朝

参考资料来源：百度百科-唐朝