回答如下:介词by 的用法如下:1. 在……旁边,靠近:I sat at the table by the window. 2. (用于被动语态)被(由)……:He is kidnapped by two robbers. The building project will be financed by the government. 3. 到……为止, 不迟于,截止于……,在……之前:I am usually home by seven o'clock. The project had been completed by the end of last month. 4. 相差:The price of wheat has decreased by 15%. 5. (表示方式)通过, 凭借,靠,乘坐:They travelled to Beijing by train.You can pay by cheque. I will contact you by letter. Switch it on by pressing this button. 6. 由于:I did it by mistake. 本句的by表示相差。
by作副词时表示经过,在旁边;作介词时表示在……之前。1.用于被动语态的句子中,表示动作的执行者,意为“被;由”。He was praised by the teacher. 他受到了老师的表扬。The book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。2.表示方式、方法、手段等,后常接无冠词的名词或动名词,意为“通过;靠;用”。Don't judge a person by appearances. 勿以貌取人。He made a living by teaching. 他以教书为生。3.表示时间,意为“到……时为止”或“不迟于……”。He ought to be here by now. 他现在应该在这儿了。By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words. 到十岁时,他已学了约一千个英语单词。4.表示(增减)程度,尺寸数量等,意为“至……的程度”。The bullet missed me by two inches. 那子弹以两英寸之差未击中我。The rope needs to be longer by two feet. 这绳子需要再长两英尺。5.表示交通路线或工具,后接名词不用冠词,意为“乘;坐”。go by bus / plane / train 乘汽车(飞机、火车)去travel by land / sea / air 陆上(海上、空中)旅行6.表示位置,意为“在近旁;在……旁边”。There is a pumping station by the river. 河边有个抽水站。
by的用法小结: 1、介词 prep. 在…旁;靠近 · Our teacher was sitting by the window. 我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。 · Stand by me! 站到我的身旁来! · We spent our holiday by the sea. 我们在海边度假。 2、 介词 prep. 经过 · He walked by me without speaking. 他走过我的身旁,没有说话。 · My brother goes by the building every day. 我弟弟每天从这楼旁走过。 3、介词 prep. 用;靠;通过 using (showing who or what did something) · I know it by heart. 我把它记在心头。 · They can read by touch. 他们可以通过手摸来阅读。 · By getting up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning. 靠起得早,我每天早晨有一小时时间阅读英语。 4、介词 prep. 不迟于 not later than · I shall be back by 5 o'clock. 最迟五点我一定回来。 · How many English parties had you had by the end of last term? 到上学期末,你们举行了几次英语晚会? 5、介词 prep. 通过;沿着 through; along; over · We came through the fields, not by the road. 我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的。 · to send a letter by post 通过邮局寄信 6、介词 prep. (表示作者)被;由 word that shows the author, painter, etc. · Thirty divided by two is fifteen. 三十除以二得十五。 · The child was saved by a PLA man. 这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活的。 · This bridge was built by the soldiers. 这座桥是士兵们造的。 7、介词 prep. (指交通等)乘;用 word that shows what kind of transport, etc. · The man came by bus. 那人是坐公共汽车来的。 · They went to Shanghai by air. 他们坐飞机去上海。 8、介词 prep. 在…情况下;在…时间 during · Do you prefer travelling by day or by night? 你喜欢在白天还是在夜晚旅行? 9、介词 prep. (表示部分)在…部位 word that shows which part · She led the child by the hand. 她拉着孩子的手往前走。 10、副词 adv. 在旁边 near · He gave me a story book when nobody was by. 当附近无人的时候他把小说给了我。 11、副词 adv. 从旁边经过 past · He hurried by without a word. 他匆匆地走过去没有说一句话。 · Time has gone by. 时间已过去了。 · She walked by. 她走过去了。
By是个很常见的介词,今天我们来介绍它的几个常见用法:1、被;由The feast was served by his mother and sisters. 这顿美餐是他母亲和他的姐妹们准备的。The child was saved by a PLA man. 这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活的。He was praised by the teacher. 他受到了老师的表扬。2、表明作者,“(图书、音乐、绘画等)由……创作,出自”。a painting by Van Gogh... 一幅凡•高的画This book is written by Jack. 这本书是杰克写的。a collection of piano pieces by Mozart (莫扎特钢琴曲集)3、表示方式、方法、手段等,“通过;用;凭”。We'll be travelling by car. 我们将开车旅行。They can read by touch. 他们可以通过手摸来阅读。I send a letter by post. 我通过邮局寄信。Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan. 把奶油和高汤一起放在平底锅里熬煮来制作调味料。4、在…旁边;接近Judith was sitting in a rocking-chair by the window. 朱迪丝正坐在窗户边的一张摇椅里。He gave me a story book when nobody was by. 当附近无人的时候他把小说给了我。5、经过;经由He kept walking and passed by me on his side of the street. 他一直在街对面走着,并与街这边的我交错而过。He hurried by without a word. 他匆匆地走过去没有说一句话。Time has gone by. 时间已过去了。6、在…时候;到…之前;不迟于By eight o'clock he had arrived at my hotel. 到8点时,他已经到达我住的宾馆了。We all knew by then that the affair was practically over. 到那时,我们都知道事情实际上已经结束了。We should finish our work by tonight. 今晚之前我们要结束工作。7、(乘或除)以230cm divided by 22cm is 10.45cm. 230厘米除以22厘米等于10.45厘米。8、表示幅度Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year. 暴力犯罪自去年以来增加了10%。The shot missed her by miles. 那一枪没打中她,差了十万八千里。9、以…计;按…计Parcels arrived by the dozen from America. 包裹成打地从美国运来。billing is by the minute. 以分钟计账。By的用法很多,但其实很多意思可以合并起来记忆,希望大家能够好好掌握。 希望能帮助到你,望采纳!!!