英语四级基本语法

大学英语四级的语法主要有虚拟语气，主谓一致，独立主格，名词性从句以及时态等等，四六级是不直接考察语法，但是听力中需要听句子，阅读中需要句子，作文中需要写句子，而语法是句子的骨架，有句子的地方就有语法，所以语法基础是四六级做题之根本。

虚拟语气：强调说话人的主观愿望和假想情况。考生应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词；主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，虚拟倒装句等等。

主谓一致：这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式。

倒装结构：表示强调或突出，分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有何区别。

独立主格题：一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。这两种结构都做状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。

名词性从句：形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分(作宾语、主语还是状语等)，从句的语序等等均有可能成为考点。

大学英语四级常用语法汇总

现在分词短语有时可用作时间状语, 相当于when引起的从句:

Seeing those pictures, he couldn't help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.

如果两个动作是完全同时发生的, 多用when 或while加分词这种结构.

Be careful when crossing the street.

When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.

She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.

前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构: 一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词(或名词的.所有格结构), 来表示这 个动名词逻辑上的主语.

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.

Do you mind my reading your paper?

They insisted on my staying there for supper.

如果不是在句子开头, 这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词宾格), 这比用所有格更自然一些.

I don't mind him going.

She hates people losing their temper.

只能用动名词作宾语的动词:

suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can't help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, endure, escape, miss

既可用动名词, 也可用不定式作宾语的动词: love, like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等.

有时两种结构之间意义差别不大, 有时却有不同的意思. 在remember, regret, want, try等词后差别是比较明显的.

I remember seeing her once somewhere.

I must remember to take my notebooks with me.

I regret not having accepted your advice.

I regret to say I haven't given you enough help.

She doesn't want (need) to come.

The house wants (needs) cleaning.

We must try to get everything done in time.

Let's try doing the work some other way.

悬垂修饰: 分词作状语时, 表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态.

Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers. (walking是we的动作, 正确)

Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful. (错误)

Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (正确)

Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (错误)