止推垫片英文

关于汽车的零部件英文大全, 拖拉机零部件应该都包括进去了吧整车 Finished Automobile轿车 Passenger Car休旅车 Recreational Vehicle (RV)小型商用车(3.5吨以下)Light Duty Commercial Car(Less Than 3.5 Tons)大型商用车(3.5吨以上)Heavy Duty Commercial Car(More Than 3.5 Tons)散装车 Bulk Truck搅拌车 Mixer Truck环境卫生车 Garbage Truck液罐车 Refueling Truck倾卸车 Dumper Truck曳引车 Tractor Truck消防车 Fire Fighting Truck堆高机 Forklift拖板车 Pallet Truck运钞车 Armor Cash Carrier冷气客车 Air-Conditioned Car冷冻车 Freezer Car拖车 Trailer车体打造(改装) Car Body Building(Refitting)瓦斯车 LPG Car底盘车 Chasis Truck引擎零件 Engine Parts引擎 Engine引擎波司 Engine Bush引擎修理包 Engine Gasket Kits引擎零件 Engine Parts凸轮轴 Camshaft凸轮轴链轮 Sprocket Camshaft皮带张力器 Tensioner曲轴 Crankshaft曲轴皮带盘 Crankshaft Pulley曲轴轴承片 Crankshaft Bearing汽门 Valve汽门座 Valve Seat汽门摇臂 Valve Arm汽门摇臂盖 Rocker Cover汽门弹簧 Valve Spring汽门导管 Valve Guide汽缸头(盖) Cylinder Head汽缸衬套 Cylinder Liner汽缸体 Cylinder Block波司垫片 Washer活塞 Piston活塞肖 Piston Pin活塞环 Piston Ring活塞衬套 Piston Liner飞轮 Flywheel飞轮环齿轮 Ring Gear of Flywheel时规炼条/皮带 Timing Chain/Belt连杆 Connecting Rod连杆轴承片 Connecting Rod Bearing摇臂轴 Rocker Arm Shaft汽门锁 Valve Cotter止推垫片 Thrust Washer共鸣箱 Resonator喷油嘴 Injection Nozzle燃料系统 Fueling System油箱 Fuel Tank油箱浮筒 Gauge Fuel Tank空气滤清器 Air Cleaner空气滤清器盖 Air Cleaner Cover空气滤清器导管 Air Intake Tube空气滤蕊 Air Cleaner Element消音器 Exhaust Muffler排气歧管 Exhaust Manifold排气管 Exhaust Pipe进气歧管 Intake Manifold节流阀 Throttle Valve燃油管 Fuel Pipe燃油帮浦 Fuel Pump燃油滤清器 Fuel Filter触媒转化器 Catalytic Converter柴油车黑烟净化器 Diesel Particulate Filter时规炼条/皮带外盖 Timing Chain/Belt Cover燃料系统 Fueling System废气回收管 EGR Tube冷却系统 Cooling System水箱 Radiator水管 Water Hose水箱水管 Radiator Hose水帮浦 Water Pump水箱风扇 Radiator Fan风扇 Fan副水箱 Auxiliary Radiator节温器 Thermostat调节器 Regulator水箱支架 Radiator Mounting冷却系统 Cooling SystemA/C风扇 A/C Fan润滑系统 Lubrication System油底壳 Oil Pan自排车用滤油器 Oil Filter for AutomaticTransmission机油尺 Oil Level Gauge机油帮浦 Oil Pump机油滤清器 Oil Filter机油滤网 Oil Strainer润滑系统 Lubrication System机油尺导管 Oil Level Gauge Tube空调系统 Air-conditioning System冷气总成 A/C Assembly冷气配管 A/C Hose冷气导风管 A/C Duct冷气压缩机 A/C Compressor冷凝器 A/C Condenser暖气总成 Heater Assembly鼓风机 Blower Assembly蒸发器 Evaporator冷媒管 A/C Pipe储液瓶 A/C Receiver空调相关零件 A/C Related Components空气清净机 Air Purifier空调滤网 A/C Filter空调系统 Air-conditioning System提速器 Actuator车身钣金件 Body & Stamping Parts引擎支撑 Engine Mounting引擎盖 Engine Hood车身 Car Body车门 Door Panel车顶板 Roof底盘及其另件 Chassis and Related Parts底盘车架 Frame门框 Sash保险杆 Bumper钣金件 Stamping Parts叶子板 Fender横梁 Cross Member行李箱盖 Trunk Lid车柱 Pillar车身钣金件 Body & Stamping Parts支架 Bracket补强板 Reinforcement Plate底盘系统 Chassis System下臂 Lower Arm上臂 Upper Arm手刹车拉柄 Parking Brake Lever支柱总成 Strut Assembly方向盘 Steering Wheel比例阀 Proportional Valve主轴、副轴 Mainshaft / Countershaft平衡杆 Stabilizer Bar扭力杆 Torsion Bar刹车分泵 Brake Cylinder刹车来令片 Brake Lining Shoe刹车油管(软) Brake Hose刹车油管(硬) Brake Tube刹车真空倍力器 Brake Vacuum Booster刹车总泵 Brake Master Cylinder后轴总成 Rear Axle Assembly动力方向系统 Power Steering System动力转向油管 Power Steering Hose动力转向帮浦 Power Steering Pump控制拉线 Control Cable排档杆 Shift Lever排档头 Knob球形接头 Ball Joint等速接头 C.V. Joint传动轴 Propeller Shaft叶片弹簧 Leaf Spring鼓、碟式刹车器 Drum / Disc Brake Assembly鼓式刹车盘 Brake Drum碟式刹车盘 Brake Disc辅助气囊 Air Bag踏板 Pedal齿轮 Gear横拉杆接头 Tie-Rod End螺旋弹簧 Coil Spring避震器 Shock Absorber转向连杆 Steering Linkage转向节臂 Knuckle转向齿轮箱 Steering Gear Box转向机柱 Steering Column转向总成 Steering Assembly离合器分泵 Clutch Cylinder离合器片 Clutch Disc离合器外壳 Clutch Case离合器总成 Clutch Assembly离合器总泵 Clutch Master Cylinder离合器释放轴承 Clutch Release Bearing变速箱 Transmission Box变速箱外壳 Transmission Case曳力杆 Trailing Arm避震器前后活塞杆 Piston Rod of Front and RearShock Absorber底盘系统 Chassis System自排变速箱修理包 Automatic TransmissionGasket Kits齿条 Gear Rack刹车真空管 Brake Boost Vacuum Tube车轮系统 Wheeling System轮毂 Wheel Hub轮胎 Tire轮胎汽门嘴 Tire Valve中文产品名称Chinese英文产品名称English轮圈 Wheel Disk轮圈盖 Wheel Cover内胎(含内衬) Inner Tire (Flap)车轮系统 Wheeling System电装品 Electrical Parts电瓶 Battery中央门控 Central Door Lock分电盘 Distributor火星塞 Spark Plug汽车用电子钟 Digital Clock汽车音响 Car Audio防盗器 Car Burglar Alarm雨刷及雨刷连杆 Wiper / Linkage保险丝座 Fuse Seat保险丝 Fuse洗涤壶 Windshield Washer配线 Wire Harness马达类 Motor高压线组 Ignition Cable喇叭 Horn发电机(零件) Alternator (Components)开关类 Switch蜂鸣器 Buzzer预热塞 Glow Plug仪表 Combination Meter灯泡 Bulb灯类 Lamp点火线圈 Ignition Coil继电器 Relay倒车雷达 Reverse Sensor电池充电器 Battery Charger闪光器 Flasher省电器 Energy Saving Unit端子 Terminal电动座椅装置 Power Seat Unit马达零件 Motor Components电装品 Electrical Parts汽车用光盘 Car CD汽车用液晶显示器 Car LCD调整器 Regulator整流器 Rectifier电子点火器 Ignition Module倒车显示器 Rear View Display定速器 Cruise ControllerHID车灯安定器组合 HID Ballast Complete Set forHeadlightsLED 灯 LED Lamp车灯控制器 Lighting Controller点火线圈模块 Ignition Coil Module外装品 Exterior Parts水箱饰罩 Radiator Grille天线 Antenna车身护条 Side Protector防撞护垫 Bumper Pad后视镜 Door Mirror装饰贴纸、标志 Ornament Mark轮弧 Fender Trim挡泥板 Mud Guard扰流板 Spoiler前防撞杆 Guard Assy (Front)后防撞杆 Grard Assy (Rear)外装品 Exterior Parts内装品 Interior Parts仪表板 Instrument Panel中央置物箱 Console孔塞 Grommet Plug地毯 Floor Mat安全带 Seat Belt车门扶手 Door Armrest车门把手 Door Handle车门锁 Door Lock车顶内衬 Roof Lining车窗升降摇柄 Window Lifter Handle车窗升降机 Window Lifter防水衬条 Weatherstrip油量表 Fuel Gauge门饰板 Door Trim室内镜 Room Mirror音响喇叭盖 Speaker Cover(电动)座椅 (Electric) Seat顶蓬 Headlining烟灰缸 Ashtray各类隔音垫 All Kinds of Silencer饰板/饰条 Garnish / Trim仪表饰板 Instrument Panel Garnish遮阳板 Sunvisor压条 Moulding点烟器 Cigar Lighter备胎板 Trim for Spare Tire天窗 Sun Roof后置物板 Rear Parcel Shelf后舱室饰板 Rear Trunk Trim内装品 Interior Parts仪表板支架 Instrumental Panel Mounting其它 Others随车工具 Tools千斤顶 Jack尼龙绳、特多龙绳 Nylon Rope生产、检测及涂装设备Production,Test & PaintingEquipment各类孔盖 Cap、Cover扣具 Cargo Lash夹片、管束 Clamp, Clip油土与基准模型 Clay Model and Master Model油封 Oil Seal门铰链 Door Hinge故障标志 Reflector玻璃类 Glass修理业 Repairing & Maintenance粉末冶金 Powder Metallurgy轴承 Bearing塑料件 Plastic Parts隔热材 Heat Insulator电子件 Electrical Parts垫片类 Seal、Gasket、Washer、Packing碳刷 Carbon Brush管类 Pipe, Hose, Tube铜套类 Bushing弹簧 SpringEnglish模、夹、治、检具 Die, Fixture, Jig, CheckingGauge橡胶件 Rubber Parts帮浦类 Pump螺帽/螺栓/螺丝 Nut/Bolt/Screw锻造件(加工) Forging Parts (Processing)滤清器类 Filter锁 Lock镜类 Mirror铸造件(加工) Casting Parts (Processing)引擎盖铰链 Hinge of Engine Hood行李箱铰链 Hinge of Trunk Lid保险杆支撑 Mount of BumperCAD/CAM车身设计 CAD/CAM Car Body Design汽车清洁保养用品 Cosmetics for Automobile涂料 Paints合成木材 Synthetic Wood电磁阀 Solenoid Valve热水阀 Heater Valve冷煤电磁阀 Refrigerate Solenoid valve玻璃滑槽 Glass Run双面胶带 Acrylic Foam Tape触媒转换器缓冲绵 Catalytic Converter Mate黑烟过滤器 Diesel Particle Filter车用灭火器 Extinguisher零组件用材料 Components Materials汽车用行动电话 Car Hand-free Mobile Phone汽车保全系统 Car Security System汽车导航系统 Car Navigation System人造革 Artificial Leather铭板 Nameplate汽车用计算机 Car Computer无线电胎压侦测仪 Wireless Tire Monitor汽车内装用牛皮 Leather for Car Interior打蜡机 Buffer (Car Polisher)金属表面处理(材料) Metal Surface Treatment(Material)插接件 Connector Clip胎压不足警示器 Tire Low Pressure Indicator温度感应器 Water Temperature Sensor油压感应器 Oil Pressure Sensor机油 Engine Oil中文产品名称Chinese英文产品名称English自动变速箱油 Automatic Transmission Oil油品添加剂 Oil Additive热处理 Heat Treatment自行车类 Bicycle整车 Finished Bicycle一般自行车 Regular Bicycle三轮车 Tricycle协力车 Tandem Bicycle城市车 ATB孩童车 Junveniles Bicycle室内运动车(健身车) Exerciser单轮车 Unicycle无链式自行车 Chainless Bicycle登山车 Mountain Bicycle越野车 Trekking Bicycle跑车（自由车） Racing Bicycle电动自行车 Electrical Bicycle折叠式自行车 Folding Bicycle海滩车 Beach Bicycle(电动)滑板车 (Electric) Kick BoardScooter其它特种自行车 Other Special-purposeBicycles避震脚踏车 Suspension Bicycle传动件 Transmission曲柄组 Chainwheel & Crank飞轮 Flywheel链条 Chain变速杆 Shift Lever变速器 Derailleur电动自行车马达 Electric Bicycle Motor电动自行车控制器 Electric Bicycle Driver齿轮箱 Gear Box车轮及刹车 Wheel and Brake轮胎 Tire夹式刹车器 Caliper Brake快拆 Quick Release花鼓 Hub & Free HubEnglish液压式刹车器 Hydraulic Brake脚刹车器 Coaster Brake碟式刹车器 Disk Brake轮圈 Rim辐条/辐帽 Spoke/Nipple悬臂式刹车器 Cantilever Brake控制拉线 Control Cable刹车来令片 Brake Lining Shoe配件 Accessories铃 Bell反光片 Reflector水壶架 Bottle Cage打气筒 Floor Pump***贴纸 Sticker货架 Luggage Carrier速度表 Speed Meter喇叭 Horn电灯 Dynamo / Lighting Set辅助轮 Training Wheel挡泥板 Mud Guard / Fender头盔 Helmet锁 Lock链盖 Chain Cover篮 Basket后视镜 Rear Mirror车体 Body车架 Frame把手 Handle Bar中轴组件（天心） Bottom Bracket Parts车手带 Handle Strap车头组件 Headset前叉 Front Fork前叉肩 Fork Crown后叉端 Rear Fork End座杆 Seat Post座杆束 Seat Post Clamp停车支架 Kickstand接头 Lug & Shell辅助把手 Bar End竖管 Stem螺帽/螺栓/螺丝 Nut/Bolt/Screw避震前叉 Suspension Fork避震器 Shock Absorber三通管 3-way Pipe五通管 5-way Pipe车架材料 Frame Materials其它 Others座垫 Saddles水壶架 Bottle Cage夹器固定座 Pivot定趾器 Toe Clip闪光灯 Flasher趾夹带 Toe Strap把手套 Grip塑料件 Plastic Parts脚踏板 Pedal碳刷 Carbon Brush弹簧 Spring轮圈盖 Wheel Cover锻造件(加工) Forging Parts (Processing)导线 Cable模、夹、治、检具 Die,Fixture,Jig & CheckingGauge橡胶件 Rubber Parts生产、检测及涂装设备Production,Test & PaintingEquipment座垫套 Saddle Cover涂料 Paints充电器 Charger温度记录器 Temperature Recorder电池容量计 Battery Capacity Indicator电动自行车电路设计Electric Bicycle CircuitDesign电动自行车电池组 Electric Bicycle Battery Set机车类 Motorcycle整车 Finished Motorcycle50CC以下机车 Less Than 50CC Motorcycle50~150CC机车 50~150CC Motorcycle150CC以上机车 More Than 150CC Motorcycle残障专用车 Motorcycle for Handicap电动机车 Electric Motorcycle其它电动辅助车辆 Other Electric AuxiliaryVehicles多功能休闲车 ATV引擎零件 Engine Parts汽缸 Cylinder化油器 Carburetor引擎 Engine引擎零件 Engine Parts引擎盖 Engine Cover水箱 Radiator火星塞 Spark Plug凸轮 Cam凸轮轴 Camshaft凸轮轴链条 Cam Chain凸轮链条张力器 Cam Chain Tensioner曲轴 Crankshaft曲轴箱 Crankcase曲轴箱盖 Crankcase Cover汽门 Valve汽门座 Valve Seat汽门导管 Valve Guide汽缸头 Cylinder Head汽缸头侧盖 Cylinder Head Side Cover油帮浦 Oil Pump后轮驱动座 Rear Wheel Drive Seat活塞 Piston活塞肖 Piston Pin活塞环 Piston Ring连杆 Connecting Rod涡轮增压器 Turbo-Supercharger脚踏起动机杆 Kick Starter齿轮变速零件 Gear Shift Parts机油冷却器 Oil Cooler离合器 Clutch离合器座 Clutch Plate离合器杆 Clutch Lever变速箱 Transmission Box油管 Fuel Pipe汽门锁 Valve Cotter火星塞盖 Plug Cover齿轮衬套 Gear Bushing曲轴肖 Crank Shaft Pin炼条调整器 Tensioner节流阀 Throttle Valve离合器来令片 Clutch Lining齿轮轴 Gear Axle马达轴 Motor Axle传动轴 Transmission Axle车体及电装 Body and Electrical Parts灯类 LampC.D.I.总成 C.D.I. Unit Assembly工具 Tool中心盖 Center Cover反光片 Reflector引擎罩盖 Air Shroud / Cylinder方向把手 Steering Handle主滑动模轮组件 Primary Sheave Assembly主脚架 Main Stand交流发电机(零件) A.C. Generator (Components)行李箱 Luggage Box冷却风扇 Cooling Fan把手盖 Handle Cover车架 Frame车体盖 Body Cover拉杆 Handle Lever油杯 Fuel Cup Assembly油箱 Fuel Tank空气滤清器 Air Cleaner刹车来令片 Brake Shoe刹车鼓 Brake Drum刹车盘 Brake Disk刹车踏板 Brake Pedal刹车总成 Brake Assembly前叉 Front Fork前叉顶梁 Fork Top Bridge前护盖 Front Fender后视镜 Back Mirror后悬吊系统 Rear Suspension风扇盖 Air Shroud飞轮 Flywheel座垫 Seat侧脚架 Side Stand侧盖 Side Cover排气消音器 Exhaust Muffler后架 Carrier喇叭 Horn无段自动变速系统 C.V.T.发电机 Alternator传动轴总成 Secondary Sheave Assembly摇臂 Rocker Arm煞车踏板 Brake Pedal节流把手 Throttle Grip脚踏板 Board / Footrest脚踏杆 Kick Crank Assembly电圈 Starter电瓶 Battery配线 Wire Harness碳刷 Carbon Brush仪表 Meter调整器 Regulator轮胎 Tire轮圈 Wheel Disk轮毂 Wheel Hub导线 Cable挡泥板 Fender机车链轮 Chain灯泡 Bulb燃油滤清器 Fuel Strainer Assembly避震器 Shock Absorber点火线圈 Ignition Coil转向主干 Steering Stem Comp链条 Chain链条盖 Chain Case继电器 Relay触媒转化器 Catalytic Converter排气管 Exhaust Pipe吊架 Hanger控制拉线 Control Cable活性碳罐 Canister油箱浮筒 Tank Float机油浮筒 Oil Float档位调整器 Gear Position Indicator端子 Terminal电动机车控制器 Electric Motorcycle Driver把手座 Grip Holder马达类 Motor马达零件 Motor Components避震器前后活塞杆 Piston Rod of Front and RearShock Absorber其它 Others油封 Oil Seal舌簧阀 Reed Valve钣金件 Stamping Parts防盗器 Burglar Alarm闪光器 Flasher贴纸 Sticker轴承 Bearing开关类 Switch塑料件 Plastic Parts电子件 Electrical Parts垫片 Gasket管类 Tube or Pipe弹簧 Spring模、夹、治、检具 Die, Fixture, Jig, CheckingGauge辐条/辐帽 Spoke/Nipple齿轮 Gear橡胶件 Rubber Parts帮浦类 Pump螺帽/螺栓/螺丝 Nut/Bolt/Screw锻造件(加工) Forging Parts (Processing)滤清器 Filter铸造件(加工) Casting Parts (Processing)锁 Lock生产、检测及涂装设备Production,Test & PaintingEquipment铭板 Name Plate油土及基准模型 Clay Model and Master Model地毯 Carpet涂料 Paints握把 Grip置物袋 Carriage Bag机车座垫用牛皮 Leather for Motorcycle Seat铁路车辆类 Railroad Vehicle铁路车辆制造及修理 Railroad Vehicle Manufacture& Repair铁路车辆零件 Railroad Vehicle Parts铁路扣夹 Clip for Railroad ALTERNATOR ASSY 交流发电机总成ARMATURE SET 电枢总成BATTERY 蓄电池 BEARING REAR 起动机启轴承BEARING 轴 承BOX ASSY FUSE 保险丝盒总成BRACE ALTERNATOR 发电机调节杆件BRACKET ASSY REAR 发电机后端盖总成BRUSH 电 刷BRACKET REAR 起动机后端盖BRACKET ASSY TRONT 起动机前端盖BOARD PRINTED 仪表印刷电路BULB LAMP 仪表灯BLADE ASSY 雨刮片总成CASE METER 仪表壳体CABLE ASSY HIGH 中心高压线总成CABlE SET SPARK PLUG 高压线总成CAM 分电器凸轮CAP ASSY 分电器盖总成CLUTCH OVER RUNNING 啮合器总成CLOCK DIGITAl 数字钟CONDENSER 电容器CONTROLLER SUB ASSY 真空点火提前装置COIl ASSY IGNITION 点火线圈总成DISTRIBUTOR ASSY 分电器总成FUSE 保险丝FLASHER UNIT HAZARD 转向灯闪光器GAUGE TEMP 室内灯GEAR KIT 分电器传动齿轮GIASS METER 仪表玻璃HEADLAMP UNIT 大灯芯UOUSING SUB ASSY 分电器外壳总成IC REGUlATOR ASSY 集成电路调节器总成IAMP ASSY HEAD 大灯总成LAMP KIT FRONT TURN SIGNAL 转向灯总成LAMP KIT FRONT COMBINATION 前小灯总成LAMP KIT REAR COMB 尾灯总成LAMP KIT LICENSE 车牌灯总成LENS TURN SIGNl LAMP 转向灯玻璃灯罩LINK WIPER 雨刮器连杆MOTOR WIPER 雨刮器电动机MOTOR WASHER 清洗器电动机PANEL INDICATOR 仪表指示灯面板PANEL INSTRUMENT 仪表盘架PLUG SPARK 火花塞PULLEY ASSY 发电机皮带盘总成RADIO 收音机RELAY POWE 雨刮器继电器RELAY INTERMITTENT WIPER 电源继电器RESISTOR ASSY 附加电阻总成RELTIFIER ASSY 发电机整流器总成ROTOR ASSY 分火头总成 ROOM LAMP 室内灯RING RETAlNING 大灯框SPRING GOVERNOR 离心块弹簧SPEEDOMETER 车速里程表SPEAKER 扬声器SOCKET BULB 仪表灯座SHAFT 分电器轴STARTER ASSY 起动机总成SCREW SETTING 大灯调整螺钉SWITCK COlUMN 灯光组合开关SWITCH ASSY 电磁开关总成SUPPORT ASSY ARM 断电器总成STATOR ASSY 发电机转子总成TANK WASHER 清洗器电动机WIRE LEAD 分电器引线 WEIGHT 离心块VAlVE P．C．V 单向阀YOKE ASSY 磁场总成

Propeller screw thickness of the base gasket

凸轮轴 Camshaft凸轮轴链轮 Sprocket Camshaft皮带张力器 Tensioner曲轴 Crankshaft曲轴皮带盘 Crankshaft Pulley曲轴轴承片 Crankshaft Bearing汽门 Valve汽门座 Valve Seat汽门摇臂 Valve Arm汽门摇臂盖 Rocker Cover汽门弹簧 Valve Spring汽门导管 Valve Guide汽缸头(盖) Cylinder Head汽缸衬套 Cylinder Liner汽缸体 Cylinder Block波司垫片 Washer活塞 Piston活塞肖 Piston Pin活塞环 Piston Ring活塞衬套 Piston Liner飞轮 Flywheel飞轮环齿轮 Ring Gear of Flywheel时规炼条/皮带 Timing Chain/Belt连杆 Connecting Rod连杆轴承片 Connecting Rod Bearing摇臂轴 Rocker Arm Shaft汽门锁 Valve Cotter止推垫片 Thrust Washer共鸣箱 Resonator喷油嘴 Injection Nozzle燃料系统 Fueling System油箱 Fuel Tank油箱浮筒 Gauge Fuel Tank空气滤清器 Air Cleaner空气滤清器盖 Air Cleaner Cover空气滤清器导管 Air Intake Tube空气滤蕊 Air Cleaner Element消音器 Exhaust Muffler排气歧管 Exhaust Manifold排气管 Exhaust Pipe进气歧管 Intake Manifold节流阀 Throttle Valve燃油管 Fuel Pipe燃油帮浦 Fuel Pump燃油滤清器 Fuel Filter触媒转化器 Catalytic Converter柴油车黑烟净化器 Diesel Particulate Filter时规炼条/皮带外盖 Timing Chain/Belt Cover燃料系统 Fueling System废气回收管 EGR Tube冷却系统 Cooling System水箱 Radiator水管 Water Hose水箱水管 Radiator Hose水帮浦 Water Pump水箱风扇 Radiator Fan风扇 Fan副水箱 Auxiliary Radiator节温器 Thermostat调节器 Regulator水箱支架 Radiator Mounting冷却系统 Cooling SystemA/C风扇 A/C Fan润滑系统 Lubrication System油底壳 Oil Pan自排车用滤油器 Oil Filter for AutomaticTransmission机油尺 Oil Level Gauge机油帮浦 Oil Pump机油滤清器 Oil Filter机油滤网 Oil Strainer润滑系统 Lubrication System机油尺导管 Oil Level Gauge Tube空调系统 Air-conditioning System冷气总成 A/C Assembly冷气配管 A/C Hose冷气导风管 A/C Duct冷气压缩机 A/C Compressor冷凝器 A/C Condenser暖气总成 Heater Assembly鼓风机 Blower Assembly蒸发器 Evaporator冷媒管 A/C Pipe储液瓶 A/C Receiver空调相关零件 A/C Related Components空气清净机 Air Purifier空调滤网 A/C Filter空调系统 Air-conditioning System提速器 Actuator车身钣金件 Body & Stamping Parts引擎支撑 Engine Mounting引擎盖 Engine Hood车身 Car Body车门 Door Panel车顶板 Roof底盘及其另件 Chassis and Related Parts底盘车架 Frame门框 Sash保险杆 Bumper钣金件 Stamping Parts叶子板 Fender横梁 Cross Member行李箱盖 Trunk Lid车柱 Pillar车身钣金件 Body & Stamping Parts支架 Bracket补强板 Reinforcement Plate底盘系统 Chassis System下臂 Lower Arm上臂 Upper Arm手刹车拉柄 Parking Brake Lever支柱总成 Strut Assembly方向盘 Steering Wheel比例阀 Proportional Valve主轴、副轴 Mainshaft / Countershaft平衡杆 Stabilizer Bar扭力杆 Torsion Bar刹车分泵 Brake Cylinder刹车来令片 Brake Lining Shoe刹车油管(软) Brake Hose刹车油管(硬) Brake Tube刹车真空倍力器 Brake Vacuum Booster刹车总泵 Brake Master Cylinder后轴总成 Rear Axle Assembly动力方向系统 Power Steering System动力转向油管 Power Steering Hose动力转向帮浦 Power Steering Pump控制拉线 Control Cable排档杆 Shift Lever排档头 Knob球形接头 Ball Joint等速接头 C.V. Joint传动轴 Propeller Shaft叶片弹簧 Leaf Spring鼓、碟式刹车器 Drum / Disc Brake Assembly鼓式刹车盘 Brake Drum碟式刹车盘 Brake Disc辅助气囊 Air Bag踏板 Pedal齿轮 Gear横拉杆接头 Tie-Rod End螺旋弹簧 Coil Spring避震器 Shock Absorber转向杆 Steering Linkage转向节臂 Knuckle转向轮箱 Steering Gear Box转向机柱 Steering Column转向总成 Steering Assembly离合器分泵 Clutch Cylinder离合器片 Clutch Disc离合器外壳 Clutch Case离合器总成 Clutch Assembly离合器总泵 Clutch Master Cylinder离合器释放轴承 Clutch Release Bearing变速箱 Transmission Box变速箱外壳 Transmission Case曳力杆 Trailing Arm避震器前后活塞杆 Piston Rod of Front and RearShock Absorber底盘系统 Chassis System自排变速箱修理包 Automatic TransmissionGasket Kits齿条 Gear Rack刹车真空管 Brake Boost Vacuum Tube握把 Grip置物袋 Carriage Bag机车座垫用牛皮 Leather for Motorcycle Seat

tractor is a vehicle intended for drawing, towing, pushing or pulling something which cannot propel itself and, often, powering it too. Most commonly the word is used to describe a vehicle intended for pulling some other vehicle or object (see traction unit).The word comes from the Latin trahere "to pull". A conflicting history of the name suggests that steam tractors were originally referred to as traction engines, with the word "tractor" eventually deriving from a contraction of 'traction' and 'motor'. [1]Contents [hide]1 National variations 2 Farm tractor 2.1 History 2.2 Operation 2.3 Power and transmission 2.4 Safety 2.5 Applications 2.6 Precision agriculture 3 Backhoe loader 4 Engineering tractors 5 EPA tractor 6 Other types of tractors 7 Other uses of the word Tractor 7.1 In aerospace 7.2 In computers 7.3 In downhole oil-well data logging 8 Manufacturers 9 See also 10 References 11 External links [edit] National variationsIn Britain, Australia, India, Spain and Poland the word "tractor" usually means "farm tractor", and the use of the word "tractor" to mean other types of vehicles is familiar to the vehicle trade but unfamiliar to much of the general public. In Canada and the US the word is also used to refer to a road tractor .[edit] Farm tractor A modern John Deere 8110 Farm Tractor plowing a field using a chisel plow.The most common use of the term is for the vehicles used on farms. The farm tractor is used for pulling or pushing agricultural machinery or trailers, for plowing, tilling, disking, harrowing, planting, and similar tasks.[edit] HistoryThe first powered farm implements in the early 1800s were portable engines – steam engines on wheels that could be used to drive mechanical farm machinery by way of a flexible belt. Around 1850, the first traction engines were developed from these, and were widely adopted for agricultural use. Where soil conditions permitted, such as the US, steam tractors were used to direct-haul ploughs, but in the UK, ploughing engines were used for cable-hauled ploughing instead. Steam-powered agricultural engines remained in use well into the 20th century, until reliable internal combustion engines had been developed. [2]In 1892, John Froelich built the first practical gasoline-powered tractor in Clayton County, Iowa. Only two were sold, and it was not until 1911, when the Waterloo Gasoline Traction Engine Company developed the design, that it became successful.In Britain, the first recorded tractor sale was the oil-burning Hornsby-Ackroyd Patent Safety Oil Traction engine, in 1897. However, the first commercially successful design was Dan Albone's three-wheel Ivel tractor of 1902. In 1908, Saundersons of Bedford introduced a four-wheel design, and went on to become the largest tractor manufacturer outside the USA.While unpopular at first, these gasoline-powered machines began to catch on in the 1910s as they became smaller and more affordable. Henry Ford introduced the Fordson, the first mass-produced tractor in 1917. They were built in the U.S., Ireland, England and Russia and by 1923, Fordson had 77% of the U.S. market. The Fordson dispensed with a frame, using the strength of the engine block to hold the machine together. By the 1920s, tractors with a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine had become the norm.The classic farm tractor is a simple open vehicle, with two very large driving wheels on an axle below and slightly behind a single seat (the seat and steering wheel consequently are in the center), and the engine in front of the driver, with two steerable wheels below the engine compartment. This basic design has remained unchanged for a number of years, but enclosed cabs are fitted on almost all modern models, for reasons of operator safety and comfort.There are also lawn tractors. Cub Cadet, Husqvarna, John Deere, Massey Ferguson and Toro are some of the better-known brands.[edit] Operation A small red tractor towing a cargo cartModern farm tractors usually have five foot-pedals for the operator on the floor of the tractor. The pedal on the left is the clutch. The operator presses on this pedal to disengage the transmission for either shifting gears or stopping the tractor. Two of the pedals on the right are the brakes. The left brake pedal stops the left rear wheel and the right brake pedal does the same with the right side. This independent left and right wheel braking augments the steering of the tractor when only the two rear wheels are driven. This is usually done when it is necessary to make a tight turn. The split brake pedal is also used in mud or soft dirt to control a tire that spins due to loss of traction. The operator presses both pedals together to stop the tractor. For tractors with additional front-wheel drive, this operation often engages the 4-wheel locking differential to help stop the tractor when travelling at road speeds.A fifth pedal just in front of the seat operates the rear differential lock (diff lock) which prevents wheelslip. The differential allows the outside wheel to travel faster than the inside one during a turn. However, in traction conditions on a soft surface the same mechanism could allow one wheel to slip, thus preventing traction to the other wheel. The diff lock overides this, causing both wheels to supply equal traction. Care must be taken to unlock the differential, usually by hitting the pedal a second time, before turning, since the tractor cannot perform a turn with the diff lock engaged.The pedal furthest to the right is the foot throttle. Unlike in automobiles, it can also be controlled from a hand-operated lever ("hand throttle"). This helps provide a constant speed in field work. It also helps provide continuous power for stationary tractors that are operating an implement by shaft or belt. The foot throttle gives the operator more automobile-like control over the speed of the tractor for road work. This is a feature of more recent tractors; older tractors often did not have this feature. In the UK it is mandatory to use the foot pedal to control engine speed while travelling on the road. Some tractors, especially those designed for row-crop work, have a 'de-accelerator' pedal, which operates in the reverse fashion to an automobile throttle, in that the pedal is pushed down to slow the engine. This is to allow fine control over the speed of the tractor when maneuvering at the end of crop rows in fields- the operating speed of the engine is set using the hand throttle, and if the operator wishes to slow the tractor to turn, he simply has to press the pedal, turn and release it once the turn is completed, rather than having to alter the setting of the hand throttle twice during the maneuver.[edit] Power and transmissionModern farm tractors employ large diesel engines, which range in power output from 18 to 575 horsepower (15 to 480 kW). Tractors can be generally classified as two-wheel drive, two-wheel drive with front wheel assist, four-wheel drive (often with articulated steering), or track tractors (with either two or four powered rubber tracks). Variations of the classic style include the diminutive lawn tractors and their more capable and ruggedly constructed cousins, garden tractors, that range from about 10 to 25 horsepower and are used for smaller farm tasks and mowing grass and landscaping. Their size—especially with modern tractors—and the slower speeds are reasons motorists are urged to use caution when encountering a tractor on the roads.A PTO shaft plugged into a tractor.Most tractors have a means to transfer power to another machine such as a baler, slasher or mower. Early tractors used belts wrapped around pulleys to power stationary equipment. Modern tractors use a power take-off shaft (PTO) to provide rotary power to machinery that may be stationary or pulled. Almost all modern tractors can also provide external hydraulic fluid and electrical power.Most farm tractors use a manual transmission. They have several sets of gear ratios divided into speeds. To change ratio it is usually necessary to stop the tractor. Between them they provide a range of speeds from less than one mile per hour suitable for working the land, up to about 25 miles per hour for road use. Furthermore it is usually not necessary to change gear in order to reverse, one simply selects a lever. Older tractors usually require that the operator depress the clutch in order to shift between gears (a limitation of straight-cut gears in the gearbox), but many modern tractors have eliminated this requirement with the introduction of technologies such as power shifting in the 1960's and more modern continuously variable transmissions. This allows the operator more and easier control over working speed than the throttle alone could provide.Slow, controllable speeds are necessary for most operations that are performed with a tractor. They help give the farmer a larger degree of control in certain situations, such as field work. However, when travelling on public roads, the slow operating speeds can cause problems, such as long queues or tailbacks, which can delay or aggravate other road users. To alleviate conditions, some countries (for example the Netherlands) employ a road sign on some roads that means "no farm tractors". Some modern tractors, such as the JCB Fastrac, are now capable of much more tolerable road speeds of around 50 mph.[edit] Safety The classic Row Crop tractor (an Allis-Chalmer WD). Note the absence of any rollover protection system.Modern tractors have rollover protection systems (ROPS) to prevent an operator from being crushed if the tractor rolls over. This is especially important in open-air tractors, where the ROPS is a steel beam that extends above the operator's seat. For tractors with operator cabs, the ROPS is part of the frame of the cab. Before ROPS were required, some farmers died when their tractors rolled on top of them. Row-crop tractors, before ROPS, were particularly dangerous because of their 'tricycle' design with the two front wheels spaced close together and angled inward toward the ground. Some farmers were killed by rollovers while operating tractors along steep slopes. Others have been killed whilst attempting to tow or pull an excessive load from above axle height, or when cold weather caused the tires to freeze down, in both cases causing the tractor to pivot around the rear axle. ROPS were first required by legislation in New Zealand in the 1960s.[edit] ApplicationsFarm implements can be attached to the rear of the tractor by either a drawbar or a three-point hitch. The three-point hitch was invented by Harry Ferguson and has been standard since the 1960s. Equipment attached to the three-point hitch can be raised or lowered hydraulically with a control lever. The equipment attached to the three-point hitch is usually completely supported by the tractor. Another way to attach an implement is via a Quick Hitch, which is attached to the three-point hitch. This enables a single person to attach an implement quicker and put the person in less danger when attaching the implement.Some farm-type tractors are found elsewhere than on farms: with large universities' gardening departments, in public parks or for highway workman use with blowtorch cylinders strapped to its sides and a pneumatic drill air compressor permanently fastened over its power take-off. These are often fitted with grass tyres which are less damaging to soft surfaces than agricultural tyres.[edit] Precision agricultureSpace technology has found its way into down to agriculture in the form of GPS devices, and robust on-board computers installed as optional features on farm tractors. These technologies are used in modern, precision farming techniques. The spin-offs from the space race have actually facilitated automation in plowing and the use of autosteer systems drone on tractors that are manned but only steered at the end of a row, the idea being to neither overlap and use more fuel nor leave streakes when performing jobs such as cultivating.[edit] Backhoe loaderMain article: Backhoe loader A common backhoe-loader. The backhoe is on the left, the bucket/blade on the right.The most common variation of the classic farm tractor is the hoe, also called a hoe-loader. As the name implies, it has a loader assembly on the front and a backhoe on the back. Backhoes attach to a 3 point hitch on farm or industrial tractors. Industrial tractors are often heavier in construction particularly with regards to the use of steel grill for protection from rocks and the use of construction tires. When the backhoe is permanently attached, the machine usually has a seat that can swivel to the rear to face the hoe controls. Removable backhoe attachments almost always have a separate seat on the attachment.Backhoe-loaders are very common and can be used for a wide variety of tasks: construction, small demolitions, light transportation of building materials, powering building equipment, digging holes, breaking asphalt and paving roads. Some buckets have a retractable bottom, enabling them to empty their load more quickly and efficiently. Buckets with retractable bottoms are also often used for grading and scratching off sand. The front assembly may be a removable attachment or permanently mounted. Often the bucket can be replaced with other devices or tools.Their relatively small frame and precise control make backhoe-loaders very useful and common in urban engineering projects such as construction and repairs in areas too small for larger equipment. Their versatility and compact size makes them one of the most popular urban construction vehicles.In the UK, the word "JCB" is sometimes used colloquially as a genericized trademark for any such type of engineering vehicle, JCB now appears in the Oxford English Dictionary, although it is still treated as a trademark. In some areas of North America a backhoes is often referred to as a 530 after the J. I. Case & Co. 530 Construction King tractor.[edit] Engineering tractors A tractor factory in Chelyabinsk in the Soviet Union circa 1930.The durability and engine power of tractors made them very suitable for engineering tasks. Tractors can be fitted with engineering tools such as dozer blade, bucket, hoe, ripper, and so on. The most common attachments for the front of a tractor are dozer blade or a bucket. When attached with engineering tools the tractor is called an engineering vehicle.A bulldozer is a track-type tractor attached with blade in the front and a rope-winch behind. Bulldozers are very powerful tractors and have excellent ground-hold, as their main tasks are to push or drag things.Bulldozers have been further modified over time to evolve into new machines which are capable of working in ways that the original bulldozer can not. One example is that loader tractors were created by removing the blade and substituting a large volume bucket and hydraulic arms which can raise and lower the bucket, thus making it useful for scooping up earth, rock and similar loose material to load it into trucks.A front-loader or loader is a tractor with an engineering tool which consists of two hydraulic powered arms on either side of the front engine compartment and a tilting implement. This is usually a wide open box called a bucket but other common attachments are a pallet fork and a bale grappler.Other modifications to the original bulldozer include making the machine smaller to let it operate in small work areas where movement is limited. There are also tiny wheeled loaders, officially called Skid-steer loaders but nicknamed "Bobcat" after the original manufacturer, which are particularly suited for small excavation projects in confined areas.[edit] EPA tractor A Ford rebuilt to an EPA tractor. A Volvo Duett rebuilt to an EPA tractor. Obviously the intended use is no longer as a farm vehicle. An "A tractor" based on Volvo 760. Notice the slow vehicle triangle and the longer boot.During World War II there was a shortage of tractors in Sweden and this led to the invention of a new type of tractor called the EPA tractor (EPA was a chain of discount stores and it was often used to signify something lacking in quality). An EPA tractor was simply an automobile, truck or lorry, with the passenger space was cut off behind the front seats, equipped with two gearboxes in a row. When done to an older car with a ladder frame, the result was not dissimilar to a tractor and could be used as one.After the war it remained popular, now not as a farm vehicle, but as a way for young people without a driver's license to own something similar to a car. Since it was legally seen as a tractor it could be driven from 16 years of age and only required a tractor license. Eventually the legal loophole was closed and no new EPA tractors were allowed to be made, but the remaining were still legal, something that led to inflated prices and many protests from people that preferred EPA tractors to ordinary cars.In March 31, 1975 a similar type of vehicle was introduced, the A tractor [from arbetstraktor (work tractor)]. The main difference is that an A tractor has a top speed of 30 km/h. This is usually done by fitting two gearboxes in a row and not using one of them. Volvo Duett was for a long time the primary choice for conversion to an EPA or A tractor, but, since supplies have dried up, other cars have been used, in most cases a Volvo.[edit] Other types of tractorsThe term tractor (US & Canada) or tractor unit (UK) is also applied to:Road tractors or tractor units Heavy-duty vehicles with large engines and several axles. These tractors are designed to pull long semi-trailers, most often for the transport of freight of some kind over a significant distance (see also semi-trailer truck). In England this type of "tractor" is often called an "artic cab". Locomotive tractors (engines) or Rail car movers The amalgamation of machines, electrical generators, controls and devices that comprise the traction component of railway vehicles Artillery tractors Vehicles used to tow artillery pieces of varying weights.