物资管理 Material management managementMaterials management is the branch of logistics that deals with the tangible components of a supply chain. Specifically, this covers the acquisition of spare parts and replacements, quality control of purchasing and ordering such parts, and the standards involved in ordering, shipping, and warehousing said parts.Areas of ConcentrationMaterials management can be broken down into three areas: acquisition, quality control, and standards.AcquisitionThe bulk of materials management deals with the same sort of concepts as supply chain management,the difference is that materials management deals with surplus material or material that is warehoused for future use. A materials management operation thus conducts a large amount of the acquisition of parts and material used by supply chain operations "down the line". Some studies in SCM indicate that a poorly organized materials management program can cripple supply efforts more so than inefficiencies in the supply chain itself. [StandardsThe final component of materials management is standards compliance. There are standards that are followed in supply chain management that are critical to a supply chain's function. For example, a supply chain that uses |just-in-time or lean replenishment requires absolute perfection in the shipping of parts and material from purchasing agent to warehouse to place of destination. Systems reliant on vendor-managed inventories must have up-to-date computerized inventories and robust ordering systems for outlying vendors to place orders on. Materials management typically insures that the warehousing and shipping of such components as are needed follows the standards required to avoid problems. This component of materials management is the fastest changing part, due to recent innovations in SCM and in logistics in general, including outsourced management of warehousing, mobile computing, and real-time logistical inventories.Materials Management WeekEach year, an entire week is dedicated to celebrating resource and materials management professionals for their outstanding contributions to healthcare and the overall success of the supply chain. National Healthcare Resource & Materials Management Week (MM Week) provides an opportunity to recognize the integral role materials management professionals play in delivering high-quality patient care throughout the healthcare industry. In 2007 Material Management Week is October 8-12.Quality AssuranceMaterials management also ensures that parts and materials used in the supply chain meet minimum requirements by performing quality assurance (QA). While most of the writing and discussion about materials management is on acquisition and standards, much of the day to day work conducted in materials management deals with QA issues. Parts and material are tested, both before purchase orders are placed and during use, to ensure there are no short or long term issues that would disrupt the supply chain.
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