FIGURE9.4 FIGURE9.4 Reversing two-high roughing mill (American Iron & Steel institute) 粗轧机换向穿孔(美国铁和钢所) FIGURE9.5 FIGURE9.5 Operator at console of reversing two-high roughing mil (Courtesy of Bethlehem Steel Corporation) 在控制台操作员的粗轧机组扭转穿孔mil(由伯利恒钢铁公司) FIGURE9.6 FIGURE9.6 which can be drilled. 可以操练。 heated. 加热。 or welded without such complications as work hardening. 没有这样的并发症或焊接工作硬化。 embrittlement. 脆化。 or cracking. 或开裂。 Blooms are sometimes further reduced in size to billets mills(Figure 9.8)before being processed into finished products such as bar and rod stock . 花开有时被进一步减少坯尺寸米尔斯(见图9.8),才能被加工成成品如酒吧和杆的股票。 Bar and rod (from which wire is made) can be made of either low-carbon steel or higher-carbon and alloy steel. 酒吧和杆(线)也可以制成或higher-carbon低碳钢、合金钢。 As the ingot is carried through the massive rolls the hot, plastic steel is squeezed to a smaller thickness . 作为钢锭进行大量卷通过热、塑性钢挤到一个规模较小的厚度。 The rolls are brought closer together on each pass, causing the ingot to get longer and thinner as it passes between the rolls (Figure9.9). 辊带在每一个通过更紧密地结合在一起,使钢锭得到长、变细,因为它运转至辊(Figure9.9)。 Rolled shapes become quite long and must be cut to standard customer-length (Figure9.10). 卷形状变得很长,要用标准的customer-length(Figure9.10)。 Different configurations of the rolling mills include two-high, three-high , four-high, cluster mill, and tandem rolling mill. 不同的配置包括穿孔轧钢厂,three-high,four-high、聚类厂、和连轧机组。 The two-high rolling mill can be used for reducing the stock by reverse action; however, because of the large inertia of the rolls it requires a complex mechanism for reversing direction of rotation. 轧机的穿孔可用于降低股票的逆向行动;然而,因为大惯性辊子的复杂机制,它需要一个逆转的旋转方向。 The three-high rolling mill has the advantage over the two-high mill that the direction of rotation of rolls does not have to be reversed. 这three-high轧机具有优势穿孔磨辊的旋转方向的不需要会扭转。 In one pass, stock is passed between the top two rolls, then the stock is lowered and passed between the lower two rolls, after which it is lifted and the operation is repeated (Figure9.9). 在一关,股票之间通过前两个圆面包,然后股票下降,通过降低两卷之间,随后它提升并操作重复(Figure9.9)。The only disadvantage of this configuration is that it requires an expensive handling system. 唯一的缺点是,它需要配置一个昂贵的处理机制。 Four-high(Figure9.9 and 9.11) and cluster mills (Figure9.9) use rolls of small diameter to reduce the dimension of the stock, since smaller-diameter rolls require less energy and force for the same effect……. Four-high(Figure9.9和9.11)和聚类工厂(Figure9.9)使用卷直径小的尺寸,降低库存,因为smaller-diameter需要更少的能量和力辊为同样的效果……。 FIGURE9.7 FIGURE9.7 Structural steel and rails are rolled from blooms or ingots. 钢结构与钢轨滚动从开花或锭。 Standard shapes are produced on mills equipped with grooved rolls. 标准的形状都由工厂配备沟槽卷。 Wide-flange sections are rolled on mills that have ungrooved horizontal and vertical rolls (American Iron & Steel Institude). Wide-flange截面轧机轧制的水平和垂直ungrooved卷(美国铁和钢Institude)。 FIGURE9.8 FIGURE9.8 Steel billet emerges from 35-in, blooming mill. 暴露在35-in钢坯,盛开厂。 The billet has been rolled from an ingot. 板坯轧制钢锭已经从一个。 The product of this mill will eventually be made into bars. 本厂的产品最终将被制成的酒吧。 Dials on the two-stand mill indicate size of billet being rolled. two-stand面板上的显示被磨的毛坯尺寸轧制。 Alloy and tool steel ingots are processed in this particular mill (Courtesy of Bethlehem Steel Corporation) 合金及工具钢锭处理在这个特别的机(由伯利恒钢铁公司) FIGURE9.9 FIGURE9.9 Diagrams demonstrating various arrangements of rolls and rolling procedures used in steel mills. 图表展示出各种安排卷轧制程序用于钢铁厂等。 Operation under extreme heat and pressure, rolls must frequently be changed, and a supply of new or new or refinished mill rolls is always maintained from the mill`s own machine shop (American Iron & Steel Insitute) 运行在极端的温度和压力,罗斯要经常被改变,而且供应此新的或新或磨辊轧机始终保持在自己的工作室(美国铁和钢不断)