工程英语翻译课文

第一个句子 在数学，物理，化学工程课程的重点，通过消除，但尤其是前两年的... 第二句 的统计研究，预计处理的通信量的桥梁。在桥梁设计中的变量，诸如水的冲击压力，风，和许多其它因素的影响的基础上，必须加以考虑。 ？大致意思是仅供参考。

你好，给排水科学与工程 Water science and Engineering

Mine electrical power: 采矿电动功率Power consumption: 功率消耗

WOOD BRIDGE FAILURE ANALYSISby Charles C. Roberts, Jr. There are many private bridges owned by insured's throughout the country. The maintenance of these bridges is typically the responsibility of the insured. From time to time, a vehicle traveling over the bridge will cause a collapse of the bridge, damage to the vehicle and possible personal injury. The owner of the bridge, the insured, is often accused of negligent maintenance of the structure. This may or may not be true. Factors regarding the loss that tend to implicate the insured are: 1. Deterioration of the wood bridge structure 2. Improper design of the bridge structure 3. Improper construction Deterioration of the wood structure can be easily observed from failed wood members (see Claims, March 1991, Wood Failure Analysis). Dry rot, insect attack, and other decay related failure modes signal the weakening of the structure. Improper design can be assessed by looking at plans and determining the load capacity of the structure by calculation. Improper material selection such as not specifying treated wood at specific locations may be a design deficiency. Finally, improper construction, such as failure to install members or bolts can sufficiently weaken a structure. The mere failure of a bridge, where the claimant gets "dumped in the creek" is not usually persuasive in assigning liability to the insured. Some examples of factors implicating claimants are: 1. Operating an overloaded vehicle2. Impacting the structure causing failure3. Traveling at a speed such that dynamic forces overload the structureFIGURE 1FIGURE 2Overloading a construction vehicle to save trips to the rock quarry is not unheard of. Vehicular impact with a bridge structural member can cause failure. Dynamic forces, those caused by bouncing or swaying, can superimpose additional loads on the bridge, causing a failure. Figure 1 is a view of a large truck that attempted to back over a private bridge to dump a load of gravel. Immediately, when the rear dual axles of the truck were supported by the bridge, a collapse occurred, trapping the truck on the bridge. The truck was recovered and the bridge analyzed. Figure 2 shows a wood beam that had failed in a rotted area. The loss scenario is a classic failure to maintain. FIGURE 3FIGURE 4Figures 3 and 4 are views of a private suspension footbridge over a small creek. The insured was in the habit of letting snowmobilers drive their sleds over the bridge between farm fields. While crossing the bridge, a sled and driver fell through the bridge into the creek. Failure analysis of the wood stringers showed a degree of rot, reducing the load carrying capacity. However, the bouncing of the snowmobile as it crossed the wood stringers added dynamic loading to