英语状语类型

英语中的状语按其用途，可以分为时间状语、地点状语、方面状语、原因状语、结果状语、目的状语、条件状语、让步状语、程度状语、方式状语、伴随状语等11种。 一、时间状语 She is to be married next month. 她预定在下个月结婚。 I'll meet you at 4 o'clock. 我将在4点钟和你见面。 A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday. 昨天许多学生误了我的课。 二、地点状语 He lives over the mountain. 他住在山的那一边。 I first met him in Paris. 我初次见到他是在巴黎。 The children are swimming in the river. 孩子们正在河里游泳。 注：地点状语除表位置外，还可以表“出发”“去向”“距离”等。如： Are you glad to be going back to school? 返回学校你感到高兴吗? They lived many miles from the town. 他们住的地方离镇子好几英里远。 三、方面状语 She is very weak in physics. 她物理很不行。 China is very rich in natural resources. 中国自然资源丰富。 This is better in every way than that. 这个在哪一方面都比那个要好。 The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 150 meters in height. 这座桥长2500米，高150米。 四、原因状语 He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话，他很吃惊。 He succeeded by hard work. 他由于努力工作而成功。 He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因为抢劫而坐牢。 Last week she fell ill from cold. 上星期她着凉生病了。 We're proud of our motherland. 我们为祖国感到骄傲。 五、结果状语 He talked his wife into buying a car. 他说服他妻子买一辆小汽车。 The box is too heavy for me to lift. 这个箱子太重了，我提不动。 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。 He went to Africa in 1963, never to come back. 他在1963年到非洲，然后就再也没回来过了。 六、目的状语 They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 He saves on behalf of his son. 他为儿子存钱。 He stood aside for her to pass. 他靠边站让她过去。 He cupped his ear to hear better. 他的手捂着耳朵，以便听得更清楚。 He went to the south in search of a better life. 他去南方寻求更好的生活。 I went to France not to study French, but to study architecture. 我去法国不是为了学法语，而是为了学建筑。 七、条件状语 Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？ United, we stand；divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。 With more money I would be able to buy it. 钱多一点的话，我就买得起。 To look at him you could hardly help laughing. 看到他你就会忍不住笑起来。 We must be losing at least a third of our staff under new technology. 在新的技术条件下，我们必定要解雇至少三分之一的员工。 Weather permitting, we'll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们将于明天进行比赛。 八、让步状语 For all his money, he's a very lonely man. 他虽然富有，可是非常寂寞。 Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill. 卡洛尔尽管感到不舒服仍去上了班。 With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。 You couldn't do that to save your life. 你即使为了救自己的命也不能那样做。 Laughed at by everybody, he had my sympathy. 人人都嘲笑他，但我却同情他。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。 九、程度状语 I don't like coffee very much. 我不太喜欢咖啡。 To a great extent, it is not fair. 在很大程度上，这是不公平的。 The system which is used in this school is very successful. 这个学校所施行的制度是非常成功的。 十、方式状语 We came on the bus. 我们坐公共汽车来的。 You must pay the bill in cash. 你必须用现金付账。 I watched the game on television. 我在电视上收看了那场比赛。 We see with our eyes, and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听。 I heard of the job through a newspaper advertisement. 我从报上的广告中知道了这个工作。 十一、伴随状语 I slept with the window open. 我开着窗睡觉。 She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着泪水说再见。 He ran up to her breathing heavily. 他气喘吁吁地跑到她跟前。 He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗跑进屋来。

状语是句子的一个重要修饰成分，英语中的状语按其句法功能可分为三大类：修饰性状语、评注性状语、和连接性状语。

1、时间状语

常用引导词：when，as，while，before，after，since，not...until，until/till 等

特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant（ 瞬间，顷刻）, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when , scarcely … when（刚...就.../一...就...）,as soon as（一…就…）。

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

直到我成为了一个成年人我才意识到我的母亲是多么的特殊。

2、地点状语

常用引导词：where

特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

一般来说，有工厂的地方空气污染就严重。

3、原因状语

常用引导词：because, since, as,

特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.

My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.

我的朋友都不喜欢我，因为我又英俊又成功。

4、条件状语

常用引导词：if, unless,whether(whether...or not)

特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case（美语中表条件，英语中表目的）, on condition that

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.

如果总统同意，我们将开始我们的项目。

5、目的状语

常用引导词：so that, in order that

特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose of , to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。

6、让步状语

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词： as（用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装），while （一般用在句首），no matter …， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

尽管我很尊敬他， 但是我却不同意他的建议。

7、比较状语

常用引导词：as（同级比较）, than（不同程度的比较）

特殊引导词：the more … the more …（越来...越...） ; just as …， so…; A is to B what/as X is to Y; no … more than; not so much A as B,the 比较级 ,the 比较级.

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

她和她妈妈一样脾气很坏。

8、方式状语

常用引导词：as, as if

特殊引导词：the way

When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

入国问禁，入乡随俗。

9、结果状语

常用引导词：so … that, such … that, so that...

特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

他很早起床以便赶上第一班公共汽车