副词(adv.)修饰形容词或动词,形容词(adj.)修饰名词或者代词. 副词一般以ly结尾. 副词在句中作状语,一般靠近谓语动词或者在句首或者句末.形容词靠近所修饰的名词或代词,作定语. 建议你多读英语课本,有意识的分析句子的结构,找出主.谓.宾. 相信你的外语会有明显的提高的.容易混淆的形容词和副词形容词用来修饰名词;副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。可是,有时形容词和副词容易混淆。例如“A fast train reached the destination fast”中的第一个“fast”是形容词,第二个就是副词。此外,有些词既能是形容词,也能是副词,有些词义不变,另些词义不同;有些形容词加上后缀“-ly”构成的副词和原来的形容词意思相近,但有一些意义则相差甚远;更有些形容词,除自己本身能兼而充当副词之外,又可以再加上后缀“-ly”构成派生副词,若不小心,容易引起混淆。 下面分别举例说明: ⑴可作形容词又可作副词,词义不同如: ①a. Joelle is a pretty child.(形容词) b. Tom will be back pretty soon.(副词) ②a. The old man has been ill for some time.(形容词) b. Don't speak ill of others.(副词) ⑵既是形容词,也是副词,句子中的语法功能不同,但意义一样,如: ③a. What a deep ocean it is !(深的) b. The boy dug deep into the ground.(深) ④a. Look at the high mountain!(高的) b. Birds fly high in the sky.(高) ⑶形容词可以充当副词,又可以加上后缀,构成派生副词。在某些场合,两者相近,可以通用(如例⑤和⑥);在另一些场合里,两者意思有异,不可混为一谈(如例⑦和⑧): ⑤a. Hold it tight, please! b. Hold it tightly, please! ⑥a. Please read slower. b. Please read more slowly. ⑦a. John came late yesterday.(迟) b. John has been working hard lately.(最近) ⑧a. Jason works hard.(努力地) b. Susan hardly works.(几乎不) ⑷有些形容词或副词,同时有多个意思,如: ⑨a. Hard labour(苦工) b. Hard times(艰难时代) ⑩a. The baby is fast asleep.(睡得熟) b. Run fast, please!( 请快跑) c. Hold the rope fast!(紧握绳索) ⑸同词根的派生形容词和形容词及分词间,意思虽甚接近,但容易引起混乱,如: 11a. The child is sleepy.(昏昏欲睡) b. The child is still asleep.(还在睡眠中) c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child?(睡着的) 12a. Diana feels lonely/ lonesome in the big house.(感到寂寞) b. Mary was alone in the office last night.(独自) 13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.(整夜未眠) b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.(整夜未眠) c. What did you do during your waking hours last night?(醒着的时刻) (a)和(b)意思相近,但(a)的 awake 只能作补足语;(b)的 wakeful 则没有这个局限。(c)里的waking 现在分词和(a)及(b)的两个形容词也似同非同,不易随意取代。在英语中,某些形容词词形同时也可作副词,但这些形容词还有加后缀-ly 副词的形式,因此这类词就有两种副词形式,它们在用法上有些可以互换, 有些是有区别,下面笔者对这类词做一总结。 一般地说,可以互换的这类词,形容词词形的副词表示比较具体的概念, 经常用语口语中,不太正式;后缀-ly形式的副词,表示比较抽象的概念,有引申义,并有一定感情色彩,变副词比较级时,用此类副词,如修饰动词和分词,放在它们前面。1) cheap: often used instead of cheaply, esp. in casual conversation and with verbs like buy and sell Do you like this shirt? I bought it really cheaply.cheaply I can't sell you more cheaply. 2) clean: completely, used with (1) verb forget (2) the proposition over, through (3) adv away out I ~ forget. The ball sailed ~ over the roof. The prisoner got ~ away. I am afraid I am clean out of food.cleanly: precisely in a clean manner, often used with v cut. He caught the ball ~ . The doctor cut ~ through the abdominal wall.3) clear: not touching Please stand clear of the gate.clearly: distinctly, obviously, similar to the meaning of clear I can't see ~ without my glasses. We ~need to think again.4) close: near Come close, I want to tell you something.closely: carefully, with great attention Study this ~ it's very important.5) dead: exactly completely, used in certain expressions ~ right, ~ sure, ` tired, ~ slow, ~ ahead, ~ drunk, ~ straightdeadly: fatally He was ~ injured in the crash.6) direct: used instead of directly in talking about journeys and timetables The plane goes ~ from London to Houston.7) easy: used in certain expressions Take it easy. easy come, easy go. Easier said than done.easily I can do very easily.8) fair: used in the expression play ~, fight ~ fairly: justly, honestly You must do it ~.9) fine: well, used in some expressions That suits me fine. You are doing ~.finely: elaborately (细微地) (not commonly used He studied it very finely.10) free: without payment You can't eat ~ in my restaurant.freely: without limit or restriction(限制) You can't speak ~ in front of my father.11) hard: to show degree He hit hard.hardly: almost not12) high it refers to high position. Don't go higher. It is dangerous.highly: it refers to an extreme degree "very much". She is ~ paid. It is ~ amusing.13) just: a moment ago I have just come here.justly: in accordance with justice or the law. You must do it justly.14) late: not on time He hates arriving late.lately: recently I haven't heard from you lately.15) loud: used instead of loudly in informal conversation with the verbs talk, speak, shout, laughloudly: in a big voice They quarreled ~.16) low: in a small voice Can you speak low?lowly: in a humble way Don't speak to him lowly.17) most: very Which do you like most?mostly: mainly, most often, in most cases18) pretty: rather ~ well, ~ soonprettily: pleasing to people (悦人地) He danced ~.19) quick: in informal English used instead of quicklyquickly He acted ~.20) real in informal English used instead of reallyreally Are you ~ tell me the truth.21) right: just, exactly, all the way The ball hit me ~ in the nose. He arrived ~ after breakfast. Turn right at the traffic lights.rightly: correctly right can be used informally instead of rightly You guessed right(ly)22) sharp: punctually 准时地 He arrived at six o'clock ~.sharply: 锐利地,急剧地look ~ speak ~23) short: suddenly The car stopped suddenly.shortly: soon He will come shortly.24) slow used in informal conversation instead of slowly go ~, drive ~ 25) sound: 彻底地 used in the expression sound asleepsoundly: 非常好地 He is sleeping soundly.26) straight and straightly used in the same way.27) sure: used in American English meaning certainly surely: He speaks very surely.28) tight: used instead of tightly in informal conversation. hold ~, pack ~. The door was shut ~.tightly: We'd better sit tightly.29)wide: He opened his eyes wide.widely: in many different places He has traveled widely.30) wrong used instead of wrongly in informal conversation. You guessed wrong(ly)