概要写作英语

高考时期，遇到概要的英语写作，我们有什么技巧可以解决? 高考英语概要写作范文 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground. 高考英语概要写作方法 Part I. 什么是摘要? A summary is a short account giving the main points of something longer or detailed. 概括部分包含几种能力。第一要看清楚文章的结构，设法反映出原文中作者的观点。第二要具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比较复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。 对于成绩较差的同学来说，可能对概括感到无从下手。 读写任务的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容1为概括短文要点，还有写作内容2 则是就某个主题发表看法。然而，绝大部分的考生会忽略了写作内容2对写作内容1的导航作用，而一头扎进了阅读材料直接去阅读文章得出要点。事实上， 所谓读写任务其实是读和写的有机结合，读的材料是为了后面的写提供情景，同样， 写也是对读的材料的思考和延伸。故希望大家在概括文章时，可考虑命题人提供的写作内容2的导航作用，因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。 一、概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。 标准的概括采用浮凸式的表达方式，第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的，这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。 二、概括的写作步骤： 1. 确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。 2. 寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。 3. 重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。 4. 重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。 口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。(括：概括性。见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细腻：细节和例子) 三、概括的形式：主题句+支撑句 即主题+主题的什么。 附：2007年广东高考概括部分评分细则： 1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0分; 2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得1分; 3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语，宾语、原文词序的，得2分; 4.创造性地抄，改主语，宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得3分。 5.结构、用词，词性变化比较好的4至5分。 高考英语概要写作技巧 Part II. 写概括的具体方法 Ⅰ.The Steps of Writing a Summary A.定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时;如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时;不过，模板的开头语一般为现在时如The passage tells us that----- - --. B.定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。(特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称;) C.定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。 1)Use words of similar meanings同义替换法 I didn’t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient. I didn’t catch any fish_________ I was not patient. 2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正话反说法 You will fail. = You will ____________. 3)Change the part of speech词性转换法 Patience is very important. Patience is of _____________________ . 4)Change the structure of a sentence句式变化法 语态变换：Parents should give children more praise. →Children should ________ more praise. 简单句变复合句： Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster. Children should be encouraged more, _______ will help them learn faster.. 5)Use the shortest possible transitions连词衔接法 注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for, therefore, thus, including, instead of 等。 We should encourage children. We should not scold them. We should encourage children__________ scolding them. 6) Change the order of the words.词序改变法 D. 下列是常规的实用技巧。 Skill1: Omit (省略) the details Skill2: Omit the repetitions Skill3: Omit the examples Skill4: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific(具体的) words ) Skill5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 3) 删除具体例子。不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30个词，那就选择一至两个例子(即一两个主要节日)。注：原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 4) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如： She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation. 可以概括为：She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation. 5) 把文章的对话或直接引语(的要点)改成间接引语叙述。 6) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 7) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like. 可以概括为： He was very brave in battle. He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为：He was in financial difficulties. 8) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。 II.练习篇---- 学以致用。(Task1: Please follow the example to choose the proper skill from the above ones.) 1,Then, you can think of a way to make both sides happy. Here are some tips 1)Make time to talk. You could talk about your school life and your plans for the future. 2)..Keep a diary. It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. 3). Show your parents you are growing up. Wash your own clothes and help around the house. Which skill: ___________________________________________________ Summary:___________________________________________________________ 2. Sometimes, kids don’t think their parents are fair to them. When you want to dress in a modern way, your mum doesn’t like you to wear a mini-skirt. When you are making phone calls to friends, they ask whether you’re speaking to a boy or a girl. Which skill: ___________________________________________________ Summary: ______________________________________________________________ 3. Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly, You use too much salt on your food, Paul. It’s not at all good for you! Paul put down his knife and frowned, Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awfullike eating wood or sandjust imagine bread without salt in it! Which skill:___________________________________________________ Summary:______________________________________________________ 4. She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek, and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation. Which skill: _____________________________________________________ Summary: _____________________________________________________________ Ⅲ.Task2: find out how to summarize the whole passage 段意合并法 (说明文、应用文) 第一步, 通读全文, 领略大意; 第二步,小结每一段的大意; 第三步, 根据每一段的大意以及作者的侧重点, 综合归纳全文的大意. 对于说明性或描述性短文，可以用概括性文字说明某一现象。比如，可以概括如下 This article points out the common phenomenon 要素串联法(记叙文) 记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, when, what, who, how, 给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意。 主题概括法(议论文) 第一、找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说，主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。 第二、根据原文的词句(一般指关键词和全文或段落的主题句), 进行改写: 或用相应的同义词，或进行句型转换(如主动句改为被动句等等). 千万不要原封不动地抄写原文的词句. 第三、用连词连接各部分，使它连贯; 第四、整合中心要点，使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子，使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数(30个词左右)。 议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。 尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。可以采用如下方法概括：The writer of this article thinks that 或者你认为本材料的观点代表了一些人的思想，就可以说Some people think 还可以从中立的角度或用无人称的方式来说The article gives the view that Exercise: Match the main idea with the proper skill. 5. It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, I don’t think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night. I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, I enjoy cleaning windows at night. So do I, answered the policeman in the same tone. Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when he’s busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station? Well, I’d prefer to stay here, I said. You see, I’ve forgotten my key. Your what? he called. My key, I shouted. Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me Which skill: ____________________________ 点拨： 这是一篇记叙文，请从原文中划出时间、地点、人物、事情的经过和结果。 填充下面所给的summary, 注意如何借用词法，语法简化句子。 Summary: On arriving home __________ in the morning, the writer failed to wake up __________ by ringing the doorbell. He tried to _______________, but was found by _____________. Soon his shouting woke his wife. 6. Advertising can be a service to customers. This is true when advertisements give reliable information about the goods advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a sensible choice when he buys something. It is useful in that it lets him know of the kinds of goods in the shops. Printed advertisements do this job best. Customers can collect them and compare them. They can be taken along to the shops and their statements can be checked against and actual goods in the shops. Some advertisements are not very useful to the customers. Instead of helping the customer to satisfy his real needs, they set out to make him want things. They set out to make us believe that what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier, more handsome, if only we use it. The voice on TV says, Getaway people use XYZ petrol. The screen shows a picture of petrol pump for a fast expensive car owned by a boy with a pretty girlfriend. They drive off to the wonderful country or a lovely beach. Some people may feel that clever, successful people use XYZ petrol. Some might choose that petrol every time they fill up their cars. Skill: _______________________ Summary: 7..Students should think now about what extracurricular (课外的) activities they'd like to participate in. Participating in extracurricular activities may help you deepen your physical, creative, social, political, and career interests by bringing you into communication with other like-minded people you didn’t previously know. You can join groups as a way to get support from other students. A club or group can also be a great way to meet people who are different from you. Lots of youth programs bring people together with those who are different as a way to break down the barriers between people. Participating in extracurricular activities helps you in other ways, too. It looks good on college and job applications and shows admissions officers and employers you're well-rounded and responsible. Specific activities help with specific goals. The most basic reason for joining a club or team is that it gives you something better to do than staring at the wall, wandering the hall, or sleeping all afternoon. People who are participating are less likely to pick up bad habits, like smoking or drinking. Skill: ______________________________________ Summary: Ⅳ.积累模板Some Summary Models for You 要注意归纳和积累summary中常用的句式或模板。 A.如议论文的概要通常可以如此开头： The essay/passage/author highlights the importance of encouragement for students. The essay/passage/author argues in support of , stating that The essay/passage/author argues that we must not only value those who come first or are the best in any field but the others whose effort push them to success. The essay/passage/author discusses the impact of email. The essay/passage/author compares friendship with the comfort of home. The essay/passage/author outlines the harmful effects of smoking. B.而记叙文的概要则可以从以下模板中选择： The passage/story is about a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher. The author tells us a story about a ________. The passage is a story about ________. According to the passage, the hero in the story ________. C.通用型模板： According to the passage, we know This article is mainly about The writer states that As can be learn this passage, - - - The passage says that In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of 另外，更具体一点： (1) 记叙文概要模板 a.点明写作目的类： The writer tells us(主题)by showing us an example of, who/which(故事情节). b.作者经历类： In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, which c. 他人经历类： This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing sth.. (2) 议论文概要模板 The article gives the view that should/shouldn’t(主题). ..(补充论据). The passage highlights(强调) the importance of sth.. The author argues that (3) 说明文概要模板 a. 现象揭示类： This article points out the common phenomenon ----(主题), which.(补充解释). b. 利弊对比类： The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B. Awhile B The passage discusses the impact(影响)of sth. On the positive side, but it may also. c. 研究显示类： The study reveals(揭露) that The purpose of the report is to show that 附：练习参考答案： I. 定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。练习 1) because 2) not succeed 3) of great importance 4) be given; which 5) instead of II. 练习篇---- 学以致用。 1.Skill1: Omit the details There are some tips for children to follow so that they can get on well with their parents. 2. Skill2: Omit the examples. It is quite natural that we children look at the same problem differently from our parents. 3. Skill4: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech. Kate suggested that Paul should eat less salt. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless. 4. Skill3: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific (具体的) words. She brought home a lot of books and magazines to read during the vacation. 5. Summary: On arriving home at about two in the morning, the writer failed to wake up his wife by the doorbell. He tried to climb towards the bedroom window, but was found by a policeman. Soon his shouting woke his wife.(40 words) 6. Skill: ①段意合并法 (topic sentences or key words，if no topic sentences) Summary: Advertising can be useful when it provides customers with reliable information，while some advertisements are not the case as they are produced only to persuade customers to buy what they don’t need.(31 words) 7. 主题概括法(适合于议论文) Summary: The author (The passage) discussed the benefit of extracurricular activities including being a way to improve students’ health, widen their social circle and introduce them to new ideas and people. (30 words)

Many people are shy.It is mainly the result of. three son.Frist,people whos parents are shy maybe born shy,it comes from parents· genes.Second,those live in a small family is more possible to be shy than those live in a big one.Children growing without and having older brothers or sisters often be shy.Finally,whether to be shy depends on the attitude of people toward failure.japanese more possible to think themselves are shy because they often blame failure on themselves.bu 多吧

题目：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 1    Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict. "By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.  2   Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.  3 So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. "We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, "says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. "One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters.  4   Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into It. 我：本次概要写作文章脉络清晰，一段一要点，属于常规概要写作。以下提供的是我的读写思路：在主题语境下，注重句与句之间的逻辑分析，注重慢读细读读透，以期写的时候水到渠成。 本期侧重如何提取主题句（因为这个是首要的），提供了详细的解析与习作等，仅供参考。在写的环节，省去了同义替换等具体解说，请读者自行体会，最后还附上了Tom、陈圣林与李浩等老师的下水作文。感谢无私分享！ 由于时间仓促，如有疏漏，敬请批评指正。文章体裁：议论文 文章大意：父母对孩子的表扬过多过少都会带来不好的后果，恰当的表扬应着重表扬孩子做事过程中的努力而非结果。 每段大意： 1. 现在的父母表扬孩子过多，会带来负面的影响，如孩子害怕尝试新事物或者害怕达不到父母的高期待等。 2. 过少的表扬也是有害的，会让孩子觉得自己不好，没有得到父母的关心或觉得自己的努力没有意义。 3. 正确的方式应该是注重赞美的质量而不是数量，注重孩子努力的过程而非结果 。 4. 表扬要适当，要根据实际情况。 写作的步骤与策略： 第一步：通读全文 通读全文，关注到文章的体裁；关注到不断反复出现的词：praise ，（主题）关注到文章的谋篇：先讲表扬过多不好，再讲表扬过少也不好，然后提出怎样表扬才算好，最后来一个总结。 第二步：逐句逐段解读并用自己的话表达 第一段 Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says,“  We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict. "By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire（事与愿违） and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them. 阅读策略： 看完每个段落，问自己：这一段讲了什么呢？传递了什么主要信息，统领的信息是什么，支撑信息是哪些？然后暂定主题句，在之后的阅读中不断理解与修正（以下每一个段落都这样问问自己）逐句解析： 第一句话表示了存在的社会现状：Parents everywhere praise their kids. 第二句话：Jenn Berman提出了以前父母对孩子要求过于严格，但现在走到了反面。对于第一句传达的信息进行了修正。 Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “ We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict. " 第三句话给出了作者的观点：父母认为给孩子很多表扬是构建他们的自信，事实上可能情况相反: By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. 第四句话: 是对第三句话中the opposite的具体解析。为何情况相反呢？作者给出了假设与说明，作为支撑信息: Too much praise can backfire（事与愿违） and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them. 由此，第一句与第二句可以看作是导入：父母到处表扬孩子，Jenn Berman提出了以前父母对孩子要求过于严格，但现在走到了反面。 第三句作者提出了自己的观点：父母认为给孩子很多表扬是构建他们的自信，事实上可能情况相反。 第四句对第三句再解释。太多的表扬会让孩子由于害怕不能与表扬相匹配，不敢尝试新事物。 因此，暂定主题句第三句，可统领其他几句。 自己的话表达：(叙述角度的不同会带来细微的差别)  Nowadays, parents praise children too much, which may result in children’s lack of confidence in challenging. Parents believe praising can help boost children's confidence while too much praise may result in opposite effects. 第二段： 2 Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments. 第一句：不要走另一个极端。Still, don't go too far in the other direction.  第二句：不给足够的表扬与给的表扬太多同样有害。Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. 第三句：孩子会认为他们不够优秀或者你不关心他们，他们看不到努力获取成就的意义。Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments. 第一句给出观点，不要走另一个极端：表扬太少。第二句提出作者观点，表扬太少有害。第三句作为第二句的解释，说明具体是怎样的害处。自己的话表达：Kids may feel discouraged when not given enough praise.  The shortage of praising will trigger negative effects.   Inadequate praise can discourage them , and their endeavor is meaningless. 第三段： 3 So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. "We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, "says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. "One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters.  第一句：怎样的表扬才是合适的？So what is the right amount of praise? 第二句：专家们说表扬的质量比数量更重要。Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. 第三句：假如表扬是真诚的，关注于努力而不是结果，在孩子做了值得表扬的事情的时候尽可能多地表扬。 If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.  第四句：Donahue说，我们应该认可孩子尽力去达到目标所付出的努力。是过程而不是结果真正要紧。recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal； it's the process not the end product that matters. 自己的话表达： According to experts, it is the quality of praise rather than quantity that matters, which shows parents' sincerity and concentration on process instead of focusing on the outcome.  Experts say the quality of praise outweighs the quantity, which means what should be stressed are the process and effort. 第四段： 4 Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into It. 第一句：你儿子可能不是队里最好的篮球运动员。Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. 第二句：但是假如他每天在外打球很努力，不管他的团队输还是赢，都应该表扬他的努力。But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. 第三句：表扬努力的过程而不是结果也意味着当他们在努力地清扫庭院、烧饭菜完成读书笔记的时候你都是认可你的孩子的。Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. 第四句：不管是什么，表扬应该基于个案，与孩子投入的努力相称。 But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into It. 第一第二第三句的举例都为了表达我们要表扬孩子努力的过程而不是结果。第四句提出父母要怎样的表扬。自己的话表达：Parents are expected to praise kids on a reasonable basis in accordance with kids' amount of effort.Praise is supposed to be in line with actual cases and proportional efforts your child has made. 第三步: 整合成文 （请注意衔接等） 下水作文一：Tom 老师 Parents believe praising can help boost children's confidence while too much praise may result in opposite effects. However, inadequate praise can discourage them , and their endeavor is meaningless.  According to experts, it is the quality of praise rather than quantity that matters, which shows parents' sincerity and concentration on process instead of focusing on the outcome. In fact, praise is supposed to be in line with actual cases and proportional efforts the children have made. ( 76 words) 陈圣林老师： Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerable praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite effect. However, no praise from parents also does harm to their self-confidence. Therefore, experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the process not for the result. Meanwhile, kids do deserve praise if they strive to do their duty. Anyway, the amount of praise you have depends on how hard they work   （72 words）李浩老师: Parents praise their children to promote their confidence, but the overpraise may lead to an opposite effect. （要点1）However, inadequate praise is also harmful as it drives kids to lose motivation.（要点2）Actually, what really matters is the quality of praise, which should be sincere and concentrate on process rather than result.（要点3）Praise offers encouragement and recognition,  while it should base on the fact and correspond with the effort.（要点4）（66 words）