夫子庙英文

Nanjing Confucius Temple is located in Gongyuan Street on the north bank of Qinhuai River in Qinhuai District, Nanjing, west of Jiangnan Gongyuan.

It is located in the core area of Qinhuai scenery belt of Confucius Temple, namely Nanjing Confucian Temple, Nanjing Cultural Temple, and Wenxuan Wang Temple. It is the first place to worship Confucius.

The country's highest academic institution, one of China's four major literary temples, the ancient Chinese cultural hub.

And the historical and cultural gathering place of Jinling, is not only the cultural and educational center of Nanjing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also the cultural and educational building group that ranked first in the Southeast Provinces.

翻译：南京夫子庙位于南京市秦淮区秦淮河北岸贡院街、江南贡院以西，地处夫子庙秦淮风光带核心区，即南京孔庙、南京文庙、文宣王庙，为供奉祭祀孔子之地。

是中国第一所国家最高学府、中国四大文庙之一，中国古代文化枢纽之地、金陵历史人文荟萃之地，不仅是明清时期南京的文教中心，同时也是居东南各省之冠的文教建筑群。

扩展资料：

南京夫子庙始建于宋，位于市中心偏南 ，秦淮河北岸的贡院街旁。是由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，人们通常所说的夫子庙，实际包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大建筑群。南临秦淮北岸，从文德桥到利涉桥，东起姚家巷，西至四福巷，北邻建康路东段。

今天我们所见的夫子庙建筑，一部分为清末重建，一部分为近年重建。东西坊门所刻｜德配天地｜和｜道贯古今｜为曾国藩手迹。正门叫棂星门，后为大成门。

过大成门到大成殿，是专门祭祝孔子之处，东西有配殿和长廊。往后为崇圣殿，结构高大，过去是历代先贤祠。崇圣殿后为治山。山上有顾亭林饲。山顶上有敬一亭，可远眺钟山雄姿，近俯夫子庙全景。清末所建 江宁府学在夫子庙之东，现大部分建筑已毁。

参考资料来源：人民网-南京：夫子庙

Temple of Confucius or Confucian Temple is a temple devoted to the cult of Confucius and the sages and philosophers of Confucianism. Confucian temples are variously known as Confucian Temples (孔庙), Temples of Literature or Culture (文庙), or Temples of the Sage (圣庙). Some are also known as "Fuzi Miao" (夫子庙), after Confucius's unLatinised Chinese name: "Kong Fuzi" (孔夫子) or "Master Kong". HistoryThe largest and oldest Temple of Confucius is found in Confucius's hometown, present-day Qufu in Shandong Province. It was established in 478 BCE, one year after Confucius's death, at the order of the Duke Ai of the State of Lu, who commanded that the Confucian residence should be used to worship and offer sacrifice to Confucius. The temple was expanded repeatedly over a period of more than 2,000 years until it became the huge complex currently standing. The development of state temples devoted to the cult of Confucius was an outcome of his gradual canonisation. In 195 BC, Han Gao Zu, founder of the Han Dynasty (r. 206–195 BCE), offered a sacrifice to the spirit of Confucius at his tomb in Qufu. Sacrifices to the spirit of Confucius and that of Yan Hui, his most prominent disciple, began in the Imperial University (Biyong) as early as 241. In 454, the first state Confucian temple was built by the Liu Song dynasty of south China (420 to 479). In 489, the Northern Wei constructed a Confucian temple in the capital, the first outside of Qufu in the north. In 630, the Tang dynasty decreed that schools in all provinces and counties should have a Confucian temple, as a result of which temples spread throughout China. Well-known Confucian shrines include the Confucian Temple in Xi'an (now the Forest of Steles), the Fuzi Miao in Nanjing, and the Confucian temple in Beijing, first built in 1302. In addition to Confucian temples associated with the state cult of Confucius, there were also ancestral temples belonging to the Kong lineage, buildings commemorating Confucius's deeds throughout China, and private temples within academies. StructureMost Confucianist temples were built in Confucian schools, either to the front of or on one side of the school. The front portal of the temple was called the Lingxing Gate (棂星门). Inside there were normally three courtyards, although sometimes there were only two. However, the complex in Qufu has nine courtyards. The main building, situated in the inner courtyard with entry via the Dachengmen (大成门), was usually known as the Dachengdian (大成殿), variously translated as "Hall of Great Achievement", "Hall of Great Accomplishment", or "Hall of Great Perfection". This hall housed the Confucius Ancestral Tablet and those of other important masters and sages. In front of the Dachengdian was the Apricot Pavilion or Xingtan (杏坛). Another important building was the Shrine of the Great Wise Men (Chongshengci 崇圣祠), which honoured the ancestors of Confucius. Unlike Daoist or Buddhist temples, Confucian temples do not normally have images. In the early years of the temple in Qufu, it appears that the spirits of Confucius and his disciples were represented with wall paintings and clay or wooden statues. Official temples also contained images of Confucius himself. However, there was opposition to this practice, which was seen as imitative of Buddhist temples. It was also argued and that the point of the imperial temples was to honour Confucius's teachings, not the man himself. The lack of unity in likenesses in statues of Confucius first led Emperor Taizu of the Ming dynasty to decree that all new Confucian temples should contain only memorial tablets and no images. In 1530, it was decided that all existing images of Confucius should be replaced with memorial tablets in imperial temples in the capital and other bureaucratic locations, a rule still followed today. However, statues remained in temples operated by Confucius's family descendants, such as that in Qufu. WorshipThe state cult of Confucius centred upon offering sacrifices to Confucius's spirit in the Confucian temple. A dance known as the Eight-Row Dance, consisting of eight columns of eight dancers each, was also performed. Originally this was a Six-Row Dance, as performed for the lesser aristocracy, but in 1477 Confucius was allowed the imperial honour of the eight-row dance since he posthumously received the title of king. In addition to worshipping Confucius, Confucian temples also honoured the "Four Correlates" (四配), the "Twelve Philosophers" (十二哲), and other disciples and Confucian scholars through history. The composition and number of figures worshipped changed and grew through time. Since temples were a statement of Confucian orthodoxy, the issue of which Confucians to enshrine was a controversial one. By the Republican period (20th century), there were a total of 162 figures worshipped. The Four Correlates include Yan Hui, Zeng Shen, Kong Ji, and Mencius. The Twelve Philosophers are Min Zijian, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong, Cai Wo, Zi-gong, Ran You, Zi-Lu, Zi-You, Zi-Xia, Zi-Zhang, You Ruo, and Zhu Xi. A list of disciples of Confucius and their place in the Confucian temple can be found at Disciples of Confucius. Van Mieu, VietnamConfucian temples outside ChinaWith the spread of Confucian learning throughout East Asia, Confucian temples were also built in Vietnam, Korea, and Japan. Starting in the 18th century, some were even built in Europe and the Americas. At their height, there are estimated to have been over 3,000 Confucian temples in existence. The earliest recorded Confucian Temple in Vietnam is the Temple of Literature or Van Mieu in Hanoi, established in 1070. After 1397, with the construction of schools throughout Vietnam under the Tran, Confucian temples began to spread throughout the country. Well known Confucian temples were built in Hue, Hoi An, Hai Duong, and An Ninh. Outside China, the largest number of Confucian temples is found in Korea. Temples were first built during the Goryeo period. In the time of Yi Seonggye, it was decreed that Confucian temples should be built in all areas of the nation. Although Chinese models were followed, variations in layout and construction were common, such as the building of schools in front of temples. Korea also added its own scholars (the eighteen scholars of the East) to the Confucian pantheon. Historically, Korea had a total of 362 temples devoted to the cult of Confucius. After World War II and the division of the country, those in the north were converted to other uses. However, many of the 232 temples in the south continued their activities. In addition to temples devoted to the cult of Confucius, the Republic of Korea also has twelve Confucian family temples, two temples in private schools, and three libraries. Confucian temples (孔子庙 kōshi-byō) were also widely built in Japan, often in conjunction with Confucian schools. The most famous is the Yushima Seido, built in 1630 during the Edo period as a private school connected with the Neo-Confucianist scholar Hayashi Razan. Originally built in Shinobi-ga-oka in Ueno, it was later moved to Yushima (Ochanomizu) by the Tokugawa Shogunate and reopened as a school of Confucianism to spread the teachings of the Hayashi school. Other well known Confucian temples are found in Nagasaki, Bizen (Okayama prefecture), Taku (Saga prefecture), and Naha (Okinawa prefecture). Confucian temples are also found in Indonesia, where they are often known as "Churches of Confucius" as Confucianism is a recognised religion in that country. The largest and oldest is the Boen Bio in Surabaya, originally built in the city's Chinatown in 1883 and moved to a new site in 1907. There are reportedly more than 100 Confucianist litang (礼堂, halls of worship) throughout Indonesia.

Fuzi Temple is one of the most famous sightseeings in Nanking.夫子庙是南京最著名的景点之一Confucius Temple is one of the most famous places in Nanjing. It was built to memorize Confucius, and used to hold imperial examination. But now, it is a scenic spot. Confucius Temple is very beautiful. You can taste many famous Nanjing’s food there, and you can also visit the lantern festival by boat on Qinhuai River at night. It attracts many tourists all around the world every year. At the southwest of Confucius temple, there is a narrow alley called Wuyixiang. It is also very famous. If you come to Nanjing, don’t forget to visit Confucius temple! I’m looking forward to meeting you in Nanjing. 夫子庙是南京最著名的地方。它的建立是为了纪念孔子，用来举行科举考试。但现在，它是一个风景名胜区。夫子庙非常漂亮。你可以在那里品尝了许多著名的南京的食品，你还可以参观元宵节的晚上在秦淮河船。它吸引着世界各地每年都有很多游客。在夫子庙的西南部，有一个狭窄的胡同叫乌衣巷。这也是非常有名的。如果你来南京，别忘了参观夫子庙！我期待在南京与你会面。