
以下是我为大家整理的介词的用法 总结 讲解,希望能帮助大家更好地认识介词的用法,提高英语水平。
1.介词的分类
(1)简单介词如:at,by,for,from,in,of,on…
(2)复合介词如:into,onto,within,out of…
(3)双重介词 如:from under,since before,until after…
(4) 短语 介词如:in front of,because of,ahead of,according to…
另外,有的介词可以兼作副词(如:around,over等),有的介词可以兼作连接词(如:after,before等)。
2.介词短语在句中的作用
(1)作定语
例如:The man in black is Mr Zhang.穿黑衣服的人是张先生。
He is a man of wealth.他是个有钱人。
China is a country with a long history.中国是历史悠久的国家。
(2)作表语
例如:He was already in his forties.他已经四十多岁了。
You must remain in bed.你必须得卧床休息。
He was against slavery.他反对奴隶制。
(3)作状语
例如:At seventeen,he began to learn acting.
十七岁时,他开始学习表演。(时间状语)
We put the play on in a theatre.
我们在剧院上演这出戏。(地点状语)
We jumped with joy.
我们高兴得跳了起来。(原因状语)
He returned home for his dictionary.
他回家去取字典。(目的状语)
We went there by bike.
我们骑自行车去那儿的。(方式状语)
In spite of the heavy rain,they arrived.
尽管雨下得大,他们还是到了。(让步状语)、
(4)作补足语
例如:I found everthing in good condition.我发现一切状况良好。
Eevn his way of walking down the street and turning a corner could be recognaized as his own.
甚至他在街上走路时和在拐角处转弯时的那种姿态,都可以认为是他独有的动作。
The heavy rain kept us inside the house.(大雨使得我们待在了家里。)
3.关于介词值得注意的几个问题
(1)同一个介词的不同用法和意义,用at为例。
(A)表示地点,在……They are waiting for me at the gate.
(B)表示时间,在……时(刻) We usually get up at half past five every morning.
(C)表示状态,(正)在……中The Browns are at table.
(D)表示速度、价格,按……The truck ran at 40 miles an hour.
(E)表示动作对象、目标、向……Bob threw a stone at a dog.
(F)表示原因,由于…… He was surprised at his friend’s rudeness.
(G)表示能力,擅长于…… My sister is good at painting.
(2)同一介词跟不同动词构成不同意义的短语动词,以on为例。
(A)I hope to call on you in your office this afternoon.( 拜访 )
(B)We live on our salary.(依靠……生活)
(C)The price depends on quality.(依赖)
(D)He insisted on her staying in London.(坚持要)
(E)The doctor operated on her chest yesterday.(给……动手术)
(F)Put on your coat before you go out.(穿上)
(G)The village has taken on a new look.(呈现)
(3)同一动词跟不同介词构成不同意义的短语动词,以look为例。
(A)He looked about him but saw no one.(环顾)
(B)The boy is old enough to look after himself.(照料)
(C)Look at the photo,please.(看)
(D)What are you looking for?(寻找)
(E)I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible.(调查)
(F)I looked through today’s newspaper but I found nothing important in it.(浏览)
(G)You should learn how to look up word in a dictionary.(查阅)
(4)正确区分介词to和动词不定式符号to。
The murderer was sentenced to death.(介词)
The coffee in the cup is too hot to drink.(动词不定式符号)
(5)几种特殊的介词宾语。
(A)不定式作宾语:I desire nothing but to have a quiet room to study in.
(B)形容词作宾语:Although Spring has come,it is still quite cold instead of warm.
(C)副词作宾语:His father is fresh from abroad.
(D)介词短语作宾语:He has lived in Beijing since before liberation.
(E)由what,when,where,how等引导的从句作宾语(that从句例外):
(6)不要遗漏介词:
(A)不定式作定语修饰名词时,若该名词在逻辑上与其有动宾关系,不及物动词要有相应的介词。
Give me a piece of paper to write on.
(B)不定式在enough…to…句型中作结果状语时,若 句子 的主语在逻辑上与其有动宾关系,不及物动词要有相应的介词。
No bed is big enough for him to sleep on.
(C)在定语从句中,若关系代词是从句谓语动词的宾语,而这个动词又是不及物的,或者介词与关系代词一起表示时间、地点、工具时,都要有相应的介词。
I shall never forget the day on which I saw Premier Zhou for the first time.
I don’t know the person my father nodded to just now.
(D)在短语动词中,介词是固定的,不能随意变换,也不能省略。
4.容易混淆的几组介词举例
(A)after指以过去为起点的过去一段时间,跟过去时态连用,in指以现在为起点的将来一段时间,跟一般将来时连用。
He will come back in a week.一星期后他将回来。
He came back after three days.三天后他回来了。
(B)after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后,跟将来时连用。
I’ll be free after 5 o’clock.五点钟以后我有空。
He will come here after May 6th.五月六日后他要来这里。
(C)以将来(不是现在)某一时间为起点的若干时间之后,也可用after。
I’ll call on him next Monday and I’ll call again after two weeks.
(2)for,since,by,during
for表示某一动作延续到讲话时候为止,可以和完成时态连用;since其后跟表示时间的词语,多与完成时态连用,意思是从那个时候到讲话的时候;by表示时间上的界限,常与完成时和将来时连用,作“到……为止”解;during既可表示一段时间,又可表示这段时间内的某一点,意思是“在……期间”。
Where have you been since I last saw you?自从上次见面后,你去哪儿了?
They have stayed here for two months.他们在这儿待了两个月。
By the end of last term,we had learned 500 English words.到上学期末,我们学了五百个 英语单词 。
They swim every day during the holidays.假期他们每天 游泳 。
(3)by,with,in
by表示“以……方式、 方法 、手段”等,也可用来泛指某种交通工具;with表示“以……工具、手段”等,一般接具体的手段和工具;in表示“以……方式”或“用……语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)”等。
Did you come by train or by air?你是坐火车还是乘飞机来的。
I killed the spider with a newspaper.我用报纸打死了蜘蛛。
It’s written in ink.这是用墨水写的。
(4)in,on,to
in表示B在A的范围内;on表示B与A相毗邻;to表示B在A的范围之外。
China is in the east of Asia.中国在亚洲的东部。
I live in a town on the river.我住在临河的一个小镇上。
Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国的东方。
(5)across,over,through
across表示从一边到另一边,“横过”的意思;over表示跨过一段距离,“越过”的意思;through表示通过一个空间,“穿过”的意思。
The dog swam across the river. 狗游过了河。
Light comes in through the window.光透过窗户射进来。
There is a short cut over the field.有一条小路穿过这片原野。
(6)besides,except,except for
besides含有“加”的关系,表示“除……之外,还(包括)……”,属于肯定性质;except含有“减”的关系,表示“所有都(如此)……除了……之外”,属于否定性质;except for表示在说明基本情况后,而在细节上加以修正,其后面的宾语与句中所涉及的内容并非同类。
Fifteen students went there besides Tom.
除了汤姆之外,还有15个学生去了那儿。(汤姆也去了,共16个。)
Fifteen students went there except Tom.
除了汤姆之外,有15个学生去了那儿。(共15人,汤姆没有去。)
Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.
除了一些拼写错误外,你的 作文 很好。
5.介词使用特例
在下列情况下,表示时间的状语作状语时前无介词:
(1)以next或last开头的短语
例如:We are meeting next Tuesday.我们下周二见面。
He stayed with us last week.上周他和我们在一起。
(2)以this或that开头的短语
例如:What are you doing this evening?你今天晚上要做什么?
He was coming to give a talk that very evening.在那天晚上他要来做 报告 。
(3)以tomorrow或yesterday开头的短语,包括the day after tomorrow和the day before yesterday
例如:I have to get up very early tomorrow morning.明天早上我得早起。
She had her operation the day before yesterday.她前天接受了手术。
(4)以one,any,each,every,some开头的短语
例如:Then one year,the rains failed to come.然后有一年没有下雨。
You can come any day you like.你愿意哪天来就哪天来。
Every morning,the newspaper chief editor holds a meeting with the journalists.
每天上午,报社主编都召集记者们开会。
Some day,we will meet again.总有一天,我们会见面。
Plants grow well all the year round.植物一年到头都长得很好。
(5)以most开头的短语
例如:Most of the time,we eat fish.大部分时间,我们吃的是鱼。
考题精讲
1.上海 2003
The confernce has been held to discuss the effects of tourism_________the wildlife in the area.
A.inB.onC.atD.with
解析:本题考查名词与介词的搭配使用问题,根据句中effects这个名词,选择on,表示“对……有影响”,故排除A、C、D项,选B项。
答案:B。
2.广东 2004
I feel that one of my main duties_________a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.
A.forB.byC.asD.with
解析:as此处理解成“作为”。
答案:C。
3.the foot of the hill there is a beautiful lake and_________the top of it there is a tower.
A.At;inB.At;onC.In;atD.On;at
答案:B
解析:在山脚下要用介词at,而在山顶既可用at,也可用on。
4.He will spend his holidays_________ National Day.
A.atB.forC.afterD.it
答案:C。
解析:after与“在某一特定时间”的词语连用时,句子谓语动词既可用过去时,也可用将来时。此句可以把National Day当作一个特定的时间。意思是“他要在 国庆节 后度假。”
名题精练
1.—How long has this bookshop been in business?
—_________1982.
A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since
2.We offered him our congratulations_________ his passing the college entrance exams.
A.atB.onC.forD.of
3.American women usually identify their best friend as someone_________they can talk frequently.(2004·上海)
A.whoB.as
C.aboutwhichD.whith whom
4.Everyone enjoyed the party_________May Day,that is to say,_________this Saturday.
A.on;onB.at;on
C.at;inD.on;/
5.What kind of animal can live both_________land and_________water?
A.on;onB.in;onC.on;inD.in;in
6.The coffee shop is_________she street.
A.onB.acrossC.inD.to
7.Let’s walk over_________ the sun on the other side of the street.
A.toB.belowC.underD.by
8.In this matter,I’m sorry that I have to sideyou.
A.atB.toC.againstD.with
9.We normally use the front entrance_________ the building but there is another entrance_________the back.
A.to;toB.at;at
C.to;atD.of;in
10.The police have said that there is no connection_________the murders.
A.inB.forC.onD.between
11.To my horrow,I saw,_________my father’s shoulder,a gorilla.
A.onB.aboveC.overD.from
12.My first customer was a girl_________a red dress.
A.ofB. withC.onD.in
13.How long have you been up?
five o’lock.
A.AfterB.InC.onD.in
14.What language did you talk with the foreigner_________ ?
A. /B. inC. withD. by
15. He will always be remembered_________ one of the greatest teachers of the Chinese people.
A. byB. asC. likeD. for
16. —Where did you go_________ your holiday?
—I went to Hainan province.
A. toB. forC. inD. on
17. I stepped_________ the bus and_________ the snowstorm,but I was often_________ the highway.
A. from;into;onB. out of;into;off
C. out of;in;inD. off;through;from
18. He showed me a photo of the hotel he stayed_________ .
A. whereB. there
C. in itD. in
19. The camel was blind_________the right eye and only ate the grass_________ the left side.
A. on;inB. in;on
C. in;atD. at;on
20. Ideas_________what are good manners are not always the same_________ different countries.
A. of;inB. about;from
C. by; amongD. on; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
介词的用法讲解相关 文章 推荐:
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2. 地点介词用法详解
3. 介词的用法记忆口诀
4. 英语介词by用法归纳
5. 介词With的用法小结
6. 英语介词for的用法归纳总结
7. 介词“与”在文言中的用法详解
8. graduate的用法说明
9. 常用介词的分类及用法
介词是英语中常见的词性,为了对介词的用法有一个系统性的学习,我给大家 总结 了介词的用法,记得 收藏 哦!
介词的定义和种类
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 或者词与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独作句成分。介词一定要有宾语,充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的 其它 词、 短语 或 句子 ,短语或从句。
2. 介词的种类
(1)简单介词,如at, in off, on, by, to, with等。
(2)合成介词,如into, inside, within, throughout等。
(3)短语介词,如according to, because of, in addition to, in front of, in spite of等。
(4)二重介词,如from behind, from among, until after, at about等。
3. 介词的宾语
(1)名词:Let's go for a walk along the river. 咱们到江边散散步。
(2)代词:He's standing in front of me. 我站在我前面。
(3)形容词:Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。
注:有的形容词前可看作是省略了being。
(4)动名词:He's good at drawing.他善长绘画。
(5)过去分词:I took it for granted that she was for England.我还以为她是英国的。
注:过去分词作介词宾语只限于take…for granted 结构和用于regard…as后。
(6)不定式:I had no choice but to lie down. 除了躺下外我别无选择。
She did nothing but cry.她只是哭。
注:介词后通常是不能用不定式作宾语的,只有表示“除……外”的 but, except 等个别介词能接不定式作宾语。前面有行为动词do时,不定式不用 to,否则要带to。
(7)疑问词+不定式:I don't know how to improve my English.我不知道如何提高我的英语水平。
(8)副词:I didn't know it until recently. 直到最近我才知道此事。
(9)数词:He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。
(10)介词短语:She won't go home until after the exam. 她要考完试之后再回家。
(11)从句:Think of what I said. 想想我说的话(from www.yygrammar.com)。
I'm worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。
I have doubts about whether(不用if) he is the best man for the job. 我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
注:除except that, in that等后可接that从句外,通常只接连接代词、连接副词及whether引导的从句,也不接if引导的从句。
4. 介词短语的作用
介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,其用法如下:
(1)作定语:The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣的那个女孩是我妹妹。
注:介词短语作定语总是放在它所修饰的名词后面。
(2)作状语:Can you say it in English? 这个你会用英语说吗?
(3)作表语:He's in the office. 他在办公室。
(4)作补语:I always find her at her studies. 我经常发现她在学习。
(5)作介词宾语:I saw her from across the street. 我从街对面望见了她。
常用英语介词短语搭配例题
名词+介词 例:1997年1月四级第29题 It is useful to be able to predict the extent _______ which a price change will affect supply and demand. A) from B) with C) to D) for 本题考核介词和名词的搭配用法。空格后是一个定语从句,修饰主语中的名词extent。空格重要求填入一个介词,与extent组成短语,修饰谓语动词affect,表示程度。全句意思是:“能预测物价变动对供求的影响程度,会是很有用的”。extent前要用介词to。 From, with, 以及for 都不能与extent连用表示程度, 所以答案是C。
形容词 + 介词 例:1997年6月四级第59题 By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular ________ children as Coca-Cola. A) for B) in C) to D) with 本题考核形容词popular的介词搭配。全句的意思是:“到了1929年,米老鼠和可口可乐一样,受到孩子们的欢迎。”形容词popular后面可接介词with或among,意思是“广受欢迎的”。因此,答案是D) with。介词in在这类句子中可表示“受欢迎的范围”,但不能用in somebody。to有时可以表示"对于……来说",但不能与形容词popular搭配。介词for一般表示事物发生的原因,与全句意思不符合。
动词+介词 例:1997年6月四级第52题 He will agree to do what you require ___________ him. A) of C) to B) from D) for 本题主要考核动词require与介词搭配的用法。require something of somebody表示“要求某人做某事”。因此答案是A)。require后面不能接介词to。require后面接介词from可以表示"向某人要某物",不能表示"要求某人做某事"。require后面接介词for时表示"为了"或"供……之用",也不能表示"要求某人做某事"。因此都是错误的。
介词 + 名词 例:1999年6月四级第65题 I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. A) in B) to C) at D) on 答案是D) on。on the point of doing 是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他”。
(not…) until的用法 例:1997年1月四级第52题 _______ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home. A) Before B) Until C) From D) Since 从4个选项来看,只有until可以用于副词recently之前。所以答案是B) 。全句的意思是:“英国大多数做母亲的人直到最近才外出从事有偿劳动”。主句谓语若含有否定意义,until表示“直到……才”。如果用since,句子的谓语应当用完成式态have not taken;如果用before,句子是表示在最近之前没有外出工作,至于何时外出工作,可以是最近,也可以是将来某个时候;如果用from,全句意思完全相反,谓语时态也不能用过去时,所以只能选B)。
复合介词 例:1997年6月四级第34题 Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to ____ the color of his skin. A) with the exception of B) in the light of C) by virtue of D) regardless of 本句意思是:“这个国家里的每一个人,_____他是什么肤色,都有权住在他想住的地方”。空格中应填入“不管、无论”之意的复合介词。可见,答案是D)。其它选项的意思分别是:A) with the exception of(除了……之外),B) because of(由于,鉴于),C) by virtue of(借助、由于)都不适合本句。
常用英语介词的用法
一.介词at, in, on, by 表示地方、地点、位置
1.at 把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”
The begger is sitting at the corner. 那乞丐坐在角落里。
2.in 把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间
I live in London. 我住在伦敦。(大城市用in)
3.on 把地方、地点、位置当作一个平面
The author's name is on the cover of the book. 在书的封面上有作者的名 字。
4.by 用在表示位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意)
by the seaside在海边
二.at, in, on, by 用来表示时间
1.at (在、于)用指明一特定的时间、节日、年龄
at dawn/ at night/at noon/ 在黎明/在夜里/在中午
2.in (在、在…之内、在…期间、在…后、过…后)
in the afternoon 在下午 (在下午这段期间,呵呵,举一反三喔)
3.on (在…时、在(某日)、在某日早/午/晚、当…时候、和…同时、刚一…)
on the first在一号(指某月一号,如二号要说second等。其实意思是指某月的第 几天)
4.by (的时候、到、等到…已经) 用在天、时间
by 2 o'clock到两点钟
5.for, since 用于表示时间
用 for 用计量时间(年、月、日、时、分、秒等)
He held his breath for five minutes.他闭息达五分钟。
6.用 since 表示明确的日期或时间
He's woked here since 1980.自从1970年他就在此工作。
三.表示动作的介词:to ,toward或不用介词
1. 用 to 表示向某处移动
They were driving to work together.他们一同开车去工作。
2.toward 表示移向某处
We're moving toward the light.我们向灯光处移动。
3.不需要介词的词:home, downtown, uptown
Grandma went upstairs. yfa
方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析
1. 方位介词on, over, above 的用法辨析
A.介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.
B.介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?
C.介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.
2. 方位介词under 与below 的用法辨析
A.介词under是over的 反义词 即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.
B.介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.
3. 方位介词across, 、through 、over, 、past 的用法辨析
A.介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。
如:She went across the street to make some purchases.
B.介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。
如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.
C.介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
D.介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.
4. 方位介词in 、on 、at 的用法辨析
A.介词in表示“排、行、组”,如:We are in Team One.
B.介词on表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my left.
C.介词at表示“前、后”,如:I sit at the front of the classroom.
5. 方位介词to 、for 的用法辨析
A.介词to表示目的地或去的目的,如:Wil you take a train to Tianjian.
B.介词for表示动身去某地,如:He got on a train for Shanghai.
6. 地点介词at 与in 的用法辨析
A.介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.
B.介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.
7. 地点介词at 与on 的用法辨析
A.介词at用于门牌号,如:He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.
B.介词on用于路名,如:He lives on Nanjing Road.
8. 地点介词in 、on 、to 的用法辨析
A.介词in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north ofChina.
B.介词on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of theU.S.
C.介词to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England.
其他易混介词的用法辨析
1. 动作介词to 与toward 的用法辨析
A.介词to表示向某处移动,如:They were driving to work together.
B.介词toward 表示移向某处,如:We're moving toward thelight.
2. 原因介词because 、as 、for 的用法辨析
A.介词because表示“因为;由于”指直接的、明确的原因,回答why的问句,语气最强。
如:The boy was absent because he was ill.
B.介词as表示“由于;鉴于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。
如:She stayed at home as she had no car.
C.介词for表示 “因为;由于”指一种间接原因,甚至只是一种附带的说明。
如:It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.
3. 材料介词of 和from 的用法
A.介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时,如:The desk is made of wood.
B.介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时,如:Wine is made from grapes.
4. 表示“ 用” 的介词in 、with 、by 的用法辨析
A.介词in表示“用材料、语言”如:Can you say it in English?
B.介词with表示“用工具、某物”如:with a pen
C.介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过… 方法 ”如:He prefers traveling by car.
5. 介词between 与among 的用法辨析
A.介词between 表示“在两者之间”如:Don’t sit between the two girls.
B.介词among表示“在…当中(三者或以上)”如:They lived among the mountains in the past.
6. 介词besides 与except 的用法辨析
A.介词besides表示“除…之外(全部计算在内)”如:We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.
B.介词except表示“除…之外(不计算在内)”如:We are all Chinese except Tomin our class.
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常用的介词