文学名著英文

Chinese Literature - Novels and fictionHongloumeng 红楼梦"The Dream of the Red Chamber"Also called "The story of the Stone (Shitouji 石头记)", this novel written by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹 (d. 1763) is said to be the greatest masterpiece of Chinese fiction. A wide branched scholarship does not consent about the main theme of this novel, should it be a novel of sentiment, of Daoist-Buddhist enlightenment, of social observation, of the decay of an aristocratic familiy, or even a veiled attack on Manchu rule. The frame of the novel is the contest of a Buddhist and a Daoist priest who make be born a young noble boy called Jia Baoyu 贾宝玉 and his girl cousin Lin Daiyu 林黛玉. With a loving detail describing the life of the two cousins in a huge noble mansion, between gardens and palaces, the red thread is the triangular love between Baoyu, Daiyu and a second girl cousin called Xue Baochai 薛宝钗 that is of more plumper character than the ever sick Daiyu. Switching between their life, the divine world and dreams, Baoyu becomes deranged after the disappearance of a stone (the origin of the second title) he had in his mouth when he was born. Not knowing, his love Daiyu died, he is tricked to marrying Baochai. Becoming aware of being tricked, Baoyu leaves the world of the "red dust" and becomes a monk. With hundreds of persons and their stories, paralleling the life and feelings of servants to the life of the main persons, the story is very complex and full of symbolisms, but very interesting and convincing for its encyclopedic character, depicting the life of a noble familiy in the 18th century Qing China 清. 三国演义Romance of The Three KingdomsRomance of The Three Kingdoms is one of the great chinese classics and is compiled into a semi-fictional literary masterpiece during the Ming Dynasty by Luo Guanzhong. The novel comprises around 70+% fact and 20+% fiction. Some issues such as Guan Yu's weapon weighing around 40+ kilograms, the capabilties of Lu Bu, Liu Bei's horses as well as the existence of the Hill of the Fallen Phoenix and some others are probably fictional. That period in history can be said as the golden age of chivalry and although it happened more than 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the chinese. Tales of their exploits, courage, adventures and many more are told in the novel "Romance of The Three Kingdoms". It is one of the most turbulent periods in China's history taking place toward the end of the Han Dynasty where corruption is rampant in the imperial court due to eunuches holding power. Coupled with natural disasters such as floods, plague and locust swarms devouring the crops grown by the peasants, hunger and disatisfaction among the peasants soon escalated rapidly until a major rebellion known as the "Yellow Scarves Rebellion" led by Zhang Jiao broke out. (It was dubbed "Yellow Scarves" because the rebels tied a yellow scarf on their head). Initially just a small band of rebels, due to widespread hunger and ill-sentiment among the populace, swarms of common folks joined in the rebellion across many parts of the country. 三国演义人物介绍刘备 Liu Bei (161–223 AD), styled Xuándé (玄徳), was a general, warlord, and later the founding emperor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Although having a later start than his rivals, also lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded, Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm, that at its peak spanned modern day Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, part of Hubei, and part of Gansu. Culturally, due to the tremendously popular novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, Liu Bei is widely known as the ideal benevolent, humane ruler who cared for his people and picked good advisors. His character was to advocate the Confucian set of moral values, such as loyalty and compassion. 张飞 Zhang Fei (?-221 AD) was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Zhang Fei was shown to have been a masterful general rather than simply a warrior. He treated his superiors with respect, but had little respect for his underlings. He was often warned by Liu Bei that his habit of over-punishing his own soldiers by lashing and killing would eventually bring himself disaster. Zhang Fei married Xiahou Yuan's daughter, who was captured by Zhang Fei's troops as she was out gathering firewood. They had a total of two daughters, and the older daughter became the empress of Shu Han after marrying Liu Shan, with Zhuge Liang as the matchmaker. After Zhang Fei's eldest daughter had passed away due to natural causes, Zhuge Liang once again played the role of matchmaker, and Liu Shan married Zhang Fei's younger daughter, who thus succeeded her older sister to become the empress of Shu Han. Zhang Fei is best portrayed through his description and actions depicted in Records of Three Kingdoms biography by Chen Shou. Some claim that Zhang Fei was also an excellent painter. Zhang Fei was killed by his own men Zhang Da and Fan Jiang, while preparing his troops to attack the rival Eastern Wu to avenge the death of Guan Yu. Zhang Da and Fan Jiang went on to defect to Wu.水浒传Outlaws of the MarshThe novel "Outlaws of the Marsh" is somewhat like the Iliad and Odyssey... An ancient epic tale... no one remembers the period it was composed and immortalized.One knows this story is based on real facts and has inspired many storytellers.One knows the North Song Dynasty (XIIIth Century) lived its apogee and declined, a victim of corruption and decadence.One finds historical traces of these outlaws who challenged the imperial authority and died under the executioner's blade.At last, as anyone knows today that a man called Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, no one doubts anymore that a man called Shi Nai-an wrote down during the XIVth century the novel Outlaws of the Marsh that reached us.Everyone recognizes that Jin Sheng-tan, during the XVIIth century, published what is now famous as the original version of a novel that obtained the interest and infatuation of successive generations. Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh ("All men are brothers" in Pearl Buck's translation, "Shui hu zhuan" in Chinese, "Au Bord de l'Eau" in French ) is an immortal novel because its tale is universal : it speaks of beings (outlaws but also notables, strong muscled heroes but also intellectual, anarchists but also philosophers...) who cannot bear injustice nor abuse nor arbitrariness...That is the reason they are immortal and their popularity has lasted for centuries .Discover the 108 heroes, the episodes , the paper-cuts representing them, the Beijing operas their fighting exploits inspired...人物Gai Ping Health gave special love make the world anyway, famous arena. Like charges to stick, chicken, and did not take wives, all hit others physique. Village Creek Village haunted legends, villagers digging a river in the town engraved art, ghost was rushed to the East seven. Classical hell, then alone will be engraved Creek Village in places away from the East side down. Thus so-called "Tota kings". 晁盖平 生仗义疏财，专爱结交天下好汉，闻名江湖。喜欢刺枪使棒，身强力壮，不取妻室，终日打熬筋骨。传说邻村西溪村闹鬼，村人凿了一个青石宝塔镇在溪边，鬼就被赶到了东溪村。晁盖大怒，就去西溪村独自将青石宝塔夺了过来在东溪边放下。因此人称“托塔天王”。西游记Pilgrimage to the WestJourney to the West is a mythological novel based on many centuries of popular tradition. It was probably put into its present form in the 15708 by Wu Cheng’en (1500-82). This lively fantasy relates the amazing adventures of the priest San-zang as he travels west in search of Buddhist sutras with his three disciples, the irreverent and capable on-key, greedy Pig, and Friar Sand. The opening chapters recount the earlier exploits of Monkey, culminating in his rebellion against Heaven. We then learn how Sanzang became a monk and was sent on his pilgrimage by the Tang emperor who had escaped death with the help of an Underworld official. The main story, the journey, takes the priest through all kinds of entertaining trials and tribulations, mainly at the hands of monsters and spirits who want to eat him. Only the courage and powers of his disciples, especially Monkey, save him from death. Monkey is the hero of the fantasy, and the reader will soon learn why he has long been so loved in China. Will the pilgrims reach the Vulture Peak and obtain the Scriptures? The answer will only be found at the end of the lOO-chapter novel. The story is as full of imagination as Monkey is of magic, and packed with incident and down-to-earth humour. The illustrations are from 19th-century Chinese edition. This is the first of the three volumes of the novel

中国四大名著的英文名分别是《Water Margin》水浒传、《Romance of the Three KingdomsThe Three Kingdoms Era》三国演义、《The Journey to the West》西游记、《A Dream of Red Mansions》红楼梦。1、Shuihuzhuan, one of the four famous works in China, is a long chapter novel with the Songjiang Uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty as the main background and type of heroic legend.Authors or editors are generally regarded as Shi Nai'an. Most of the existing publications are signed by one or both of them, Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong.《水浒传》，中国四大名著之一，是一部以北宋末年宋江起义为主要故事背景、类型上属于英雄传奇的章回体长篇小说。作者或编者一般被认为是施耐庵，现存刊本署名大多有施耐庵、罗贯中两人中的一人，或两人皆有。2、The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of the four famous classical works in China. It is the first full-length historical Romance novel in China. Its full name is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (also known as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms).The author is Luo Guanzhong, a famous novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty.《三国演义》是中国古典四大名著之一，是中国第一部长篇章回体历史演义小说，全名为《三国志通俗演义》（又称《三国志演义》），作者是元末明初的著名小说家罗贯中。3、Journey to the West is the first Romantic chapter novel about gods and demons in ancient China. There are 100 copies of Journey to the West in the existing Ming Publications without the author's signature.Wu Yuxuan, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, first proposed that the author of Journey to the West was Wu Chengen of the Ming Dynasty.《西游记》是中国古代第一部浪漫主义章回体长篇神魔小说。现存明刊百回本《西游记》均无作者署名。清代学者吴玉搢等首先提出《西游记》作者是明代吴承恩。4、A Dream of Red Mansions, a Chinese ancient chapter novel, also known as Stone Records, has been listed as the first of the four classical works in China. It is generally believed to be written by Cao Xueqin, a writer of the Qing Dynasty.《红楼梦》，中国古代章回体长篇小说，又名《石头记》等，被列为中国古典四大名著之首，一般认为是清代作家曹雪芹所著。

《The Old Man and the Sea》（老人与海），《Le Comte de Monte-Cristo》（基督山伯爵），《The adventures of Robinson Crusoe》（鲁冰逊漂流记），《Uncle Tom's Cabin》（汤姆叔叔的小屋），《The Catcher in the Rye》（麦田里的守望者）。

1、《The Old Man and the Sea》（老人与海）

《老人与海》是美国作家海明威于1951年在古巴写的一篇中篇小说，于1952年出版。

该作围绕一位老年古巴渔夫，与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗而展开故事的讲述。尽管海明威笔下的老人是悲剧性的。

但他身上却有着尼采“超人”的品质，泰然自若地接受失败，沉着勇敢地面对死亡，这些“硬汉子”体现了海明威的人生哲学和道德理想，即人类不向命运低头，永不服输的斗士精神和积极向上的乐观人生态度。

它奠定了海明威在世界文学中的突出地位，这篇小说相继获得了1953年美国普利策奖和1954年诺贝尔文学奖。

2、《Le Comte de Monte-Cristo》（基督山伯爵）

《基督山伯爵》是法国作家大仲马创作的长篇小说，发表于1844—1846年。

故事讲述19世纪法国皇帝拿破仑“百日王朝”时期，法老号大副爱德蒙·邓蒂斯受船长委托，为拿破仑党人送了一封信，遭到两个卑鄙小人和法官的陷害，被打入黑牢。

狱友法利亚神甫向他传授各种知识，并在临终前把埋于基督山岛上的一批宝藏的秘密告诉了他。

邓蒂斯越狱后找到了宝藏，成为巨富，从此化名基督山伯爵（水手辛巴德、布索尼神父、威尔莫勋爵），经过精心策划，报答了恩人，惩罚了仇人。

该小说以基督山扬善惩恶、报恩复仇为故事发展的中心线索，主要情节跌宕起伏，迂回曲折，从中又演化出若干次要情节，小插曲紧凑精彩，却不喧宾夺主，情节离奇却不违反生活真实。

全书出色地运用了“悬念”、“突发”、“发现”、“戏剧”等手法，在叙述上有较大的叙述密度和复杂的人物关系。这一切使这部小说充满了叙述的张力，洋溢着叙述本身所产生的美。

因此，《基督山伯爵》被公认为通俗小说的典范。这部小说出版后，很快就赢得了广大读者的青睐，被翻译成几十种文字出版，在法国和美国多次被拍成电影。

3、《The adventures of Robinson Crusoe》（鲁冰逊漂流记）

《鲁滨逊漂流记》是英国作家丹尼尔·笛福的一部长篇小说。该书首次出版于1719年4月25日。

该作主要讲述了主人公鲁滨逊·克鲁索（Robinson Crusoe）出生于一个中产阶级家庭，一生志在遨游四海。

一次在去非洲航海的途中遇到风暴，只身漂流到一个无人的荒岛上，开始了段与世隔绝的生活。他凭着强韧的意志与不懈的努力，在荒岛上顽强地生存下来，经过28年2个月零19天后得以返回故乡。

这部小说是笛福受当时一个真实故事的启发而创作的。1704年9月，一名叫亚历山大·塞尔柯克的苏格兰水手与船长发生争吵，被船长遗弃在大西洋中，在荒岛上生活4年4个月之后，被伍兹·罗杰斯船长所救。

笛福便以塞尔柯克的传奇故事为蓝本，把自己多年来的海上经历和体验倾注在人物身上，并充分运用自己丰富的想象力进行文学加工，使“鲁宾逊”不仅成为当时中小资产阶级心目中的英雄人物。

而且成为西方文学中第一个理想化的新兴资产者。该小说发表多年后，被译成多种文字广为流传于世界各地，并被多次改编为电影和电视剧。

4、《Uncle Tom's Cabin》（汤姆叔叔的小屋）

《汤姆叔叔的小屋：卑贱者的生活》（英语：Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly），又译作《黑奴吁天录》、《汤姆大伯的小屋》。

是美国作家哈里特·比彻·斯托（斯托夫人）于1852年发表的一部反奴隶制长篇小说。这部小说中关于非裔美国人与美国奴隶制度的观点曾产生过意义深远的影响，并在某种程度上激化了导致美国内战的地区局部冲突。

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这部小说是19世纪最畅销的小说（以及第二畅销的书，仅次于最畅销的书《圣经》），并被认为是刺激1850年代废奴主义兴起的一大原因。

在它发表的头一年里，在美国本土便销售出了三十万册。《汤姆叔叔的小屋》对美国社会的影响是如此巨大，以致在南北战争爆发的初期，当林肯接见斯托夫人时，曾说到：“你就是那位引发了一场大战的小妇人。” 后来，这句话为众多作家竞相引用。

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》以及受其启发而写作出的各种剧本，还促进了大量黑人刻板印象的产生，这些形象在当今都为人们所熟知。

譬如慈爱善良的黑人保姆、黑小孩的原型、以及顺从、坚忍并忠心于白人主人的汤姆叔叔。最近几十年来，《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的这些消极成分，已在一定程度上弱化了这本书作为“重要的反奴隶制工具”的历史作用。

5、《The Catcher in the Rye》（麦田里的守望者）

《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格创作的唯一一部长篇小说，首次出版于1951年。塞林格将故事的起止局限于16岁的中学生霍尔顿·考尔菲德从离开学校到纽约游荡的三天时间内，并借鉴了意识流天马行空的写作方法，充分探索了一个十几岁少年的内心世界。

愤怒与焦虑是此书的两大主题，主人公的经历和思想在青少年中引起强烈共鸣，受到读者，特别是广大中学生的热烈欢迎。

从众多英国文学名著中，只列举十部太难了。莎士比亚：罗密欧与朱丽叶. Family fued, love, death笛福：鲁滨逊漂流记 adventure, self-relianceJonathan Swift:格利佛游记 adventure, humor, irony奥斯丁：傲慢与偏见 pride and prejudice, love, marriage, humor夏罗特-布朗蒂：简-爱 love and freedom, independence, women's rights艾米丽-布朗蒂：呼啸山庄 love and revenge狄更斯：大卫-科波菲尔 childhood innocence, social crimes托马斯-哈代：德伯家的苔丝 pure girl, social evilsT.S.爱略特：荒原 civilization and sterilization after world war oneD.H.劳伦斯：儿子与情人 love and freedom, sons and lovers and mother

中国四大名著的英文名分别是《Water Margin》水浒传、《Romance of the Three KingdomsThe Three Kingdoms Era》三国演义、《The Journey to the West》西游记、《A Dream of Red Mansions》红楼梦。

1、Shuihuzhuan, one of the four famous works in China, is a long chapter novel with the Songjiang Uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty as the main background and type of heroic legend.

Authors or editors are generally regarded as Shi Nai'an. Most of the existing publications are signed by one or both of them, Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong.

《水浒传》，中国四大名著之一，是一部以北宋末年宋江起义为主要故事背景、类型上属于英雄传奇的章回体长篇小说。作者或编者一般被认为是施耐庵，现存刊本署名大多有施耐庵、罗贯中两人中的一人，或两人皆有。

2、The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of the four famous classical works in China. It is the first full-length historical Romance novel in China. Its full name is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (also known as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms).

The author is Luo Guanzhong, a famous novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty.

《三国演义》是中国古典四大名著之一，是中国第一部长篇章回体历史演义小说，全名为《三国志通俗演义》（又称《三国志演义》），作者是元末明初的著名小说家罗贯中。

3、Journey to the West is the first Romantic chapter novel about gods and demons in ancient China. There are 100 copies of Journey to the West in the existing Ming Publications without the author's signature.

Wu Yuxuan, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, first proposed that the author of Journey to the West was Wu Chengen of the Ming Dynasty.

《西游记》是中国古代第一部浪漫主义章回体长篇神魔小说。现存明刊百回本《西游记》均无作者署名。清代学者吴玉搢等首先提出《西游记》作者是明代吴承恩。

4、A Dream of Red Mansions, a Chinese ancient chapter novel, also known as Stone Records, has been listed as the first of the four classical works in China. It is generally believed to be written by Cao Xueqin, a writer of the Qing Dynasty.

《红楼梦》，中国古代章回体长篇小说，又名《石头记》等，被列为中国古典四大名著之首，一般认为是清代作家曹雪芹所著。

扩展资料：

四大名著的相关影响：

四大名著继承载着无数文化精华，在浩瀚如烟的古典小说领域中如四座屹立不倒的高山，任沧海桑田如何变幻，其伟岸身姿始终不被湮灭。

不论是在艺术手法还是在思维深度上，它们都代表了中国古典小说的巅峰，是悠悠中国文学史上灿烂辉煌的一笔。

研读四大名著，为我们提供了阅历中国传统人文、社会、伦理、历史、地理、民俗、心理、处事策略的机会，在怡情悦性的同时，也让我们更深刻地理解自己的民族和文化。

参考资料来源：百度百科-红楼梦

参考资料来源：百度百科-水浒传

参考资料来源：百度百科-三国演义

参考资料来源：百度百科-西游记

参考资料来源：百度百科-四大名著

《三国演义》----《The Romance of the Three Kindoms》《水浒传》----《The Story by the Water Margin》《红楼梦》----《The Dream of the Red Chamber 》《西游记》----《Journey to the West》中国四大名著英文简介2009-06-07Chinese Literature - Novels and fictionHongloumeng 红楼梦"The Dream of the Red Chamber"Also called "The story of the Stone (Shitouji 石头记)", this novel written by Cao Xueqin 曹雪芹 (d. 1763) is said to be the greatest masterpiece of Chinese fiction. A wide branched scholarship does not consent about the main theme of this novel, should it be a novel of sentiment, of Daoist-Buddhist enlightenment, of social observation, of the decay of an aristocratic familiy, or even a veiled attack on Manchu rule. The frame of the novel is the contest of a Buddhist and a Daoist priest who make be born a young noble boy called Jia Baoyu 贾宝玉 and his girl cousin Lin Daiyu 林黛玉. With a loving detail describing the life of the two cousins in a huge noble mansion, between gardens and palaces, the red thread is the triangular love between Baoyu, Daiyu and a second girl cousin called Xue Baochai 薛宝钗 that is of more plumper character than the ever sick Daiyu. Switching between their life, the divine world and dreams, Baoyu becomes deranged after the disappearance of a stone (the origin of the second title) he had in his mouth when he was born. Not knowing, his love Daiyu died, he is tricked to marrying Baochai. Becoming aware of being tricked, Baoyu leaves the world of the "red dust" and becomes a monk. With hundreds of persons and their stories, paralleling the life and feelings of servants to the life of the main persons, the story is very complex and full of symbolisms, but very interesting and convincing for its encyclopedic character, depicting the life of a noble familiy in the 18th century Qing China 清.三国演义Romance of The Three KingdomsRomance of The Three Kingdoms is one of the great chinese classics and is compiled into a semi-fictional literary masterpiece during the Ming Dynasty by Luo Guanzhong. The novel comprises around 70+% fact and 20+% fiction. Some issues such as Guan Yu's weapon weighing around 40+ kilograms, the capabilties of Lu Bu, Liu Bei's horses as well as the existence of the Hill of the Fallen Phoenix and some others are probably fictional.That period in history can be said as the golden age of chivalry and although it happened more than 1700 years ago, characters such as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang have become household names among the chinese. Tales of their exploits, courage, adventures and many more are told in the novel "Romance of The Three Kingdoms".It is one of the most turbulent periods in China's history taking place toward the end of the Han Dynasty where corruption is rampant in the imperial court due to eunuches holding power. Coupled with natural disasters such as floods, plague and locust swarms devouring the crops grown by the peasants, hunger and disatisfaction among the peasants soon escalated rapidly until a major rebellion known as the "Yellow Scarves Rebellion" led by Zhang Jiao broke out. (It was dubbed "Yellow Scarves" because the rebels tied a yellow scarf on their head). Initially just a small band of rebels, due to widespread hunger and ill-sentiment among the populace, swarms of common folks joined in the rebellion across many parts of the country.三国演义人物介绍刘备Liu Bei (161–223 AD), styled Xuándé (玄徳), was a general, warlord, and later the founding emperor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Although having a later start than his rivals, also lacking both the material resources and social status they commanded, Liu Bei overcame his many defeats to carve out his own realm, that at its peak spanned modern day Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, part of Hubei, and part of Gansu.Culturally, due to the tremendously popular novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, Liu Bei is widely known as the ideal benevolent, humane ruler who cared for his people and picked good advisors. His character was to advocate the Confucian set of moral values, such as loyalty and compassion.张飞Zhang Fei (?-221 AD) was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China.Zhang Fei was shown to have been a masterful general rather than simply a warrior. He treated his superiors with respect, but had little respect for his underlings. He was often warned by Liu Bei that his habit of over-punishing his own soldiers by lashing and killing would eventually bring himself disaster.Zhang Fei married Xiahou Yuan's daughter, who was captured by Zhang Fei's troops as she was out gathering firewood. They had a total of two daughters, and the older daughter became the empress of Shu Han after marrying Liu Shan, with Zhuge Liang as the matchmaker. After Zhang Fei's eldest daughter had passed away due to natural causes, Zhuge Liang once again played the role of matchmaker, and Liu Shan married Zhang Fei's younger daughter, who thus succeeded her older sister to become the empress of Shu Han.Zhang Fei is best portrayed through his description and actions depicted in Records of Three Kingdoms biography by Chen Shou. Some claim that Zhang Fei was also an excellent painter.Zhang Fei was killed by his own men Zhang Da and Fan Jiang, while preparing his troops to attack the rival Eastern Wu to avenge the death of Guan Yu. Zhang Da and Fan Jiang went on to defect to Wu.水浒传Outlaws of the MarshThe novel "Outlaws of the Marsh" is somewhat like the Iliad and Odyssey... An ancient epic tale... no one remembers the period it was composed and immortalized.One knows this story is based on real facts and has inspired many storytellers.One knows the North Song Dynasty (XIIIth Century) lived its apogee and declined, a victim of corruption and decadence.One finds historical traces of these outlaws who challenged the imperial authority and died under the executioner's blade.At last, as anyone knows today that a man called Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, no one doubts anymore that a man called Shi Nai-an wrote down during the XIVth century the novel Outlaws of the Marsh that reached us.Everyone recognizes that Jin Sheng-tan, during the XVIIth century, published what is now famous as the original version of a novel that obtained the interest and infatuation of successive generations.Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh ("All men are brothers" in Pearl Buck's translation, "Shui hu zhuan" in Chinese, "Au Bord de l'Eau" in French ) is an immortal novel because its tale is universal : it speaks of beings (outlaws but also notables, strong muscled heroes but also intellectual, anarchists but also philosophers...) who cannot bear injustice nor abuse nor arbitrariness...That is the reason they are immortal and their popularity has lasted for centuries .Discover the 108 heroes, the episodes , the paper-cuts representing them, the Beijing operas their fighting exploits inspired...人物Gai Ping Health gave special love make the world anyway, famous arena. Like charges to stick, chicken, and did not take wives, all hit others physique. Village Creek Village haunted legends, villagers digging a river in the town engraved art, ghost was rushed to the East seven. Classical hell, then alone will be engraved Creek Village in places away from the East side down. Thus so-called "Tota kings".晁盖平 生仗义疏财，专爱结交天下好汉，闻名江湖。喜欢刺枪使棒，身强力壮，不取妻室，终日打熬筋骨。传说邻村西溪村闹鬼，村人凿了一个青石宝塔镇在溪边，鬼就被赶到了东溪村。晁盖大怒，就去西溪村独自将青石宝塔夺了过来在东溪边放下。因此人称“托塔天王”。西游记Pilgrimage to the WestJourney to the West is a mythological novel based on many centuries of popular tradition. It was probably put into its present form in the 15708 by Wu Cheng’en (1500-82).This lively fantasy relates the amazing adventures of the priest San-zang as he travels west in search of Buddhist sutras with his three disciples, the irreverent and capable on-key, greedy Pig, and Friar Sand. The opening chapters recount the earlier exploits of Monkey, culminating in his rebellion against Heaven. We then learn how Sanzang became a monk and was sent on his pilgrimage by the Tang emperor who had escaped death with the help of an Underworld official.The main story, the journey, takes the priest through all kinds of entertaining trials and tribulations, mainly at thehands of monsters and spirits who want to eat him. Only the courage and powers of his disciples, especially Monkey, save him from death. Monkey is the hero of the fantasy, and the reader will soon learn why he has long been so loved in China. Will the pilgrims reach the Vulture Peak and obtain the Scriptures? The answer will only be found at the end of the lOO-chapter novel.The story is as full of imagination as Monkey is of magic, and packed with incident and down-to-earth humour. The illustrations are from 19th-century Chinese edition. This is the first of the three volumes of the novel.

《红楼梦》： 1、The Story of Stone《石头记》 2、A Dream of Red Mansions/Chamber（红色大楼/房间的梦） 3、The Cowherd and the Weaving Girl（牛郎和织女） 《三国演义》： 1、《Romantic of Three Kingdoms》—— 三个王国的罗曼史 《水浒传》 1、《一百零五个男人和三个女人的故事》 2、《All Men Are Brothers: Blood of the Leopard》——四海之内皆兄弟：豹子的血 3、美国女作家赛珍珠翻译《水浒》七十一回本，取名为《四海之内皆兄弟》 4、《OUTLAWS IN THE MARSH》——沼泽地里的逃犯 最早德文译名是《强盗与士兵》；法文译名是《中国的勇士们》；英文译本为《在河边发生的故事》 《西游记》： Journey to the West（去西方旅游） Monkey / The Monkey King（猴王）

BBC评出最经久不衰的10部经典英国小说

The greatest British novel of all time is Middlemarch by George Eliot, according to new poll by the BBC.英国广播公司(BBC)进行的最新调查显示，英国最经久不衰的小说是乔治·艾略特的《米德尔马契》。

BBC Culture contributor Jane Ciabattari surveyed 82 book critics from outside of the UK, in order to get an outsider's perspective on British literature.BBC文化专栏投稿人Jane Ciabattari通过调查82位来自英国以外国家的书籍评论家，获得了外国人对英国文学的看法。

The Beeb said: "The British novel has influenced the form around the world for centuries, so we felt it was important to get a global perspective. The critics we polled live and work all over the world, from the United States and continental Europe to Australia, Africa, Asia, India and the Middle East ... Each who participated submitted a list of 10 British novels, with their pick for the greatest novel receiving 10 points. The points were added up to produce the final list."BBC称：“几个世纪以来，英国小说一直影响着全球各地小说的形式，因此我们认为获得全球性的看法非常重要。我们调查的这些评论家在全球各地生活和工作，有的来自美国，有的来自欧洲大陆、澳大利亚、非洲、亚洲、印度和中东……每个参与者都给出一份列有10部英国小说的清单，被他们选作最经久不衰的小说可以获得10分。我们再对这些分数进行累加，得出最终的书单。”

The critics named 228 novels in all. These are the top 10:这些评论家总共提到了228部小说，以下是获评前10的小说：

10. Vanity Fair (William Makepeace Thackeray, 1848)威廉·梅克皮斯·萨克雷《名利场》，1848年出版

This novel features probably the greatest anti-heroine in English literature, Becky Sharp, and a plot that revolves around class, social climbing and a financial crisis that will seem eerily familiar to modern readers.Vanity Fair has it all. It both speaks of its time, and speaks of all times.这部小说的主角或许就是英国文学史上最知名的非正统派女主角——贝奇·夏普，小说的情节围绕阶级、社会、跻身上流社会以及现代读者听来又熟悉又害怕的金融危机。《名利场》这些要素全都具备, 讲述那个年代，也讲述着每一个年代。

9. Frankenstein (Mary Shelley, 1818)玛莉·雪莱《科学怪人》，1818年出版

This pioneering work of science fiction and Gothic horror developed an indelible 'monster' of a theme that has endured for centuries: of the scientist as a "modern Prometheus".这部先锋作品集科幻和哥特式恐怖于一身，营造了一个难以磨灭的“恶魔”主题，即科学家中的“现代普罗米修斯”，几世纪以来经久不衰。

8. David Copperfield (Charles Dickens, 1850)查尔斯·狄更斯《大卫·科波菲尔》，1850年出版

David Copperfield is populated by some of the most vivid characters ever created. They are as much a part of readers' world, and their way of thinking about the world, as people they have actually met.《大卫·科波菲尔》人物形象众多，性格鲜活的角色云集。这些人物角色仿佛是读者所在真实世界的一部分，和读者亲身遇见的人一样，有着相似的世界观。

7. Wuthering Heights (Emily Brontë, 1847)艾米莉·勃朗特《呼啸山庄》，1847年出版

Wuthering Heights is "powered by more psychological energy than any book ever written". Readers admire Wuthering Heights because of "its layered narrative structure, because it is a work of incredible imagination, and because it is far more than a love story. The story shows 'the eternal rocks beneath' our fleeting desires.《呼啸山庄》“蕴含巨大的心理能量，没有其它书籍能够与之匹敌。”读者推崇《呼啸山庄》是因为其“层层叠叠的叙述结构”和丰富惊人的想象力，更因为《呼啸山庄》超越了爱情故事本身，展现了我们转瞬即逝的欲望之下“永恒的震撼”。

6. Bleak House (Charles Dickens, 1853)查尔斯·狄更斯《荒凉之屋》，1853年出版

Bleak House is among Dickens novels, uniquely original in its alternation of first-person past-tense chapters with a concurrent third-person account in present tense.《荒凉之屋》是狄更斯的小说之一，以第一人称过去时所写的章节与第三人称现在时的叙述并行，两者间的切换创新独到。

5. Jane Eyre (Charlotte Brontë, 1847)夏洛蒂·勃朗特《简·爱》，1847年出版

Brontë's revolutionary 1847 Gothic romance about a young woman seeking a richer and more passionate life on her own still resonates with modern readers. Brontë's novel features the orphan Jane Eyre's search for an identity, her powerful attraction to her master, Mr Rochester, and an intimate description of her complex moral choices and sometimes raw emotional states.勃朗特这部哥特式爱情传奇出版于1847年，内容革新，讲述了一个年轻女性追寻更为充实激情的生活，至今仍能引起现代读者的共鸣。 勃朗特小说的主人翁简·爱是个孤儿，追寻着自我的身份，主人罗切斯特先生深深吸引着她，其情至真令简`爱无法抗拒；小说真切描述了简·爱复杂的道德抉择及其有时显得有些原始的情感状态。

4. Great Expectations (Charles Dickens, 1861)查尔斯·狄更斯《远大前程》，1861年出版

Great Expectations might be the quintessential British novel. To re-read Dickens' classic as an adult is to discover its wit and brio, its influence, and its truth. It has all the elements of classic Dickens – endearing, flawed characters; a plot that skewers the politics of the time; subplots that skewer morality and culture; a love story; and a wonderful storyline.《远大前程》或许是最地道的英国小说。成年读者重温狄更斯经典，去发现其智慧与精彩、影响与真理。《远大前程》有狄更斯经典的所有元素，讨人欢喜却不甚完美的角色、主要故事情节能牵住时局、副线情节串起道德与文化，是部情节精彩的爱情故事作品。

3. Mrs Dalloway (Virginia Woolf, 1925)弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙《达洛卫夫人》，1925年出版

If the most precious gift of the novel as a medium is the power it has to break into the prison of human consciousness, to expose the gossamer weave of thought and feeling and memory that makes up our innermost lives, then Woolf's fourth novel stands alone at the pinnacle.Virginia Woolf made modernism live and breathe.如果说这部小说作为媒介最天才之处在于其破除人类意识的囹圄、显露人们细若蛛丝的思绪、显露构成我们内心生活的记忆，那么伍尔芙的第四部小说本身就是鼎峰之作。弗吉尼亚让现代主义焕发新生、重现生机。

2. To the Lighthouse (Virginia Woolf, 1927)弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙《到灯塔去》，1927年出版

Subtle, beautiful, staggeringly intelligent and flat-out original. A masterpiece of modernism, its stream-of-consciousness, richness of language and perceptions has continued to reveal itself.细腻美妙、智慧惊人，是不折不扣的原创之作。现代派的大师之作，运用意识流写法，其语言丰富、观察敏锐，不言自明。

1. Middlemarch (George Eliot, 1874)乔治·艾略特《米德尔马契》，1874年出版

A novel of great characters, it's an even greater novel of ideas and ideals. Middlemarch is the greatest social and psychological novel ever written in English.这部小说人物角色卓越，更精妙之处在于其想法与理念。《米德尔马契》是迄今最伟大的英文社会心理学小说。