夏洛蒂英文简介

Charlotte Brontë (April 21, 1816 – March 31, 1855) was an English novelist, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters whose novels have become enduring classics of English literature. Life and worksCharlotte Brontë was born at Thornton, in Yorkshire, England, the third of six children, to Patrick Brontë (formerly "Patrick Brunty"), an Irish Anglican clergyman, and his wife, Maria Branwell. In April 1820 the family moved to Haworth, where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate. Maria Branwell Brontë died of cancer on 15 September 1821, leaving five daughters and a son to the care of her sister Elizabeth Branwell. In August 1824, Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire (which she would describe as Lowood School in Jane Eyre). Its poor conditions, Charlotte maintained, permanently affected her health and physical development, and hastened the deaths of her two elder sisters, Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815), who died of tuberculosis in 1825 soon after they were removed from the school. At home in Haworth Parsonage, Charlotte and the other surviving children — Branwell, Emily, and Anne — were influenced by their father's library of Walter Scott, Byron, Tales of the Genii and The Arabian Nights. They began chronicling the lives and struggles of the inhabitants of their imaginary kingdoms. Charlotte and Branwell wrote stories about their country — Angria — and Emily and Anne wrote articles and poems about theirs — Gondal. The sagas were elaborate and convoluted (and still exist in part manuscripts) and provided them with an obsessive interest in childhood and early adolescence, which prepared them for their literary vocations in adulthood. Charlotte continued her education at Roe Head school in Mirfield from 1831 to 1832, where she met her lifelong friends and correspondents, Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor. Charlotte returned as a teacher from 1835 to 1838. In 1839 she took up the first of many positions as governess to various families in Yorkshire, a career she pursued until 1841. In 1842 she and Emily travelled to Brussels to enroll in a pensionnat run by Constantin Heger (1809–1896) and his wife Claire Zoë Parent Heger (1804–1890). In return for board and tuition, Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music. Their time at the pensionnat was cut short when Elizabeth Branwell, their aunt who joined the family after the death of their mother to look after the children, died of internal obstruction in October 1842. Charlotte returned alone to Brussels in January 1843 to take up a teaching post at the pensionnat. Her second stay at the pensionnat was not a happy one; she became lonely, homesick, and deeply attached to Constantin Heger. She finally returned to Haworth in January 1844 and later used her time at the pensionnat as the inspiration for some of The Professor and Villette. In May 1846, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne published a joint collection of poetry under the assumed names of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Although the book failed to attract interest (only two copies were sold) the sisters decided to continue writing for publication and began work on their first novels. Charlotte continued to use the name 'Currer Bell' when she published her first two novels. Cover page of the first edition of Jane EyreHer novels are: Jane Eyre, published 1847 Shirley, published 1849 Villette, published 1853 The Professor, written before Jane Eyre and rejected by many publishing houses, was published posthumously in 1857 Her novels were deemed coarse by the critics. Much speculation took place as to who Currer Bell really was, and whether Bell was a man or a woman. Charlotte's brother, Branwell, the only son of the family, died of chronic bronchitis and marasmus exacerbated by heavy drinking, in September 1848, although Charlotte believed his death was due to tuberculosis. Emily and Anne both died of pulmonary tuberculosis in December 1848 and May 1849, respectively. Portrait of Charlotte Brontë, 1873Charlotte and her father were now left alone. In view of the enormous success of Jane Eyre, she was persuaded by her publisher to visit London occasionally, where she revealed her true identity and began to move in a more exalted social circle, becoming friends with Harriet Martineau, Elizabeth Gaskell, William Makepeace Thackeray and G. H. Lewes. However, she never left Haworth for more than a few weeks at a time as she did not want to leave her aging father's side. In June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's curate. She died nine months later during her first pregnancy. Her death certificate gives the cause of death as phthisis (tuberculosis), but there is a school of thought that suggests she may have died from her excessive vomiting caused by severe morning sickness in the early stages of pregnancy. There is also evidence to suggest that Charlotte died from typhus she may have caught from Tabitha Ackroyd, the Bronte household's oldest servant, who died shortly before her. Charlotte was interred in the family vault in The Church of St. Michael and All Angels, Haworth, West Yorkshire, England. The posthumous biography by Elizabeth Gaskell, for a long time a standard source on her life, has been much criticised by feminists such as Elaine Showalter, for suppressing details of Charlotte's life and her apparently passionate nature.

夏洛特资料：个人简介：笔名 库瑞尔·贝尔（Currer Bell） 出生 1816年4月21日 英格兰约克郡索顿 去世 1855年3月31日（终年38岁） 英格兰约克郡哈沃斯 职业 小说家、诗人、家庭女教师 流派 小说 对其有影响的作家 罗伯特·伯恩斯、罗伯特·赛斯、司各特 受其影响的作家 乔治·艾略特、托马斯·哈代、珍·瑞丝 生平资料： 夏洛蒂·勃朗特出生在约克郡的索顿，双亲为帕特里克·勃朗特（Patrick Bront�0�5，1777年—1861年）与玛丽亚·布伦威尔（Maria Branwell），在勃朗特夫妇6个小孩中排行第3，也是勃朗特三姐妹中年纪最大的。1820年4月因为父亲帕特里克在哈沃斯担任副牧师的缘故，所以全家搬到了哈沃斯。母亲玛丽亚于1821年9月15日因癌症病逝，所以夏洛蒂与其他5个兄弟姊妹于是由阿姨伊丽莎白·布伦威尔来照顾。在1824年8月，夏洛蒂与姊妹�6�0艾米莉、玛丽亚与伊丽莎白一起被送到位于兰开夏（Lancashire）科恩桥（Cowan Bridge）的女子教会学校（后来夏洛蒂在《简爱》中将它描述为罗伍德学校）。学校的状况是相当恶劣的，这也对夏洛蒂的健康造成了永久的影响，可能也导致了夏洛蒂的两个姊姊玛丽亚（1815年—1825年）与伊丽莎白（1814年—1825年）的死亡。她们在1825年离开学校不久之后就死于肺结核。 在哈沃斯家中的夏洛蒂与布伦威尔、艾米莉与安妮开始创作他们的幻想国度。夏洛蒂与布伦威尔创作了有关安格利亚（Angria）的故事，而艾米莉与安妮则是创作了有关贡代尔（Gondal）的文章及诗篇。这些传奇故事的描述相当详细（目前仍然存在部份的手稿中），提供了他们在儿童时期与青少年早期的乐趣，也为他们未来的文学作品奠下了基础。 夏洛蒂在1831年至1832年间在米菲尔德（Mirfield）的学校就读，在这里她遇到了终生的好友艾伦·奴西（Ellen Nussey）与玛莉·泰勒（Mary Taylor）。在1833年间，夏洛蒂以韦尔斯利（Wellesley）的名义创作了《The Green Dwarf》。在1835年至1838年间，夏洛蒂则在米菲尔德的学校担任教师。夏洛蒂从1839年开始在约克郡担任许多家庭的女教师，一直到1841年为止。后来在1842年夏洛蒂与妹妹艾米莉前往一间位于布鲁塞尔由康斯坦丁·黑格尔（Constantin Heger， 1809年—1896年）与妻子克莱儿（Claire Zoé Parent Heger，1804年—1890年）所经营的私立寄宿学校，为了报答黑格尔夫妇提供食宿与教学，夏洛蒂教导学生英文，而艾米莉则是教导学生音乐。不过因为夏洛蒂的阿姨伊丽莎白·布伦威尔（Elizabeth Branwell）于1842年10月去世而中断。夏洛蒂在1843年1月独自返回布鲁塞尔的寄宿学校，担任教师的职务。这次在布鲁塞尔的寄宿学校期间，夏洛蒂并不快乐，因为她变成孤独、思念家乡的并且深深的爱恋着黑格尔。最后夏洛蒂在1844年1月回到了哈沃斯，后来这段经历也成为了夏洛蒂创造小说《维莱特》与《教师》的灵感。 在1846年5月夏洛蒂与艾米莉、�6�0安妮联合出版了一本诗集，并且为了回避当时对女作家的偏见而使用笔名。虽然这本诗集后来并没有引起广泛的注意（仅仅只售出两本而已），不过她们仍然决定继续写作，并且开始第一本小说的创作。夏洛蒂后来使用笔名库瑞尔·贝尔（Currer Bell）来出版前两部小说。关于这件事，夏洛蒂后来写道： 因为不愿意暴露身分，所以我们用库瑞尔、艾利斯、阿克顿贝尔这些笔名来隐藏本名。这个因为良心不安而做出的暧昧抉择，是假设基督徒对于名为男性的思考是正面的。我们并不喜欢宣布我们是女人，因为——毫无疑问的，我们的著作和思想是不会被称为“女性的”——我们有了模糊的印象：女作家是应该对偏见袖手旁观的。我们注意到评论家有时是如何因为个性而抨击，有时则是用谄媚当作鼓励，这些并不是真正的评价 《简爱》的第一版封面夏洛蒂的小说被当时的评论家认为是相当粗俗的，大部分的焦点反而在于猜测库瑞尔·贝尔是谁与他是男人或女人这些疑问上面。夏洛蒂的弟弟布伦威尔·勃朗特在1848年9月因慢性的支气管炎与过量饮酒造成的衰弱而去世，虽然夏洛蒂相信他是死于肺结核。艾米莉与安妮也分别在1848年12月与1849年5月因肺结核而去世。所以只剩下夏洛蒂与父亲帕特里克一起生活。

夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816年生于英国北部约克郡的豪渥斯的一个乡村牧师家庭。母亲早逝，八岁的夏洛蒂被送进一所专收神职人员孤女的慈善性机构——柯文桥女子寄宿学校。在那里，她的两个姐姐玛丽亚和伊丽莎白因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米利回到家乡，15岁时她进了伍勒小姐办的学校读书，几年后又在这个学校当教师。后来她曾作家庭教师，最终她投身于文学创作的道路。夏洛蒂·勃朗特有两个姐姐、两个妹妹和一个弟弟。两个妹妹，即艾米莉·勃朗特和安妮·勃朗特，也是著名作家，因而在英国文学史上常有“勃朗特三姐妹”之称。1847年，夏洛蒂·勃朗特出版著名的长篇小说《简·爱》，轰动文坛。1848年秋到1849年她的弟弟和两个妹妹相继去世。在死亡的阴影和困惑下，她坚持完成了《谢利》一书，寄托了她对妹妹艾米莉的哀思，并描写了英国早期自发的工人运动。她另有作品《维莱特》（1853）和《教师》（1857），这两部作品均根据其本人生活经历写成。夏洛蒂·勃朗特善于以抒情的笔法描写自然景物，作品具有浓厚的感情色彩。[1] 注：《教师》一书在她死后才出版。大约在1857年左右

夏洛蒂·勃朗特 英国女小说家。艾米莉·勃朗特之姐。出生在英格兰北部约克郡一个与世隔绝的村子里。父亲是个穷牧师。她曾和其他几个姐妹一起被送进一家生活条件恶劣、教规严厉的寄宿学校读书。夏洛蒂当过教师和家庭教师，也曾与妹妹艾米莉一起于1842年去比利时布鲁塞尔学习法语和古典文学。 夏洛蒂的作品主要描写贫苦的小资产者的孤独、反抗和奋斗，属于被马克思称为以狄更斯为首的“出色的一派”。《简·爱》是她的处女作，也是代表作，至今仍受到广大读者的欢迎。 夏洛蒂还出版过诗集，她的其他小说有：《雪莉》（1849）、《维莱特》（1853）和《教师》（1857）。

夏洛特勃朗媂英文简介

作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816年生于英国北部的一个牧师家庭。母亲早逝，八岁的夏洛蒂被送进一所寄宿学校。在那里生活条件极其恶劣，她的两个姐姐因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米利回到家乡，在荒凉的约克郡山区度过了童年。15岁时她进了伍勒小姐办的学校读书，几年后又在这个学校当教师。后来她曾作家庭教师，但因不能忍受贵妇人、阔小姐对家庭教师的歧视和刻薄，放弃了家庭教师的谋生之路。她曾打算自办学校，为此她在姨母的资助下与艾米利一起去意大利进修法语和德语。然而由于没有人来就读，学校没能办成。但是她在意大利学习的经历激发了她表现自我的强烈愿望，促使她投身于文学创作的道路。