制度风俗英语

Apologize system allow traditiondistance praise religionsurround

Apologysystem allow traditional distancepraise religionsurrounded

英国British people now pay more attention to the quality of life, the pursuit of spirit to enjoy. Important occasions, wearing very formal pursue simple and comfortable clothing. Diet style is simple, attention to nutrition. The climate is mild, moist, British people like sunshine. Usually like yourself doing housework, love sports, like travelling on holiday. Another very British cultural activities such as reading books, articles, and write concert, theater, and also like pets.美国In clothing, while americans with easygoing, no formal impression, but in the work, to the banquet, is still very formal dress, the rules, but with up-to-date, such as wedding, funeral, black or plain clothes ball. Women in office, avoid wear bull-puncher skirt ball pants.Drive car seat, the size of the order, to see master drive or driver varies on rental car. So, should right after the seat for maximum seat。In the diet, should pay attention to the outside of tableware should use a knife and fork, food must begin with a fork compaction and cut into small pieces to add to the mouth, food and soup, do not drink coffee small spoon is used for mixing milk and sugar, remember not to drink coffee with a spoon, and avoid the noise in dining-room,

芬兰的风俗与习惯 芬兰人守秩序，讲礼貌，是芬兰交通显得十分井然有序。马路上一般情况下均无交通警察看管交通，全凭行人自觉按照红、绿灯指示而行。行人须行走在人行道上。过马路时须指示行人的绿灯亮后从人行道上穿过马路。 上下交通工具时应等车上的人下完后再上车。凡座位边贴有黄标志的座位均为给老、弱、病、残人留出的座位，车上人多时身体健康的乘客不宜直接坐到这些座位上。 着装 赫尔辛基气候深受海洋的影响：多风且变化无常。风衣和雨具都属必备品。在芬兰，室内温度一般都在二十摄氏度左右，因此衣服不宜穿得层次过多，应备些易脱的外套。平常穿便于走路才鞋十分有必要。 平常芬兰人的衣着很朴素、随便。只有在商务会谈、高级餐厅或正式的社交场合才穿西装带领带或长裙、礼服、高跟鞋。 除宴会外，一般公务在身时不宜过量饮酒，也不宜饮用烈性酒。待人接物 在与芬兰人初次接触交谈是最不宜讨论宗教信仰和政治之类，体育、饮食和天气是最普遍的话题。 芬兰人在与某人第一次见面时无论男女均先握手道姓名。平日一般情况下只对外国人称呼XXX先生，而在芬兰人与芬兰人之间通常直呼名。同事之间十分熟悉时也有直呼姓的。 中国人在接到芬兰人的名片后应分清哪个是名或姓，通常名在前，姓在后。应避免以名当姓而以名来称XXX先生。语言 芬兰是双语制国家，芬兰语和瑞典语均为官方语言。在芬兰，约有6%的芬兰人以瑞典语为母语。在北极拉普兰还大约有1700人讲Sami语。瑞典语区主要在西部和波罗的海岛屿上的居民区，约有30万居住在这些地方的芬兰人以瑞典语为母语。 芬兰语属Finno-Ugrian语系，跟爱沙尼亚语属同一语系。在世界上，讲Finno-Ugrian语的人总共只有二千万。与其他欧洲语言相比，芬兰语复杂难学，是举世公认的最难的语言之一。对于一个人口仅五百万的民族来说，只有学好外国语，才能有效地与外界进行交流，这使得芬兰人成为一个善学语言的民族。许多芬兰人能讲很好的英语，一些讲德语或其他欧洲语言。有相当一部分人能讲三、四种以上的外国语。会一点英语的中国人在芬兰不会感到语言交流方面有困难。 在夏天，许多芬兰报纸的主要新闻以及天气预报都用英语报导。芬兰无线电台定时用外语播送新闻，英语（包括一些其他主要外语的）报纸和杂志十分普及。在R小卖部（R-Kioski）和火车站都哦能买到英语报刊和杂志。 Life in the USA: Customs and habitsMeeting someone When meeting someone for the first time, it is customary to shake hands, both for men and for women. Hugs are only exchanged between close friends. Kissing is not common, and men never kiss other men. Americans will usually introduce themselves by their first name and last name (such as “Hello, I’m John Smith”), or, if the setting is very casual, by their first name only (“Hi, I’m John”). The common response when someone is introduced to you is “Pleased to meet you.” Unless someone is introduced to you with their title and last name (such as Mister Smith or Miss Johnson), you should address them by their first name. Americans normally address everyone they meet in a social or business setting by their first name. However, you should always address your college professors by their title and last name (such as Professor Jones), unless they ask you to do otherwise. Speaking on the telephone Americans normally answer the telephone by simply saying "Hello". If you are calling a business, the person answering the phone will give the name of the business and usually their own name as well. If the person you would like to speak to has answered the phone, you should say hello and state your name. If not, you should ask for that person politely: “May I please speak with Andrew Brown?” The majority of Americans have answering machines in their homes. Also, the majority of businesses have voice mail accounts for their employees. When leaving a message, state your name clearly and leave a telephone number where you can be reached. Telephone messages should be brief and to the point. Eating out All restaurants in America accept cash for payment, and most (even some fast food restaurants) also accept credit cards. A few restaurants also accept ATM cards for payment. You will rarely find a restaurant that accepts checks. It is common to have to wait for a table at a popular restaurant. There are many popular restaurants that do not accept reservations, or will only accept reservations for large parties (for example, six or more people). At these restaurants, the wait can be very long on a weekend night, sometimes up to 1 hour. However, almost all upscale, or more formal, restaurants will accept reservations. Many restaurants in America (except for fast food restaurants) have a license to serve alcohol. Beer and wine are always available, and at some restaurants hard liquor (such as vodka or whisky) is also available. Restaurants that serve hard liquor are said to have “a full bar.” The drinking age in America is 21. If you look young, be prepared to show proof of your age when ordering alcohol.Tipping There are only a few situations where tipping is expected. The one you will encounter most often is at restaurants. American restaurants do not add a service charge to the bill. Therefore it is expected that the customer will leave a tip for the server. Common practice is to leave a tip that is equal to 15% of the total bill for acceptable service, and about 20% for superior service. If the service was unusually poor, then you could leave a smaller tip, about 10%. Other professions where tipping is expected include hairdressers, taxi drivers, hotel porters, parking valets, and bartenders. The general rule is to tip approximately 15% of the bill. In situations where there is no bill (as with hotel porters and parking valets), the tip may range from $1 to $5, depending on the type of establishment and on how good the service was. Smoking Smoking is not as common in America as in many other countries. Generally, Americans smoke less than Europeans and much less than Asians. It is a practice that is becoming less and less socially acceptable. Smoking is prohibited in many places. It is not allowed in any public buildings, on any public transportation (including airplane flights within the United States), in shops, movie theaters, schools, and office buildings. The general rule is if you are indoors, then you probably are not allowed to smoke. The exceptions are bars, nightclubs, and some restaurants. If a restaurant does allow smoking, it will only be in an area that is designated for smokers. If you are with someone, even outdoors, it is polite to ask if they mind before you start smoking. The legal smoking age in America is 18. If you are buying cigarettes (or another tobacco product) and you look young, the store clerk is required by law to ask you for proof of legal age. You should be prepared to provide identification. 中国人见面打招呼时，喜欢问“你吃了吗？”“你去哪呀？”而西方人对此都感到很怪异。Greeting An American studying in China had an appointment at noon. As he was getting on his bicycle a Chinese friend passed by. "吃了吗？" the young Chinese asked. This, of course, is a common Chinese greeting around meal time and the American merely nodded with a smile, waved goodbye and went off. He realized that his friend' s remark was nothing more than a Chinese way of saying Hello or Hi. If the greeting had been put literally into English "Have you eaten yet?" Or " Have you had your lunch? " It would have sounded rather unusual. To Americans, this greeting might mean this: "I haven't either. Come on, let' s go together and get something to eat." or "If you haven' t, I was just going to invite you to my place." In other words, it could indicate an invitation to a meal. Actually , another foreign student who had not been long in China once complained in broken Chinese:" 你们为什么老问我吃了饭没有？我有钱。"To his way of thinking, people were concerned that he was not getting his meals properly because of lack of money. Clearly, he was offended. There is a similar Chinese greeting, such as ”上哪儿去啊？””到哪儿去啦？” which if translated literally, would be "Where are yon going?" Or "Where have you been?" The natural reaction of most English-speaking people to this greeting would most likely be "It' s none of your business!" Fortunately, not all greetings sound strange or arouse displeasure. Many are similar , some are merely different. While greetings in many languages often indicate the time of day, there may be inconsistencies within a language. English has Good morning, Good afternoon and Good evening but not Good noon. And Good night is not a greeting at all, but an expression of farewell.

set up regulations.establish regulations.make regulations.

policies，望采纳

传统，世代相传、从历史沿传下来的思想、 文化 、道德、风俗、艺术、制度以及行为方式等。那么你知道传统用英语怎么说吗?下面跟我一起学习关于传统的英语知识吧。

tradition

convention

heritage

这里保留着各种各样的传统手工业。

All kinds of traditional craft industries are preserved here.

该疫苗是用非传统工艺生产的。

The vaccine had been produced by an unconventional technique.

人们按传统习俗朝他们抛撒大米。

They were showered with rice in the traditional manner.

重视传统价值观念的零售团体

A retail group which sets great store by traditional values

芳廷承袭了 芭蕾舞 艺术的最优秀的传统

Fonteyn represents the best traditions of ballet.

这传统有多久的历史了?

How far does the tradition go back?

我们应该发扬革命传统。

We shall carry forward the revolutionary tradition.

这个 故事 是关于传统童话中的 魔术 师的。

This story is about sorcerers in traditional fairy-tales.

这件传统服装是靛蓝色的。

This traditional costume is of indigo blue.

这个地区传统的早饭包括火腿和鸡蛋。

The traditional breakfast in this area includes bacon and eggs.

两个团体都有延续历史的传统。

Both communities have a tradition of keeping history alive.

用镐和铲挖煤的传统 方法

The traditional method of pick and shovel to extract coal

这将有助于消除文盲和疾病，但也会扰乱传统的生活方式。

It would help to end illiteracy and disease, but it would also dislocate a traditional way of life.

盖尔语有非常深厚的诗歌传统。

There's a very rich poetic tradition in Gaelic.

西班牙是多种传统和多个民族的合成体。

Spain is a composite of multifarious traditions and people.

许多国家里，年轻人仍保持着妇女结婚时穿白色长礼服的传统。

In many countries young people still keep up the tradition that women will get married in a long white dress.

传统必须能一代一代往下传，不能传的，还能叫“传统”吗?

A tradition must be capable of being passed down from one generation to another.

它兼有城市与乡村两种职能，它既不是传统的城市也不是传统的乡村。

It is not a modern city or a traditional village with the function of the two.

问:2000年，您开始从传统的航空快递业务逐渐向陆路和海路货运转变。

Q: in 2000 you started morphing from your traditional air express delivery business into ground and into freight.

七夕“乞巧”的风俗由来已久，年轻女孩子们在这一天乞求的，不仅仅是巧夺天工的好手艺，还会乞求一段美好姻缘。似乎是TVB剧中经常出现七夕之夜女子祈求姻缘的桥段~不知道今年七夕，有多少人会在星空之下默默祈祷呢?

On that night, unmarried girls prayed to the Weaving Maid star for the special gift. When the star Vega was high up in the sky, girls performed a small test by placing a needle on the water's surface: If the needle did not sink, the girl was considered to be ready to find a husband. Once a year, on this day, girls could wish for anything their hearts desired。

七夕之夜，未婚女子通常会向织女星乞巧，也会乞求姻缘。她们将一根针放在水面上，倘若针不下沉的话，她们就能得偿所愿。据说这一晚女孩子们能祈求任何心愿成真。

这里“乞巧”的这个“乞”，我们可以说beg，也可以用plead这个词，plead to be endowed with perfect sewing skills. 貌似这两个词都和浪漫气氛不符哦，plead其实更常见于法庭上，律师为某人辩护，就是plead one's case;而那句我们耳熟能详的“不认罪”，则是plead not guilty，反之“认罪”就是plead guilty——注意这里的用法，比较特殊哦，是在动词plead后面直接加形容词guilty——法官就会经常问这句话：Do you plead guilty or not guilty?你可认罪?也有一个更常见的情况，就是被告人plead insanity，以精神失常为借口，试图减轻刑罚。

回到七夕乞巧的风俗吧，乞巧是为了精进自己的女红手艺，女红(注意啊注意啊，这里的“红”读音是“工”，不要读错了哦)也就是针线活，用英语说就是doing needlework。印象中女红活儿就是 刺绣 (embroider)吧，不知道现在还有多少女孩子会刺绣活儿呢?似乎大家都更prefer简单易学的 十字绣 (cross-stitch)了。那么，学十字绣的话，也是需要乞一下巧的吧……

至于祈求姻缘，这个恐怕还是要看缘分哦，如果两个人是predestined to be together，那么是无论如何都会相遇并相爱的吧。在这里祝天下有情人终成眷属吧!(All shall be well, and Jack shall have Jill!)

On the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, the moon is round and the Chinese people mark their Moon (or Mid-autumn) Festival.

每年农历八月十五日，圆月当空，是中国传统的中秋佳节。

The round shape to a Chinese means family reunion.

“圆”对于中国人来说意味着团圆。

Therefore the Moon Festival is a holiday for members of a family to get together wherever it is possible.

因此，中秋节也是一个合家团圆的节曰。

On that day sons and daughters will bring their family members back to their parents’ house for a reunion.

这一天，子女会回到父母身边。

Sometimes people who have already settled overseas will come back to visit their parents on that day.

甚至远在他乡的游子，也会不远万里回到故乡看望自己的亲人。

As every Chinese holiday is accompanied by some sort of special food, on the Moon Festival, people eat moon cakes, a kind of cookie with fillings of sugar, fat, sesame, walnut, the yoke of preserved eggs, ham or other material.

中秋节的传统食品是月饼(一种以糖、油、芝麻、核桃仁、咸蛋黄、 火腿等为馅料的糕点)。

In Chinese fairy tales, there live on the moon the fairy Chang E, a wood cutter named Wu Gang and a jade rabbit which is Chang E’s pet.

在中国 神话故事 中，月宫中住着嫦娥、玉兔以及砍树人吴刚。

In the old days, people paid respect to the fairy Chang E and her pet the jade rabbit.

古时候的中秋节，人们会在月下摆设香案，向善良的嫦娥祈求吉祥平安。

The custom of paying homage to the fairy and rabbit is gone, but the moon cakes are showing improvement every year.

现如今，向嫦娥、玉兔致意的习俗已经淡漠了，但是每年的月饼都在改进。

There are hundreds of varieties of moon cakes on sale a month before the arrival of the Moon Festival this year.

在距离中秋节还有一个月时，各种各样的月饼就开始销售了。

Some moon cakes are of very high quality and very delicious.

不乏一些美味可口的高质量月饼。

An overseas tourist is advised not to miss it if he or she happens to be in China during the Moon Festival.

中秋节期间来中国的海外宾朋可千万不要错过品尝。

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custom custom[5kQstEm]n.风俗, 习惯, 惯例, 常规, 传统(顾客对商店的)光顾; 顾客; 主顾[the Customs]海关; [pl. ]关税【史】经常赋役 mores[5mC:ri:z]n.风俗, 习惯, 民德, 道德观念