1)hurt 普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上,感情上的伤害.注意:指肉体上的伤害时,hurt可与badly,slightly,seriously等连用;但如果指精神上的创伤,只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt.2)injure比hurt正式,hurt多指伤痛,而injure则指损害健康,成就,容貌等,强调功能的损失.3)harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便,还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情.4)destroy毁灭,消灭,指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用,一般不能或很难修复,有时可用于比喻意义.如:The earthquake destroyed the whole city.地震毁了整座城市.All his hopes were destroyed by her letter of refusal.他所有的希望都被她的拒绝信毁了.5)damage伤害,损害,主要指对价值和功能的破坏,多用于无生命的东西,一般还可修复.damage或destroy所表示的破坏,是指对房屋或车辆等的损坏.有时该词也用于借喻.Her heart was slightly damaged as a result Of the disease.由于生病,她的心脏轻微受损.They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.他们设法修复了受到破坏的房屋.What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries.他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系.
harm指有危害。比如:Smoking can do eat harm to your health.injury指受伤。比如:The soilder's injury has healed.ruin指毁灭,完全的废墟。比如: The city of Pompeii is totally in a ruin.damage指造成损失。比如:The earthquake has caused great damage to the country.