企业扁平化:flat organization The term flat organization refers to a corporate structure with few or no level of intervening management between staff and managers. The idea is that workers will develop more responsibilities when implicated in the decision making process.This organizational structure is only possible in smaller companies or business units inside larger organization. When they reach a critical size, organizations can achieve a stream-lined structure, but cannot retain a total manager-to-staff relationship without impacting productivity. Furthermore, certain financial responsibilities require a more traditional structure. Hence, it is believed that flat organizations become vertical when they start to be geared towards productivity.The flat organization model promotes employee involvement through a decentralized decision making process. By elevating the level of responsibility of baseline employees, and by eliminating mid-level management, comments and feedback reach all personnel implicated in decisions much more rapidly (i.e. reducing the number of intermediaries handling and interpreting the information), and excepted turnaround to customer feedback is quicker.Since the interaction between workers is more frequents, this organizational structure results in (and requires) a much more personnel relationship between workers and managers. Hence it is much more time consuming than traditional bureaucratic / hierarchical models.
可是，Edward Morgan Forster 本人也是用 flat character 这个词！如果你不要，就只好只行铸造新词了！E. M. Forster 在 Aspects of the Novel 中的原文如下： *****原文如下***** We may divide characters into flat and round. Flat characters were called "humorous" in the seventeenth century, and are sometimes called types, and sometimes caricatures. In their purest form, they are constructed round a single idea or quality; when there is more than one factor in them, we get the beginning of the curve towards the round. ******原文引用完结******
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