ard英文怎么读

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英文名Leonard一般被前人音译成“ 伦纳德 ”，我们先来看看它的词源资料： Leonard means " brave lion ", derived from the Germanic elements  levon "lion" and  hard "brave, hardy". This was the name of a 5th-centuryFrankish saint who is the patron of prisoners and horses. The  Normans  brought this name to England, though it did not become common there until the 19th century. 上面的英文翻译过来就是： Leonard的字面意思就是“ 勇敢的狮子 ”，派生自日耳曼语的构词元素Levon（ 狮子 ）和hard（ 勇敢的/强硬的 ）。它是公元5世纪时保护囚犯和马匹的一位法兰克王国圣人的名字。中古英语期间（诺曼征服）法国北部的诺曼人把这个名字带到了英格兰，直到19世纪这个名字才变得常用。容易看出，从构词法的角度我们可以把它拆成Leonard=Leon-(h)ard，跟chameleon / chamelion（ 变色龙/蜥蜴/地狮子 ）一样，其中的leon就是英语单词lion（ 狮子 ）的对应，而(h)ard就是英语单词hard（ 坚硬的/坚强的/勇敢的 ）的对应，因为在法语、诺曼语、意大利语、西班牙语、葡萄牙语等拉丁系的语言中，单词首音h后来弱化不发音了（比如humor、hour、honest都是词类），所以hard部分被直接按照读音写成了ard。所以，Leonard是一个短语缩合词（ 名词居前、 定语后置 ），字面意思就是：勇敢（或强硬）的狮子。 （1）常用的类后缀-ard（ 过于……的人 ）也是hard的语音变化（词首辅音h弱化消失），它最初表示“（ 过于）坚硬或顽固的人 ”（怎么劝说或威胁都没用），然后词义笼统化表示“ 在某事情上过于……的人 ”。比如drunkard（ 酒鬼/醉汉/过于醉酒之人 ）、dullard（ 笨蛋/傻帽/过于迟钝之人 ），等等。 （2）Leonard这个名字在意大利语、西班牙语和葡萄牙语中的对应词写成Leonardo（ 莱昂纳多 ），它末尾的-o-是阳性名词词尾，表示它是男子名，如果是女性就把阳性词尾-o改成阴性词尾-a而写成Leonarda（ 莱昂纳达 ）。欧美人名中使用Leonardo的名人主要有3个：意大利画家Leonardo Da Vinci( 莱昂纳多●达●芬奇 ）、意大利数学家Leonardo Fibonacci（ 莱昂纳多●斐波纳契 ）、美国演员Leonardo Dicaprio（ 莱昂纳多●迪卡普里奥 ）。由于全世界差不多都是“ 男主外女主内 ”的传统，女人往往因成家而放弃了事业，所以使用Leonarda作名字的有影响力的女性几乎没有。

american standard 美国标准

WIZARD

car，char，bear，bar，dear等等等等ypr太多了