火星英文文章

Interplanetary robot Mars fascinates scientists because of its similarity to Earth, and it fascinates the public because our myth of 'Martians' is a vision of life beyond Earth. The Mars adventure continues with the launch of a robot vehicle by UK scientists. It's part of project to build an 'autonomous robotic scientist' to explore the Martian surface and is key to the European Space Agency's 2011 ExoMars mission.The six-wheeled vehicle housing a myriad of scientific instruments and detectors is the Mars rover, nicknamed 'Bridget'. Astrium, an EADS company, are developing the ExoMars rover prototype and coordinating its technologies with other UK-based institutions.Test bed to prove the rover's stamina Searching for a terrain similar to that found on Mars, the team took the rover to El Teide National Park in Tenerife. Lester Waugh, leading the EADS Astrium team, explains, 'The rover's not waterproof so we need good weather to test it in, but also the conditions need to be dry as any moisture affects the way the sand reacts under the wheels.'Solar panels will supply power and radioisotope heater units will help it withstand the extreme cold on Mars. The team is optimizing the performance of the wheels, suspension, the drive system, so it doesn't dig itself in on tricky terrain.Taking up to twenty minutes for radio signals to reach Earth demands a powerful navigation system to allow the rover to operate solo so they are also developing next generation computer software capabilities.Maximizing productive science time The rover will land on Mars packed to capacity with scientific gadgets designed to be as light and as small as possible. These include: a microseismometer searching for Marsquakes; an advanced meteorological system analysing the Martian weather; a wide-angled panoramic camera which will be our eyes on Mars; a Raman spectrometer providing rock analyses; even a mole to retrieve samples from beneath the surface.The extended development time is essential for rigorous testing, as Waugh explains, 'When we put things in space we have to make sure that they'll survive the radiation environment, the extremes of heat and cold. Our science productivity is crucial, and malfunctions may affect that. The more science we get back the better justification there is for spending more money on planetary exploration.'

火星 火星是八大行星之一，按照距离太阳由近及远的次序为第四颗。肉眼看去，火星是一颗引人注目的火红色星，它缓慢地穿行于众星之间，在地球上看，它时而顺行时而逆行，而且亮度也常有变化，最暗时视星等为+1.5，最亮时比天狼星还亮得多，达到-2.9。由于火星荧荧如火，亮度经常变化，位置也不固定，所以中国古代称火星为“荧惑”。而在古罗马神话中，则把火星比喻为身披盔甲浑身是血的战神“玛尔斯”。在希腊神话中，火星同样被看做是战神“阿瑞斯”。有时火星也被称为“红色行星”。 质量 6.421e+23 kg 赤道半径 3,397.2 km 平均密度 3.94 gm/cm3 平均日距 227,940,000 km 自转周期 24.6229 小时 公转周期 686.98 天 赤道地表重力 3.72 m/sec2 赤道逃逸速度 5.02 km/sec 最低地表温度 -140 ℃ 平均地表温度 -63 ℃ 最高地表温度 20 ℃ 大气压力 0.007 bars 大气组成 二氧化碳 95.32% 氮 2.7% 氩 1.5% 氧 0.13% 一氧化碳 0.07% 水 0.03% 其他 0.000291% 火星表面的土壤中含有大量氧化铁，由于长期受紫外线的照射，铁就生成了一层红色和黄色的氧化物。夸张一点说，火星就像一个生满了锈的世界。由于火星距离太阳比较远，所接收到的太阳辐射能只有地球的43％，因而地面平均温度大约比地球低30多摄氏度，昼夜温差可达上百摄氏度。在火星赤道附近，最高温度可达20℃左右。火星上也存在大气。其主要成份是二氧化碳，约占95％，还有极少量的一氧化碳和水汽。 火星比地球小，赤道半径为3395公里，是地球的一半， 体积不到地球的1/6，质量仅是地球的1/10。火星的内部和地球一样，也有核、幔、壳的结构。 火星的自转和地球十分相似，自转一周为24小时37分22.6秒。火星上的一昼夜比地球上的一昼夜稍长一点。火星公转一周约为687天，火星的一年约等于地球的两年。 火星有两个卫星。靠近火星的一个叫火卫一，较远的一个叫火卫二。由于火星在希腊神话中被看做是战神阿瑞斯，所以天文学家以阿瑞斯的两个儿子——福波斯和德瑞斯命名它的两颗卫星。 火卫一 Phobos 火卫一呈土豆形状，一日围绕火星3圈，距火星平均距离约9378公里。 它是火星的两颗卫星中较大，也是离火星较近的一颗。火卫一与火星之间的距离也是太阳系中所有的卫星与其主星的距离中最短的，从火星表面算起，只有6000千米。它也是太阳系中最小的卫星之一。 在希腊神话中，火卫一是阿瑞斯（火星）和阿芙罗狄蒂（金星）的一个儿子。“phobos”在希腊语中意味着“恐惧”（是“phobia”－恐惧的构词成分）。 火卫一在1877年由Hall发现，1971年由“水手9号”首次拍得照片，并由1977年的“海盗1号”、1988年的“火卫一号”进行观测。 火卫二 Deimos 火卫二是火星的两颗卫星中离火星较远也是较小的一颗，也是太阳系中最小的卫星。 公转轨道: 距火星23,459 千米 卫星直径: 12.6 千米 (15 x 12.2 x 11) 质量: 1.8e15 千克 在希腊神话中，火卫二是阿瑞斯（火星）与阿芙罗狄蒂（金星）的另一个儿子。“deimos”在希腊语中意味着“惊慌”。火卫二在1877年8月10日被Hall发现，在1977年由海盗1号首次拍得其照片。 火卫二和火卫一是由像C型小行星那般的富含碳的岩石组成的，并且它们都有很深的地坑。火卫二和火卫一可能是由于小行星的扰动与木星的作用才使它们围着火星运动的。 火星上有明显的四季变化，这是它与地球最主要的相似之处。但除此之外，火星与地球相差就很大了。火星表面是一个荒凉的世界，空气中二氧化碳占了95%。浓厚的二氧化碳大气造成了金星上的高温，但在火星上情况却正好相反。火星大气十分稀薄，密度还不到地球大气的1%，因而根本无法保存热量。这导致火星表面温度极低，很少超过0℃，在夜晚，最低温度则可达到-123℃。 这是美国宇航局海盗号环绕器拍摄的火星全球照片。图中可以清晰地看到巨大的“水手谷”。水手谷长约4000公里，深度约8公里。(USGS) 火星被称为红色的行星，这是因为它表面布满了氧化物，因而呈现出铁锈红色。火星表面的大部分地区都是含有大量的红色氧化物的大沙漠，还有赭色的砾石地和凝固的熔岩流。火星上常常有猛烈的大风，大风扬起沙尘能形成可以覆盖火星全球的特大型沙尘暴。每次沙尘暴可持续数个星期。 MarsMars is one of the eight planets, according to the Sun from near and far away from the order of the fourth stars. Looked the naked eye, Mars is an eye-catching fire red stars, which slowly walk through in the trans-pacific, between the Earth's point of view, it is sometimes shun row and retrograde, but also often change the brightness, the most dark, as the magnitude +1.5, the brightest when the much brighter than Sirius has also reached -2.9. As fiery Mars Yingying, brightness constantly changing, the location is not fixed, so that Mars in ancient China as "Ying Huo." In ancient Roman mythology, put the Mars compared to wearing armor was covered in blood of the God of War "Mars." In Greek mythology, Mars also be seen as God of War "Ares." Mars is sometimes also called "Red Planet."Quality 6.421e +23 kgEquatorial radius 3,397.2 kmThe average density of 3.94 gm/cm3Average daily distance 227,940,000 kmRotation cycle of 24.6229 hoursOrbital period 686.98 daysEquatorial surface gravity 3.72 m/sec2Equatorial escape velocity 5.02 km / secMinimum surface temperature -140 ℃Average surface temperature of -63 ℃The maximum surface temperature of 20 ℃Atmospheric Pressure 0.007 barsOf atmospheric carbon dioxide, 95.32% nitrogen composition of 2.7% Argon 1.5% Oxygen 0.13% Carbon monoxide 0.07% Water 0.03% Others 0.000291%The surface of Mars soil contains large amounts of iron oxide, due to long term ultraviolet exposure, generating a layer of iron oxide red and yellow. Exaggeration to say that Mars is like a health filled with rusty world. As the distant planet from the sun, the solar radiation received only 43% of the Earth, so Earth's average surface temperature of about less than 30 degrees Celsius, up to hundreds of degrees Celsius temperature difference between day and night. On Mars near the equator, the maximum temperature up to about 20 ℃. There are also the atmosphere on Mars. Its main component is carbon dioxide, accounting for about 95%, there is a very small amount of carbon monoxide and water vapor.Mars smaller than Earth's equatorial radius of 3395 kilometers, half of the planet, smaller than Earth's 1 / 6, the quality of the Earth is only 1 / 10. Mars, like Earth's interior and, there are core, mantle and shell structure.To the rotation of Mars and Earth are very similar to the rotation a week for 24 hours 37 minutes 22.6 seconds. A day and night on Mars than on Earth in a slightly longer day and night. Mars revolution is about 687 days a week, Mars year, equivalent to about two years of the Earth.Mars has two satellites. Near Mars called Phobos, one farther away is called Deimos. As in Greek mythology, Mars was seen as a god of war Ares, so astronomers to Ares two sons - Phobos and Idris named its two satellites.PhobosPhobosPhobos was a potato shape, on the 1st 3 laps around Mars from the Mars average distance is about 9378 kilometers.It is the larger of Mars's two satellites, but also from the Mars closer to one. Phobos and Mars is the distance between the satellite and its solar system, all the main stars in the shortest distance from the surface of Mars date, only 6,000 km. It is also one of the solar system's smallest satellite.In Greek mythology, Phobos is Ares (Mars) and Aphrodite (Venus) and a son. "Phobos" in Greek means "fear" (a "phobia" - fear of word-building components).Phobos in 1877 by Hall discovered in 1971 by the "Mariner 9" first looks pictures by 1977, "Viking 1", 1988's "Phobos" observations.DeimosDeimosDeimos is the two satellites of Mars from the Mars is also a smaller one farther away, but also the smallest in the solar system satellites.Orbits: 23,459 km from MarsSatellite has a diameter: 12.6 km (15 x 12.2 x 11)Quality: 1.8e15 kgIn Greek mythology, Deimos is the Ares (Mars) and Aphrodite (Venus) and another son. "Deimos" in Greek means "alarm." Phobos 2 in the August 10, 1877 by Hall discovered in 1977 by Viking 1, the first photograph in the photo. Deimos and Phobos is made of, like C-type asteroid like that of the composition of carbon-rich rocks, and they have a very deep pit. Deimos and Phobos may be due to disturbance of asteroids and Jupiter's role was to make them around Mars movement.A clear four seasons on Mars change, which is the most important similarities with the Earth. But beyond that, the big difference between Mars and Earth had. The surface of Mars is a desolate world, the air of carbon dioxide accounted for 95%. Thick carbon dioxide atmosphere on Venus caused the high temperature, but on Mars the situation is just the opposite. Martian atmosphere is very thin, density is less than 1% of the Earth's atmosphere and thus unable to save calories. This has led to the Martian surface temperature is very low, rarely more than 0 ℃, at night, the lowest temperature can reach -123 ℃.It is surrounded by NASA's Viking Mars Global device taken photos. Figure can clearly see the huge "Mariner Valley." Valles Marineris is about 4,000 km, a depth of about 8 km. (USGS)Mars is known as the red planet, it is because its surface covered with oxide, thus showing a rust red. In most parts of the surface of Mars are rich in red oxide desert, as well as ocher gravel land and solidified lava flows. Mars often have fierce winds, strong winds stirring up the dust can form around the world can cover large Martian dust storms. Each dust storms that last several weeks.

别走开！让我来考考你，对于火星了解有多少。一谈到火星，我们脑海里会浮现出一个红色的星球。它是太阳系的八大行星之一，离我们的距离不算太远，属于类地行星的一种。它的表面覆盖着厚厚的沙丘和砾石……是不是瞬间就会写这篇英语作文了。

另外，除了传统的客观第三人称视角，我们还可以将火星拟人化，用第一人称的方式写这篇作文，会更加让读者眼前一亮。在我给出的这三篇文章中，前两篇是第三人称，最后一篇是第一人称，一起来学习和借鉴一下吧！

作文示例一：

Mars is one of the eight major planets of the solar system. It is the fourth planet in our solar system from inside to outside. It belongs to the terrestrial planet and has a diameter of about half of the earth. The period of its revolving on its axis is similar to the earth, while the period of its orbiting around the sun is two times of the earth.The nearest distance from Mars to the earth is about 55 millions kilometers, while the farthest distance is about 400 million kilometers.

作文翻译一：

火星是太阳系八大行星之一。它是我们太阳系从内到外的第四颗行星。它属于类地行星，直径大约是地球的一半。它绕轴旋转的周期与地球相似，而它绕太阳运行的周期是地球的两倍。从火星到地球的最近距离约为5500万公里，而最远距离约为4亿公里。

作文示例二：

The Orange red appearance of Mars is caused by iron oxide on its surface. Mars is basically a desert planet with dunes, gravels everywhere. There is no liquid water on Mars. With thin carbon dioxide and dust in the atmosphere it is cold and try all year round. In winter the cold temperature can reach minus 130 degrees centigrade while in summer time it can rise to 27 degrees Celsius. Strong sand storms visit this planet every year. The Martian poles have dry ice caps with seasonal fluctuation.

作文翻译二：

火星的橙红色外观是由其表面的氧化铁形成的。火星基本上是一个沙漠星球，沙丘、砾石无处不在。火星上没有液态水。由于大气中二氧化碳和灰尘稀薄，天气寒冷，全年无休。在冬天，寒冷的温度可以达到零下130摄氏度，而在夏天，它可以上升到27摄氏度。每年都会有强烈的沙尘暴袭击这个星球。火星两极有季节性波动的干冰冠。

作文示例三：

I am Mars. I have a striking red appearance and I am in the favourable position opposite the sun. The mean distance of me from the sun is about 228 million kilometres，my revolution is about 687 days, almost twice that of the earth. At those times，I am at my closest point to the sun, the distance from the earth is about 56 million kilometres.This situation occurs every 15 to 17 years. When I am at my greatest distance from the sun which is about 63 million kilometres from the earth. I rotate on my axis with a period of about 24 hours and 37 minutes.

作文翻译三：

我是火星，我拥有着醒目的红色外表。我处在面对太阳的最有利位置。我与太阳的平均距离约为2.28亿公里，我的公转周期约687天，几乎是地球的两倍。当我在离太阳最近的点时，我距地球约5600万公里，这种情况每15到17年发生一次。当我离太阳最远时（大约是63万公里）我绕轴自转的周期约为24小时37分钟。