化工机械专业英语

1. There is nearly a limitless variety of materials. The method to understand them is to consider all materials as members of a big family. Materials that possess common characteristics are placed into their own group within the family. Although overlaps exist in the grouping system, it is easier to understand materials when relationships are identified.材料的种类有无限多。认识他们的办法就是把所有的材料按科来分类。具有普通性能的材料分为一科,尽管这样分科会出现重复情况，但这样分类很容易了解他们的关系。2. The properties of a material are those characteristics that help modify and distinguish one material from another. All properties are observable and most can be measured quantitatively. Properties are classified into two main groups, physical and chemical properties. Physical properties involve no change in the composition of the material. Chemical properties are associated with the transformation of one material into another. Physical properties are, in turn, arbitrarily subdivided into many categories. 属性有助于人们更改和分辨各种材料。所有的属性都是可见的，大多数还可以量化。通常可以分为两大类，物理性质和化学性质。物理性质包括材料成份的不变性。而化学性质通常为从一种材料转变为另一种材料。然而，物理性质分类也很多。第 1 页3. These subdivisions bear names such as mechanical metallurgical, fabrication, general, magnetic, electrical, thermal, optical, thermonuclear, and electro-optical. Regardless of the name of the subdivision, physical properties result from the response of the materials to some environmental variable, such as a mechanical force, a temperature change, or an electro-magnetic field. It can be divided primarily into mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. 这些分类都有相应的名称如机械冶金类，制造类，通用类，磁类，电气类，热学类，光学类，高热原子核反应类和电光类。无论其分类的名称是什么，物理性质会随着某些环境改变，如机械力，温度变化或者电磁场的改变而改变。它可以大致分为机械，热学，电气，磁和光学性质。4. Among other characteristics, we can list the following for the ideal material: endless and readily available source of supply; cheap to refine and produce; energy efficient; strong, stiff and dimensionally stable at all temperatures; lightweight; corrosion resistant; no harmful effects on the environment or people; biodegradable; numerous secondary uses.而针对其他的特性，我们可以理想的把他们分为：可无限使用，提炼和生产便宜，能源充足，在任何温度下都保持坚硬，外形稳定，轻质，防腐，环保，无害，可分解，大量二次使用。5. Technically, forging maybe defined as the process of giving metal in creased utility by shaping it, refining it, and improving its mechanical properties through controlled plastic deformation under impact or pressure.专业地讲，锻造可以定义为通过修整成形，提炼而使金属增强其使用性，并通过在施强压的情况下控制其塑性变形来改善其机械性能的一种方法。6. Hardening is a process of heating and cool steel to increase its hardness and tensile strength, to reduce its ductility, and to obtain a fine grain structure. By tempering or “drawing”, the hardness and brittleness may be reduced to the desired point for service conditions.淬火是对钢材进行加热和冷却来增强硬度和抗拉强度，减小延展性能，以获取精炼质地结构的一种过程。7. Belts and chains are used to connect two or more shaft for the transmission of rotation and power. The shafts may be at a considerable from one another, while belts also permit a certain amount of twist. A cam and its follower together form a mechanism that converts rotary motion or oscillating motion, into a cyclical linear or angular motion.8. Electro-discharge machining is mainly used for drilling, broaching, engraving, embossing, and thread cutting and similar to turning, milling, and grinding放电机械主要用来钻，铰，刻，压花和螺纹切割以及类似于车工工艺，铣和磨的工艺。第 2 页9. From an operating standpoint, any hydraulic system can be divided into four logical segments: the power input segment, the power transmission system, the control devices and the power output portion. 从操作性观点出发，任何液压系统都能在逻辑上划分为四类：动力输入，动力转换，控制设备和动力输出。第7点不知道怎么翻译、

1.掌握化学工程、化学工艺、应用化学等学科的基本理论、基本知识； The master chemical engineering, chemical technology, applied chemistry subjects such as basic theory, basic knowledge2.掌握化工装置工艺与设备设计方法，掌握化工过程模拟优化方法； Master chemical plant technology and equipment design method, grasps the chemical process simulation optimization method; 3.具有对新产品、新工艺、新技术和新设备进行研究、开发和设计的初步能力； Has to new products, new technology, new technology and new equipment research, development and design of the preliminary ability; 4.熟悉国家对化工生产、设计、研究、开发、环境保护等方面的方针政策和法规； Familiar with countries to chemical production, design, research, development and environmental protection policy and rules and regulations. 5.了解化学工程学的理论前沿，了解新工艺、新技术与新设备的发展动态； Understand chemical engineering theory front, to understand new technology, new technology and new equipment development dynamic; 6.掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法，具有一定的科学研究和实际工作能力； Master document retrieval, information query basic method, has the certain scientific research and practical work ability; 7. 具有创新意识和独立获取新知识的能力；Has innovation consciousness and independent acquire new knowledge ability; 8.熟练掌握气相色谱仪、液相色谱仪、红外光谱仪、紫外光谱仪等仪器的使用；Familiar with gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, infrared spectrometer, ultraviolet spectrometer and the use of the instrument; 9.能熟练使用office办公软件，具有使用vfp、turbo pascal等编程软件编译简单程序的能力；Able to skillfully use office software, has the use of VFP, turbo PASCAL programming software such as compiling simple program ability; 10.能熟练使用autoCAD软件进行化工机械制图。Familiar with autoCAD software chemical mechanical drawing.

1.有将近无限的各种材料。该方法了解他们是考虑作为一个大家庭的所有材料。材料是拥有共同的特点是放置到自己在家庭组。虽然在分组重叠系统中存在，这是容易理解的关系时，确定材料2。一种物质的属性的特点，帮助修改和辨别不同的材料。所有属性观察，最能定量测量。属性分为两大类，物理和化学性质。物理性质，并不涉及在物质组成的变化。化学性质都与一个物质转变成另一种。物理性能，又任意分成许多类别。3。这些分支机构承担，如机械，冶金，制造，名字一般，磁，电，热，光，热和光电。不管分舱的名称，物理性质的结果，从材料对一些环境变量，如机械力，温度变化，或电磁场。它可分为主要为机械，热，电，磁，光学性质.4。除其他特点，我们可以列出的理想材料：无尽以下和现成的供应来源;廉价的改进和生产，能源效率;强，僵硬和尺寸在任何温度下稳定;轻，耐腐蚀，无有害影响对环境或人，生物降解;许多次要用途。5.技术上，伪造可能定义，给在被弄皱的公共事业的金属的过程通过塑造它，提炼它和改进它的机械性能通过受控塑料变形在冲击或压力下 6。硬化是一个钢铁加热和冷却过程中提高其硬度和拉伸强度，减少其延展性，并取得良好的晶粒结构。通过锻炼或“绘图”，硬度和脆性可能减少到了服务条件所需的点。7。皮带，链条是用来连接的旋转和动力传动两个或多个轴。该轴可以在彼此相当，而带，也允许一定程度的扭曲。阿凸轮及其追随者形成机制，转换成一个周期性的直线或旋转运动角运动或摆动的议案。8。电火花加工主要用于钻井，拉床，雕刻，压花，以及线切割和类似的车削，铣削，和研磨。9。从经营的角度来看，任何液压系统可分为四个逻辑部分组成：电源输入部分，电力输送系统，控制装置和功率输出部分。

1。有将近无限的各种材料。该方法了解他们是考虑作为一个大家庭的所有材料。材料是拥有共同的特点是放置到自己在家庭组。虽然在分组重叠系统中存在，这是容易理解的关系时，确定材料。2。一种物质的属性的特点，帮助修改和辨别不同的材料。所有属性观察，最能定量测量。属性分为两大类，物理和化学性质。物理性质，并不涉及在物质组成的变化。化学性质都与一个物质转变成另一种。物理性能，又任意分成许多类别。第1页3。这些分支机构承担，如机械，冶金，制造，名字一般，磁，电，热，光，热和光电。不管分舱的名称，物理性质的结果，从材料对一些环境变量，如机械力，温度变化，或电磁场。它可分为主要为机械，热，电，磁，光学性质。4。除其他特点，我们可以列出的理想材料：无尽以下和现成的供应来源;廉价的改进和生产，能源效率;强，僵硬和尺寸在任何温度下稳定;轻，耐腐蚀，无有害影响对环境或人，生物降解;许多次要用途。5。从技术上讲，锻造也许定义为使金属由塑造它，琢磨，通过控制和改进的影响或压力下的塑性变形，其机械性能creased事业的进程。6。硬化是一个钢铁加热和冷却过程中提高其硬度和拉伸强度，以只翻了一半太多了！

材料力学，刘鸿文主编，第四版或者第五版，上下册。