acronymy英文解释

acronyms和initialism的区别为：意思不同、用法不同、侧重点不同。

一、意思不同

1.acronyms：发音缩略词

2.initialism：首字母缩略词

二、用法不同

1.acronyms：Acronyms表示的缩写一般是不同的单词的首字母组成了一个新的单词。

2.initialism：Initialism仅仅是首字母的组合，并不代表着一个新的单词。

三、侧重点不同

1.acronyms：acronyms是按照单词发音的首字母形成的缩写词。

2.initialism：Initialisms是按照字母发音的首字母形成的缩写词。

首字母缩略词(acronymy): 通过组合每个词的首位字母构成新词，例如： VIP (very important person) 重要人物，有钱人或高层人士OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国组织利用词的第一个字母代表一个词组的缩略词，就叫做首字母缩略词。一个典型例子是BBC，指British Broadcasting Corporation（英国广播公司）。早在罗马帝国时期，罗马远征军旗帜上的四个拉丁文字母子SRQR就可算作一个首字母缩略词，它代表Senatus Populusque Romanus (The Senate and the Roman People, 意思是"为元老院院和罗马人民而战")。但是首字缩略词的盛行，却是现代生活的产物。从结构来看，首字经平缩略词可以用字母整个词，如：IOC ← International Olympics Committee 国际奥委会CLS ← Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体EEC ← European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体OAU ← Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织UN ← United Nations 联合国OPEC ← Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织ISBN ← International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号GATT ← General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定GEM ← Ground-Effect Machine 气垫船GMT ← Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间字母也可以代表词的一部分，如：TV ← television 电视CD ← compact disk 激光唱盘CAD ← computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计IT ← information technology 现代信息技术MTV ← MUSICTV 音乐电视IDD ← international direct dial 国际直拨电话GHQ ← General Headquarters 总司令部TB ← tuberculosis 肺结核有的缩略词还可以和其它词连用，如：E-mail ← electric mail 电子邮件H-bomb ← hydrogen bomb 氢弹V-Day ← Victory Day 第二次世界大战胜利日GI Jane ← Government Issue Jane 美国女兵从应用来看，首字母缩略词几乎遍及所有领域，这里不能一一提及，仅举几个方面的例子来说明。应用最为广泛的科学技术各个专业。PVC ← Polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯FRP ← fibre glass reinforced plastic 玻璃钢DDT ← dicvhloro-diphenyl-tricchloroethane 滴滴涕DNA ← deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸m ← metre 公尺cm ← centimetre 厘米g ← gram 克F ← fluorine 氟U ← uranium 铀专有名词也多有缩写，以新闻通讯社为例：AP ← Associated Press 美联社UPI ← United Press International 合众国际社AFP ← Agence Francaine de Press 法新社DPA ← Deutsche Press Agentur 德新社USIS ← United States Information Service 美国新闻处ANSA ← Agenzia Nationale Stampa Asssociata 安莎社（意大利）MENA ← Middle East News Agency 中东社 日常生活中也有不少首字母缩写词：C/O ← care of 烦……转交P.S. ← postscript(信未)附言S/M/W ← Single/married/widow(er)(表格上)未婚/已婚/鳏寡LP ← long-playing records 密纹唱片VIP ← very important person 大人物外来语也可以有首字母缩略词：RSVP ← （法语）Reponde s'il vous plait (书信用)盼复KGB ← （俄语）Komissija Gosudarstvennoj Bezopastnosti克格勃，原苏联的国家安全委员会NHK ← （日语）Nippon Hoso Kyokai日本广播公司特别是来自拉丁语的首当其冲字母缩略词，在英语的书面语中已必不可少：e.g. ← exampli gratia 例如 i.d. ← idem 同上i.e. ← id ext 即 etc. ← et cetra 等等viz ← videlicet也就是说 v. ← vide参见有些名人的姓名也经常以首字母缩略词的形式出现，如：G.B.S. ← George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳（英国戏剧家，1856-1950）L.B.J. ← Lyndon Baines Johnson约翰逊（美国第三十六任总统） 最后要提一下，首字母缩略词后面加不加圆点，一般来龙去脉说是约定俗成，用法各异。英国人经常不加圆点，美国人经常加圆点，可是总的倾向是不加圆点。

Acronym 和 Initialism 都表示缩写的意思，在一定程度上，Acronym可以包含 Initialim。但有些时候二者有着很大的区别。Acronym 表示的缩写 一般是不同的单词的首字母组成了一个新的单词。比如“RAM（Random Access Memory); LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation); NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), and OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries).”而 Initialism 则仅仅是首字母的组合，并不代表着一个新的单词。比如“FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), and DVD (Digital Video Disk*).”

很多非书面用语都可归于口语。

AAK Alive And KickingAAR At Any RateAAS Alive And SmilingADN Any Day NowAFAIK As Far As I KnowAFK Away From the KeyboardAFN that's All For NowAOTA All Of The Abovea/s/l or asl Age/Sex/Location - (used to ask a chatter their personal information)AV Avatar - Graphical representation (a picture) often used in chat rooms to depict a person that is in the room and chatting.b4 BeforeBAK Back At Keyboard (I'm back)BBL Be Back LaterBBS Be Back SoonBCNU I'll Be Seeing You.b/f Boyfriend (also shown as bf, B/F, or BF)BEG Big Evil GrinBFN Bye For NowBMA Bite My A** (became popular with the Simpson's cartoon show)boot To get kicked out of a chat room, or have to restart the computer because you couldn't talk in the chat room anymore.BR Best RegardsBRB Be Right BackBRH Be Right HereBSEG Big S**t Eatin GrinBTA But Then Again....BTW By The Waybtw BeTWeen you and me ...chat room A web page where people gather using software that allows them to talk to one another in real time.CRS Can't Remember S**tCU See You - also posted as cyaCUS Can't Understand S**t (stuff)CNP Continued in Next Post (seen more on message boards than chat)CP Chat PostCUL8R See You LaterCUOL See You On LineCYA See Yadd, ds, dh Darling or Dear: Dear Son, Dear Daughter, or Dear Husband. Usually exchanged in family chats.DDSOS Different Day, Same Old S**tDEGT Don't Even Go There (I don't want to talk about it)DIKU Do I Know You?DIS Did I SayD/L, DL, d/l, dl Downloading, or Download it.EG Evil GrinEM E-MailEMA E-mail Address (example: ?ema or ema? = what is your email address)EOT End Of Thread (meaning end of discussion)ez or EZ easy (one of the really old ones)F2F Face To FaceFAQ Frequently Asked QuestionFISH First In Still Here (someone who is on line TOO much)FITB Fill In The Blanksflame to insult someone. Used when a person asks a stupid question, or says something rude to irritate the users of a chat room or message board.FOCL Falling Off Chair - Laughingforum What todays message boards are called. Often using php as defining language to quickly write 'real time' messages and replies to a web site (or page)FTS F*** This S***fu f*** you (If you can't figure this one out, you shouldn't be on line)FUBAR "Fouled" Up Beyond All Repair / RecognitionFUD Fear, Uncertainty, and DoubtFWIW For What It's WorthFYI For Your InformationGA Go AheadGAL Get A Lifegest Gesture ... a small multimedia file played over the internet, usually expressing an emotion or comment.g/f Girlfriend (also shown as gf, G/F, or GF)GFN Gone For NowGGOH Gotta Get Outta HereGMTA Great Minds Think AlikeGR Gotta RunGR&D Grinning, Running, and Ducking.GTR Got To RunGTRM Going To Read Mail (leaving chat room to check email)H&K Hugs and Kisseshack person who breaks into software, or disrupts a chat room.HAGD Have A Good DayHAGO Have A Good OneHalsoft Name of a company that purchased the brand of Chat that Excite offered, now a pay as you go service.HB Hurry BackHosts Refers to the people that are running the chat room, they usually have the ability to kick a person off due to rude behavior.HTH Hope That Helpshuggles HugsIAC In Any CaseIB I'm BackIC I SeeIDN I Don't kNowIDK I Don't KnowIDTS I Don't Think SoIANAL I'm Am Not A Lawyer (expect an uninformed opinion)IC I SeeICQ I Seek You. A computer program used to communicate instantly over the Internet.ILU or ILY I Love YouIM Instant MessageIMHO In My Humble Opinion (or In My Honest Opinion)IMO In My OpinionIOH I'm Out of HereIOW In Other WordsIRL In Real LifeIYO In Your OpinionJAS Just A SecondJIC Just In CaseJK Just KiddingJMO Just My OpinionJW Just Wonderingk, K, or kk O. K.KIT Keep In TouchL8R Later (an early one, kind of outdated with current 'young geeks')LMAO Laughing My Ass OffLFFAO Laughing My F***(freaking) Ass OffLOL Laughing Out LoudLTNS Long Time No SeeLTS Laughing To ones SelfLY I Love Ya.LYL Love You LotsMessage Board. A web page where people write comments, and those comments are than added to that web-page for others to view. Used to carry on conversation, request information, and relay messages.MUG Refers to a new user of that chat program, goes back to Excite VP days when the AV (or icon) that represented someone new was a picture of a coffee mug.NE1 Anyonenewbie refers to a person who is new to an area or technology. Also seen as nube, nooby, nubie, nb, etc.NFW No Feasible (or F***ing) WayNIMBY Not In My Back Yardnm, or NM Never MindNP, np No ProblemNRN 1. No Response Necessary2. Not Right NowNT No ThanksOBTW Oh, By The Way.OIC Oh, I SeeOF Old Fart, someone who has been around for a while.OJ or OK Only Joking or Only KiddingOL the Old LadyOM the Old ManOMG Oh My Gosh (although it's usually used with the Lords name in place of "gosh")OT Off Topicoth or OTH Off The Hook: Something is really popular, or hot. Very exciting.otr or OTR Off The Rack: Saying that something is outside the ordinary.OTE Over The Edge (beyond common sense or beyond good taste)OTOH On The Other Hand ...OTOMH Off the Top of My Head ...OTW On The Way ... I've sent a file to you, it's "On the way"P911 My parents are in the room. P=Parents, and 911=emergency, in other words either drop the subject, or watch the language.PANS Pretty Awesome New Stuff (often referring to computer technology)PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Cards International AssociationPCMCIA People Can't Master Computer Industry Acronyms (slang)PEBCAK Problem Exists Between Chair And Keyboardpeeps People. example: "There sure are a lot of peeps in this room" - meaning a lot of people are in the chat room.peep this Hey, listen to this, I've got some interesting news.PITA Pain In The AssPLZ PleasePMJI Pardon Me for Jumping In (when you enter into a new conversation)poof when someone leaves a chat room, often seen as *poof* as in boy he *poofed* in a hurry.POTS Plain Old Telephone ServicePOS Parents are looking Over my Shoulder.POTS Parents Over The Shoulder - (My parents are watching, I can't really talk)PPL PeopleQT CutieRFC Request For Comments (used more in newsgroups, a page or pages that supply technical information)rl or RL Real Life (as opposed to being online)r m or RM Ready Made: pre-existingROFL Rolling On Floor, LaughingROTF Rolling On The Floor (laughing is implied)ROTFLMAO Rolling On The Floor Laughing My Ass OffROTFLMFAO Rolling On The Floor Laughing F(***ing) My Ass OffRSN Real Soon Nowr/t Real Time (also: RT, or rt)RTFM Read The "Flippin" Manual (response to beginner question on net, chat, newsgroups, etc.)RU aRe yoU?SEG Shit Eating GrinSH Same HereSMS Short Message Service (more cell phones and pagers than chat rooms and the Internet)SN Screen Name. The name or moniker selected by person in an IM or chat program. ex: My "SN" in vp was "-lone.wolf"SNAFU Situation Normal, All "Fouled" UpSO Significant OtherSOL Shit Out Of LuckSOS Same Old S**t (stuff)SOTA State Of The Art (latest technology)SPST Same Place, Same TimeSSDD Same S**t, Different DaySTR8 Straight (can refer to sex, or DSTR8 as in Damn Straight)STW Search The WebSY Sincerely YoursSYL See You LaterTAFN That's All For NowTC Take CareTFH Thread From Hell (a topic or discussion that won't stop - esp. newsgroups)TGIF Thank Goodness It's FridayTHX Thanks!TIA Thanks In AdvanceTM Text Message (often refers to communications with text over cell phones)TMI Too Much Info. (information)TNT 'Til Next TimeTPS That's Pretty StupidTPTB The Powers That Be (can sometimes refer to the people that are running the chat room or server)TRDMF Tears Running Down My Face: Can be with either laughter, or due to saddness.TS Tough S**tTSFY Tough S**t For YouTTFN Ta-Ta For NowTTTT These Things Take TimeTTYL Talk To You LaterTY Thank YouTYT Take Your TimeTYVM Thank You Very MuchVPPH Virtual Places Page HostUS You Suckusa or USA Until Sides Ache: Usually used with one of the laughter acronyms such as "lolusa" Laughing Out Loud Until my Sides Ache. I've also heard that some folks substitute ush for "Until Sides Hurt". rotflolush = rolling on the floor, laughing out loud, until my sides hurt.UV Unpleasant VisualUW yoU're WelcomeUY Up Yoursvp or VP Virtual Places: A brand of chat offered by Excite in the late 90s and early 2000.WB Welcome Back (you say this when someone returns to a chat room)WC WelComeWEG Wicked Evil GrinWEU What's Eating You?WFM Works For MeWIIFM What's In It For Me?WTG Way To GoWTF What The F**KWT? What The ...? or Who the ...?WTGP? Want To Go Private? (move to a private chat room)WWJD What Would Jesus Do?YAA Yet Another AcronymYBS You'll Be SorryYL Young LadyYM Young ManYMMV Your Mileage May VaryYR Yea, Right. (sarcastic)*ys* You StinkerYVW You're Very WelcomeYW You're Welcome

Thx--thankx 谢谢U--you 你CU--see you 再会U R...--you are.. 你是..SOS--save our soul 求救