酶修饰英文版

修饰酶体内有些酶可在其他酶的作用下，将酶的结构进行共价修饰，而使其在高活性形式和相对较低的活性形式之间互相转变，这种调节称为共价修饰调节(covalent modification regulation)，这类酶称为修饰酶(prosessing enzyme)。 例如某些酶的巯基发生可逆的氧化还原，一些酶以共价键与磷酸、腺苷等基团的可逆结合，都会引起酶结构的变化而呈现不同的活性。酶的共价修饰是体内代谢调节的另一重要的方式。

（1）酶促反应动力学(kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions)是研究酶促反应速度及其影响因素的科学。这些因素主要包括酶的浓度、底物的浓度、pH、温度、抑制剂和激活剂等。Kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions is to study the factors that affect the speed of the chemical reaction including the enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, PH, temperature , inhibitor and activator etc. （2） Years of research at DSM allowed its scientists a unique technical insight into the activity of oenological yeast and enzymes and how they can improve specific aspects of a wine's profile. Developed by winemaking experts in close contact with leading oenological universities and institutes, the company produces and supplies a complete range of specially designed wine biotechnology ingredients for selected oenological applications. They have thus developed enzymes and tested enzymatic activity to specifically improve wine quality. Whether producing bulk or super premium wines, these enzymes, wine yeasts and fermentation aids provide solutions tailored to any winemaking style. Rapidase Glucalees, for example, is an effective new enzyme which has the ability to optimize filtration and enhance ageing on lees, and improving the clarification and mouthfeel of wine. “With an in-depth knowledge of grape, wine and yeast constitution, DSM has been able to select the optimum spectrum of enzymatic activities for Rapidase Glucalees, a preparation associating β-glucanases and pectinase,” said Céline Fauveau, product application specialist, DSM Food Specialties. ß-glucans are present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls or found in wines when grapes are affected by Botritis cinerea, the fungus responsible for noble or gray rot. B. cinerea polysaccharides interact with other wine components to increase viscosity and block filtration. However, the hydrolysis of S. cerevisiae cell walls releases numerous compounds into the wine which have positive effects on its stability and organoleptic profile. “The financial benefits of this enzymatic preparation are noteworthy,” continued Fauveau, “as the savings observed in filtration largely exceed the cost of the enzymatic treatment. In ageing on lees, the use of Rapidase Glucalees provides superior results in 3 to 6 weeks compared to many months of traditional ageing, as it allows a greater yield of mannoproteins than would be extracted even after years of ageing on lees.”

Oxidize revivification 酶Pronounce:yanghuahuanyuanmeiEnglish name:oxidordeuctase Elucidation:the ability catalyst dichotomy son the occurrence oxidize the generic name of 酶 of restoring the function.Oxidize the 酶 (oxidase;oxydase) ability catalyst material the function been oxidized by the oxygen among them, take off the hydrogen 酶 (dehydrogenase) ability catalyst appurtenance quality member to take off a hydrogenous function.Mainly is existed in cell in. The ammonia 基 transfers 酶Transaminase, aminotransfe-raseAlso be called to turn ammonia 酶 .BE the catalyst transfers the ammonia 基 of α -amino acids to the α -酮 the sour formation new 酮 is sour to respond with amino acids of the generic name of 酶 is D.the Needham(1927) discovers in the pigeon chest muscle of the ammonia 基 transfer a function, afterwards A.E.Braunstein and M.G.Kritzmann etc. studied the property of this 酶 , discover almost to all exist this kind of 酶 in all living creatures.Have already known having a valley ammonia sour ammonia 基 transfers 酶 and day ammonia 基 with sour winter ammonia to transfer 酶 to wait various amino acids different ammonia 基 to transfer 酶 especially, the reaction can go against, the living creature which participates amino acids synthesizes.Take the phosphoric acid 吡哆醛 as to assist 酶 .It with with take off to assist the form that the egg white of 基酶 combines to change into the phosphoric acid 吡哆胺 , and the born 酮 is sour.Become amino acids with other 酮s sour reactions, oneself reply to change into phosphoric acid 吡哆醛 .Also have the valley ammonia 酰胺 in the liver, day winter the α -ammonia 基 of the ammonia 酰胺 transfer to transfer 酶 for酮 sour ammonia 基 .Egg white water solution 酶(Protease, proteinase)The catalyst many 肽s or the 酶 of protein water solution know together as, calling egg white 酶 .Extensive cent department among the animal, plant and the germ, category numerous, dissolve a 酶 body to contain quantity in digest way and various cell inside the body of animal is abundant.The egg white 酶's metabolism to machine body and living creature adjust to control an important function.The molecular weight is generally about 2-30,000. The egg white 酶 can is divided into inside the 肽酶 and the outside 肽酶 according to the part of water solution bottom thing, the former water solves protein middle the 肽 key of the part, the latter then from protein of ammonia 基 or the bitter end of 羧基 gradually decline solution amino acids cripple 基 . The crack matches 酶The catalyst is removed a certain gene by the bottom thing but remains a pair of reaction of keys, or pass adverse reaction the generic name of the 酶 of reaction that a certain 基 regiment add a double key upDifferent 构酶The different 构酶 also calls the different 构 turns 酶 , is the generic name of 酶 that the catalyst born and different construction responds.It is one of the 酶 classificatory and main category.Can is divided into according to responding a way:differ dissimilitude 构酶 , eliminate 旋酶 , follow anti- and different 构酶 etc.. Synthesize 酶Won't accompany with gland 苷 decomposition but catalyst of three phosphoric acids to synthesize the 酶 of reaction to be called to synthesize the reaction that the 酶(Synthase) synthesizes a 酶 catalyst to contain ATP etc. 基 quality, respond complications, the ATP resolves for the ADP with positive phosphoric acid or AMP and burnt phosphoric acid 分太少嘹``原文氧化还原酶 拼音:yanghuahuanyuanmei 英文名称：oxidordeuctase 说明:能催化两分子间发生氧化还原作用的酶的总称。其中氧化酶（oxidase;oxydase）能催化物质被氧气所氧化的作用，脱氢酶（dehydrogenase）能催化从物质分子脱去氢的作用。主要存在于细胞中。 氨基转移酶 transaminase，aminotransfe-rase 也称为转氨酶。是催化把α-氨基酸上的氨基转移给α-酮酸形成新的酮酸和氨基酸反应的酶类之总称是D．Needham（1927）在鸽胸肌中发现的氨基转移作用，后来A．E．Braunstein和M．G．Kritzmann等研究了此酶的性质，发现几乎在所有生物中都存在着这种酶。已知有谷氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶等各种氨基酸特异的氨基转移酶，反应是可逆的，参与氨基酸的生物合成。以磷酸吡哆醛为辅酶。它以与脱辅基酶蛋白结合的形式变为磷酸吡哆胺，并生成酮酸。与其他酮酸反应变成氨基酸，本身复变为磷酸吡哆醛。肝脏中也有把谷氨酰胺、天冬氨酰胺上的α-氨基转移给酮酸的氨基转移酶。 蛋白水解酶 （protease,proteinase） 催化多肽或蛋白质水解的酶的统称，简称蛋白酶。广泛分部于动物、植物以及细菌当中，种类繁多，在动物的消化道以及体内各种细胞的溶酶体内含量尤为丰富。蛋白酶对机体的新陈代谢以及生物调控起重要作用。分子量一般在2--3万左右。 蛋白酶按水解底物的部位可分为内肽酶以及外肽酶，前者水解蛋白质中间部分的肽键，后者则自蛋白质的氨基或羧基末端逐步降解氨基酸残基。 裂合酶 催化由底物除去某个基因而残留双键的反应、或通过逆反应将某个基团加到双键上去的反应的酶之总称 异构酶 异构酶亦称异构化酶,是催化生成异构体反应的酶之总称。是酶分类上的主要类别之一。根据反应方式可分为:差相异构酶、消旋酶、顺反异构酶等。 合成酶 将不伴随腺苷三磷酸的分解而催化合成反应的酶称为合成酶(Synthase)合成酶催化的反应含ATP等基质,反应复杂,ATP分解为ADP与正磷酸或AMP与焦磷酸。

酶--{生化} （生物体的细胞产生的有机胶状物质）enzymeferment

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