三尖瓣英文

心脏简介 heart器官简介：心脏为人和脊椎动物器官之一。是循环系统中的动力。人的心脏如本人的拳头，外形像桃子，位于横膈之上，两肺间而偏左。主要由心肌构成，有左心房、左心室、右心房、右心室四个腔。左右心房之间和左右心室之间均由间隔隔开，故互不相通，心房与心室之间有瓣膜，这些瓣膜使血液只能由心房流入心室，而不能倒流。 词语解释：心脏也比喻中心，如“首都北京是祖国的心脏”。 Organ synopsis: One of heart manner and vertebrate organs. Is in circulatory system's power. Human's heart like myself fist, contour likely peach, located at horizontal diaphragm above, between two lungs, but left. Mainly constitutes by the cardiac muscle, has the left atrium, the left ventricle, the right atrium, the right ventricle four cavities. About between the atrium and about between the ventricle separates by the gap, therefore is not interlinked mutually, between the atrium and the ventricle has the valve, these valves enable the blood only to flow in the ventricle by the atrium, but cannot flow backwards. the words and expressions explained: The heart also analogies the center, like “capital Beijing is the motherland heart”. 器官部位：心脏位于胸腔内，膈肌的上方，二肺之间，约三分之二在中线左侧。心脏如一倒置的，前后略扁的圆锥体像一个桃子。心尖钝圆，朝向左前下方，与胸前壁邻近，其体表投影在左胸前壁第五肋间隙锁骨中线内侧1-2cm处，故在此处可看到或摸到心尖搏动。心底较宽，有大血管由此出入，朝向右后上方，与食管等后纵隔的器官相邻 Organ parts: heart in the chest, above the diaphragm, the lungs, and about two-thirds of the center line in the left side. If a heart inverted, slightly before and after Chen Shui-bian of the cone like a peach. Apex blunt yen, towards the bottom left, and the front wall nearby, its surface projection in the fifth Lei Jianxi Zuoxiong anterior midline medial clavicular 1-2 cm, it can be seen here and reached the apex or throb. The bottom of my heart wide, have access to this great vessels, right after North Korea at the top, and esophagus, and other adjacent organs after mediastinal 基本结构：心脏表面靠近心底处，有横位的冠状沟几乎环绕心脏一周，仅在前面被主动脉及肺动脉的起始部所中断。沟以上为左、右心房，沟以下为左、右心室。在心室的前面及后（下）面各有一纵行的浅沟，由冠状沟伸向心尖稍右方，分别称前后室间沟，为左、右心室的表面分界。左心房、左心室和右心房、右心室的正常位置关系呈现轻度由右向左扭转现象，即右心偏于右前上方，左心偏于左后下方。 心脏是一中空的肌性器官，内有四腔：后上部为左心房、右心房，二者之间有房间隔分隔；前下部为左心室、右心室，二者间隔以室间隔。正常情况下，因房、室间隔的分隔，左半心与右半心不直接交通，但每个心房可经房室口通向同侧心 室。右心房壁较薄。根据血流方向，右心房有三个入口，一个出口。入口即上、下腔静脉口和冠状窦口。冠状窦口为心壁静脉血回心的主要入口。出口即右房室口，右心房借助其通向右心室。房间隔后下部的卵圆形凹陷称卵圆窝，为胚胎时期连通左、右心房的卵圆孔闭锁后的遗迹。右心房上部向左前突出的部分称右心耳。 右心室有出入二口，入口即右房室口，其周缘附有三块叶片状瓣膜，称右房室瓣（即三尖瓣）。按位置分别称前瓣、后瓣、隔瓣。瓣膜垂向室腔，并借许多线样的腱索与心室壁上的乳头肌相连。出口称肺动脉口，其周缘有三个半月形瓣膜，称肺动脉瓣。 左心房构成心底的大部分，有四个入口，一个出口。在左心房后壁的两侧，各有一对肺静脉口，为左右肺静脉的入口；左心房的前下有左房室口，通向左心室。左心房前部向右前突出的部分，称左心耳。 左心室有出入二口。入口即左房室口，周缘附有左房室瓣（二尖瓣），按位置称前瓣、后瓣，它们亦有腱索分别与前、后乳头肌相连。出口为主动脉口，位于左房室口的右前上方，周缘附有半月形的主动脉瓣。 腔室 入口 入瓣膜 出口 瓣膜 作用 左心房 肺静脉 左房室口 二尖瓣 在心室收缩时阻止血液逆流回心房 左心室 左房室口 二尖瓣 主动脉口 主动脉瓣 在心室舒张时防止血液逆流回心室 右心房 上、下腔静脉 冠状窦口 右房室口 三尖瓣 在心室收缩时阻止血液逆流回心房 右心室 右房室口 三尖瓣 肺动脉口 肺动脉瓣 在心室舒张时防止血液逆流回心室 在右心房室和左心房室之间各有一组房室瓣，分别叫三尖瓣和二尖瓣。它们是单向瓣，允许血液从心房向心室流动，并防止其向反方向（即心室向心房）的流动。 血液流动方向为：上下腔静脉→右心房→右心室→肺动脉→肺循环→肺静脉→左心房→左心室→主动脉→体循环→上下腔静脉 Basic structure: the heart of the surface near the bottom of my heart, Wang Guan Zhuanggou almost around-the heart of the week, just in front of the aorta and pulmonary artery start interrupted by the Department. Ditch above the left and right atrium, ditch Following is the left and right ventricle. Ventricle in the front and after the (next) have a vertical surface of the Qiangou, Guan Zhuanggou reaching the apex slightly from the right, respectively, said that before and after the inter-ditch room for the left and right ventricle of the surface boundaries. The left atrium and left ventricle and the right atrium and right ventricle of the normal relations between the present location of mild to reverse the phenomenon from right to left, the right heart Pianyu front right at the top, left posterior left ventricular Pianyu below. The heart is a hollow muscular organ, with four-chamber: after the upper left atrium and right atrium, the interval between the two have separated; before the lower part of the left ventricle, right ventricle, the septum between the two. Under normal circumstances, due to room, separating the septum, left heart and mind are not directly in right traffic, but each atrium via AV mouth to the ipsilateral ventricle. Right atrium wall thinner. Under the direction of blood flow, there are three right atrium entrance, exit. Entrance is on the inferior vena cava mouth and coronary sinus mouth. I coronary sinus blood for the heart wall Huixin the main entrance. Exports that right atrioventricular mouth, the right atrium with its right-ventricular. After the interval the lower part of the oval depression that oval Waterloo, for the embryonic period of connectivity left and right atrium of the oval hole after the remains closed. Turn left before the upper right atrium prominent part of that right atrial appendage. The right ventricle is different from two, the entrance is right atrioventricular mouth, with its three-week margin of leaf-like valves, said right Atrioventricular (Tricuspid). By location were said before the flap, flap, flap at. Room valve vertical cavity, and through many line with the kind of chordal ventricular wall muscle connected to the nipple. I said pulmonary exports, its fate has three weeks Ban Yuexing valve, said pulmonary valve. The left atrium constitute the majority of the bottom of my heart, there are four entrance, exit. In the left atrium on both sides of the back wall, each with a pulmonary vein, the pulmonary vein around the entrance, the left atrium of the former heart I have left, to the left ventricle. The right front of the left atrium before the prominent part, said the left atrial appendage. Left ventricle is different from two. I left compartment that is imported, peripheral bearing left atrioventricular valve (mitral), said the position before the flap, flap, they also chordal with before and after the papillary muscle connected. Export-mouth aorta, left in the mouth right anterior compartment at the top, peripheral Ban Yuexing with the aortic valve. Valve chamber entrance into the role of export valve The left atrium pulmonary vein I left mitral valve in the heart ventricular systolic blood countercurrent to stop at the atrium I left mitral valve left ventricular heart aortic valve in the aortic mouth when ventricular diastolic blood countercurrent to prevent ventricular Right atrium, the inferior vena cava coronary sinus mouth right atrioventricular I ventricular contraction in the tricuspid valve to prevent blood countercurrent to atrial The right ventricle right atrioventricular I tricuspid pulmonary valve in the pulmonary mouth when ventricular diastolic blood countercurrent to prevent ventricular Room in the right atrium and left atrium between the rooms have a heart valve, were called tricuspid and mitral valve. They are one-way valve, allowing blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle and to prevent it from the opposite direction (that is, to atrial ventricular) flows. Blood flow direction: from top to bottom IVC → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary → → pulmonary circulation → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricular → aortic → systemic → from top to bottom IVC

这个是医用英语的范畴了，一般人还真不会翻译

中文名称: 三尖瓣关闭不全英文名称: tricuspid insufficiency疾病简介三尖瓣关闭不全（tricuspid insufficiency）罕见于瓣叶本身受累，而多由肺动脉高压及三尖瓣扩张引起。常见于显著二尖瓣病变及慢性肺心病。症状症状详细描述三尖瓣关闭不全引起右侧心脏的病理生理变化与二尖瓣关闭不全对左侧心脏的影响相似，但代偿期较长；病情若逐渐进展，最终可导致右心室和右心房肥大，右心室衰竭。显著肺动脉高压引起者，病情发展较快。（一）症状 三尖瓣关闭不全合并肺动脉高压时，可出现心排血量减少和体循环淤血的症状。三尖瓣关闭不全合并二尖瓣疾患者，肺淤血的症状可由于三尖瓣关闭不全的发展而减轻，但乏力和其它心排血量减少的症状可更加重。（二）体征 主要体征为胸骨左下缘全收缩期杂音，吸气及压迫肝脏后杂音可增强；但如衰竭的右心室不能增加心搏量杂音难以增强。仅在流量很大时，有第三心音及三尖瓣区低调舒张中期杂音。颈静脉脉波图v波（又称回流波，为右心室收缩时，血液回流到右房大静脉所致）增大；可扪及肝脏搏动。瓣膜脱垂时，在三尖瓣区可闻及非喷射性喀喇音。其淤血体征与右心衰竭相同。病因及发病机制三尖瓣关闭不全多由肺动脉高压及三尖瓣扩张引起。常见于显著二尖瓣病变及慢性肺心病，累及右心室的下壁心肌梗塞，风湿性或先天性心脏病肺动脉高压引起的心力衰竭晚期，缺血性心脏病，心肌病；少见者如风湿性三尖瓣炎后瓣膜缩短变形，常合并三尖瓣狭窄；先天性Ebstein畸形；感染性心内膜炎所致的瓣膜毁损；三尖瓣脱垂，此类病人多伴有二尖瓣脱垂，常见于马凡综合征；亦可见于右心房粘液瘤，右心室心肌梗塞及胸部外伤后。后天性单纯的三尖瓣关闭不全可发生于类癌综合征，因类癌斑块常沉着于三尖瓣的心室面，并使瓣尖与右心室壁粘连，从而引起三尖瓣关闭不全，此类病人多同时有肺动脉瓣病变。三尖瓣关闭不全时常有右心明显扩大。诊断根据典型杂音，右心室右心房增大及体循环淤血的症状和体征，一般不难做出诊断。超声心动图声学造影及多普勒超声检查可确诊，并可帮助作出病因诊断。（一）X线检查可见右心室、右心房增大。右房压升高者，可见奇静脉扩张和胸腔积液；有腹水者，横膈上抬。透视时可看到右房收缩期搏动。（二）心电图检查可示右室肥厚劳损，右房肥大；并常有右束支传导阻滞。（三）超声心动图检查可见右心室、右心房增大，上下腔静脉增宽及搏动；连枷样三尖瓣。二维超声心动图声学造影可证实反流，多普勒超声检查可判断反流程度和肺动脉高压。【鉴别诊断】应与二尖瓣关闭不全低位室间隔缺损相鉴别。二尖瓣关闭不全：心尖区典型的吹风样收缩期杂音并有左心房和左心室扩大。三尖瓣关闭不全：胸骨左缘下端闻及局限性吹风样的全收缩杂音，吸气时因回心血量增加可使杂音增强，呼气时减弱。肺动脉高压时，肺动脉瓣第二心音亢进，颈静脉v波增大。可有肝脏搏动，肿大。心电图和X线检查可见右心室肥大。超声心动图可明确诊断。治疗单纯三尖瓣关闭不全而无肺动脉高压，如继发于感染性心内膜炎或创伤者，一般不需要手术治疗。积极治疗其它原因引起的心力衰竭，可改善功能性三尖瓣返流的严重程度。二尖瓣病变伴肺动脉高压及右心室显著扩大时，纠正二尖瓣异常，降低肺动脉压力后，三尖瓣关闭不全可逐渐减轻或消失而不必特别处理；病情严重的器质性三尖瓣病变者，尤其是风湿性而无严重肺动脉高压者，可施行瓣环成形术或人工心脏瓣膜置换术。