英语五大语法

5大基础英语语法知识

零基础学英语，大家要学好语法知识，下面5大基础英语语法知识，你能记住多少？一起来看看。

1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives

5.不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japane

6. 不可数名词的复数就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：

a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags

c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes

并列名词中，如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:

Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车

要表示所有物不是共有的'，应分别在并列名词后加’s

Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如:

a picture of the classroom a map of China

1. (1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle

元音开头的可数名词前用an :

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

(2)定冠词：the

the egg the plane

2. 用法:定冠词的用法：

(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk

(2)复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.

(4)在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second.

(5)用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening

(1)专有名词前：China is a big country.

(2)名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.

(3)复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

(4)在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

(5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.

(6)球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.

(7)学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.

(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.

(9)固定词组中：at noon at night by bus

语法知识三：常用介词：in, on, at, behind等

1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。

at 1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)

2.on

1)表示具体日期。

注：(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法：

at(on)the weekend在周末---特指

at(on)weekends在周末---泛指

over the weekend在整个周末

during the weekend在周末期间

(2)在圣诞节，应说at Christmas？而不说on Christmas？

2)在(刚……)的时候。

On reaching the city he called up his parents.

一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。

3.in

1)表示"时段"、"时期"，在多数情况下可以和during互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December，the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)

(1)一般现在时：

一般现在时的构成

1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

动词+s的变化规则

1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies

(2)一般过去时:

动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有：

A、规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

② 以e结尾的动词直接加d：如 lived , danced , used

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ,

see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

(3)一般将来时：

基本结构：

①be going to + do;

②will+ do. be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词

动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则：

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing

③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting.

英语语法五大基本句型

英语句子是由主语(subject)、 谓语动词(verb)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、状语(adverbial)、宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成。以下是我整理的英语语法五大基本句型，我们一起看看吧!

一There be 句型

1、解释：“……地方有……”;

2、结构：

There be + 主语 + 地点状语

eg：There are some apples on the table.

3、考点：主谓一致

(1)be 后名词是单数名词或不可数名词，be 用 is 或者 was;后接可数名词复数则用 are 或were。

eg：

There is an apple in the fridge.

There is some milk in the fridge.

There isn’t any / is no money in the box.

There are many girls in the room.

(2)如果 be 后面是几个并列名词作主语，be 的`单复数和最靠近的名词保持一致——就近原则。

eg：

There is a book and two pencils on the desk.

There are two pencils and a book on the desk.

二主系表

1、结构：主语+系动词+表语

eg：

He is good.

He is a good student.

2、系动词：

必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语才能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫系动词。

常见系动词：

(1)be 动词——is/am/are/was/were

(2)感官动词——feel/look/sound/taste/smell

(3)表转变动词——get/grow/become/go

eg：

感官动词主系表——It looks perfect. 它看上去真完美。

表转变动词主系表——The sky grew dark./ It became dirty.

3、考点：系动词后面跟形容词

eg：

He looks at her happily.(happily 修饰 look at，look at 解释为看着，look 是实义动词)

He looks happy when he sees her.(look 不及物，这里没有跟介词，单独行动，翻译/为“看上去”，是系动词，后跟形容词。)

三主谓宾

1、结构：主语+谓语+宾语

主语：动作发出者;

谓语：动作本身(实义动词);

宾语：动作承受者

eg：I walk a bear. 我溜一只熊。

四主谓宾宾

结构：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语

双宾语：直接宾语(物);间接宾语(人)——物直人间

eg：

I give him the book.

I give the book to him.

谓语后跟间接宾语时，直接宾语前不需要介词;谓语后跟直接宾语时，间接宾语前加介词 to/for。

五主谓宾宾补

结构：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补

宾补：一个宾语不能完整表达出意思，需要加一个补充成分来补足宾语使句意完整。

eg：

He made me happy.

I keep the room tidy.

My mother saw me doing housework.

六能力检测走起

一星题

There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table .

A. are, many B. are , much

C. is ,many D. is ,much

2. How many ___ are there in the room ?

A. apple B. students

C. milk D. paper

3. There ____ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.

A. is a B. are some

C. has a D. have some

4. Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ____.

A. made a cake to me B. made a cake me

C. made for me a cake D. made me a cake

5. -Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday?

-Oh, that _______ good.

A. feels B.looks

C smells D.sounds

两星题

1. There ____ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

2. Roses in bloom smell ____.

A. sweetly B. sweet

C. sweeten D. sweetness

翻译：(如有单词提示，请用提示单词)

1. 我昨晚看见爸爸在工作。(并写出句型)

2. 他变得很生气。(get)(并写出句型)

3. 我给妈妈买了一本书。(通过变换宾语位置翻译出两句句子，并写出句型)

三星题

1. - Is this the last exam we have to take ? - No, but there ____ another test three months later from now.

A. will be going to B. is

C. will be D. has been

2. There ______ great changes in such kind of computers in the last few years.

A. is B. are

C. will be D. have been

3. There ________ a football match on TV this evening.

A. will have B. is going to be

C. has D. is going to have

4. Canned food does not go ____.

A. bad easily B. badly easy `

C. bad easy D. badly easily

5..I will make your dream ____.

A. comes true B. to come true

C. coming truly D. come true