综合英语提高教程2

Unit 6 The secret life of science The integrated course 6-1 Active reading 1 Pre-reading activities 01、Bad luck refers to things happening in ways you do not want. An event in itself is not bad luck, but it could be bad luckto someone. My losing money is bad luck for me, but it may be someone else's good luck (if they dishonestly keep the money). 02、I guess it can. Once you have lost your job, for example, your family may break up, and you might fall ill from stress, and so on in a vicious spiral. 03、I've been very unlucky with my house recently first the bathroom flooded, then my key broke in the lock, and now the heating has stopped working. Also, I was unlucky yesterday. My bicycle got a puncture and I lost my favourite pen. Exercises-1 01、A 02、B 03、A 04、B 05、D 06、A 07、B 08、A Exercises-2 01、misfortunes 02、neutral 03、frequency 04、mathematical 05、extend 06、vulnerable 07、subsequent 08、encountered Exercises-3 01、bumped 02、overlapped 03、adjacent 04、situated 05、cluster 06、duration Exercises-4 01、A 02、B 03、B 04、B 05、B 06、B 07、B 08、B 09、A 6-2 Active reading 2 Pre-reading activities-1 01、Quite a number of them: anatomy (studying the body), astronomy (studying space), biochemistry, botany (studying plants), chemical engineering, cosmology (studying the universe), ecology (studying organisms and their environments), genetics (studying genes and variation), meteorology (studying weather), microbiology (studying viruses etc), nutrition, oceanography (studying the seas), pharmacology (studying medical drugs), radiology (studying radiant energy such as X-rays), seismology (studying earthquakes), systems analysis. 02、In fact none of them is easy to teach. 03、It is easier to learn a lot of scientific facts by reading about them, because it is faster and more practical than doing the experiments yourself. Of course, new scientific knowledge can only be discovered through experiments. 04、Yes, sometimes. But science fiction is generally for fun. It is not a good source of scientific knowledge. Pre-reading activities-2 01、D Exercises-1 01、B Exercises-2 01、C 02、C 03、D 04、C Exercises-3 01、C 02、E 03、A 04、D 05、B Exercises-4 01、outdated 02、shifted 03、namely 04、depressing 05、explosion 06、dreadful 07、proposal Exercises-5 01、revolve 02、inhabitants 03、generate 04、baffling 05、hurl 06、reckless Exercises-6 01、A 02、A 03、B 04、B 05、A 6-3 Language in use Grammar & structure-1 01、There is a possibility that the insurance won't pay you for this accident. 02、What happens to you isn't my responsibility. 03、I'm not sure of the suitability of this programme for you. 04、The calculation's complexity slowed me down. 05、Natural curiosity is a characteristic of many great thinkers. 06、I was surprised at the stupidity of her behaviour. Grammar & structure-2 01、hands-free 02、alcohol-free 03、sugar-free 04、traffic-free 05、lead-free Grammar & structure-3 01、When it comes to evaluating students' work, there are always some very difficult choices to be made. 02、When it comes to the examples of bad luck you spoke about, many of these seem to be rather unimportant. 03、When it comes to human psychology, we see that this is very closely related to physical health and well-being. 04、When it comes to learning an instrument like the piano or violin, a lot of patience and the ability to persevere are essential. 05、When it comes to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck, there are all sorts of fantastic theories. Collocations 01、When it comes to evaluating students' work, there are always some very difficult choices to be made. 02、When it comes to the examples of bad luck you spoke about, many of these seem to be rather unimportant. 03、When it comes to human psychology, we see that this is very closely related to physical health and well-being. 04、When it comes to learning an instrument like the piano or violin, a lot of patience and the ability to persevere are essential. 05、When it comes to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck, there are all sorts of fantastic theories. Translation-1 01、In August 2008, China's first high-speed railway, the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway, was opened, ushering China into an era of high-speed railway. In recent years, in addition to achieving a series of major innovations and breakthroughs in key technologies, China has also developed a world-class high-speed railway technology system with independent intellectual property. With its advanced technology, cost-effectiveness and successful operating experiences in high-speed railway, China is witnessing an increasing export of its high-speed railway technologies and related products to many countries around the world. China's high-speed railway technology is finding its way in the world and is playing a positive role in promoting "the Belt and Road Initiative". Translation-2 01、In August 2008, China's first high-speed railway, the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway, was opened, ushering China into an era of high-speed railway. In recent years, in addition to achieving a series of major innovations and breakthroughs in key technologies, China has also developed a world-class high-speed railway technology system with independent intellectual property. With its advanced technology, cost-effectiveness and successful operating experiences in high-speed railway, China is witnessing an increasing export of its high-speed railway technologies and related products to many countries around the world. China's high-speed railway technology is finding its way in the world and is playing a positive role in promoting "the Belt and Road Initiative". 6-4 Reading across cultures Exercises-1 01、Maths and physics. 02、Skills of using words language learning, speaking, writing etc. 03、Tricky indeed I think one (the systemizing brain) the point about girls accepting their weakness (if that's what is meant) and the one about teachers concentrating on the boys seem to explain why more boys take science rather than why they are better at science.So I think only one reason is given that boys' brains are better adapted for science. The other points explain why science is less popular with girls. 04、An empathizing brain tries to understand other people's thoughts and emotions, while a systemizing brain wants to understand the rules which govern the behaviour of a system. 05、Girls. 06、They get better exam results than boys. Exercises-2 01、This seems global, and China is no exception. Boys are in general better than girls at science in China. 02、Boys are traditionally good at subjects in science and technology, such as maths, physics and engineering. There is no known reason why this is so, but according to the passage, boys have systemizing brains, and this may be the reason. 03、Girls are traditionally good at arts, literature and language learning. Again, there is no known reason accounting for this. Maybe it is because girls have "empathizing" brains. 04、As a general trend, the situation has not changed. But we are seeing more girls take subjects traditionally dominated by boys, and vice versa. 05、Boys and girls may have different answers. Personally I think I have a brain that is kind of "empathizing". I have never been good at science maths, physics and so on. I even had difficulty passing exams in these subjects. 06、Psychologists, counsellors and people in the hospitality business all need to empathize with other people. I suppose computer programming and doing things like organizing transport networks would be examples of careers where a systemizing brain would be a big advantage. 6-5 Guided writing Writing task-1 01、Simon Baron Cohen's theory about brain differences. 02、To make us pay particular attention to the word, and not allow the theory to prove too much. 03、That all girls have "empathizing" brains. 04、That girls do better at school. 05、One girls are opting for science subjects. Or three girls are opting for science subjects, probably because they want to study medicine, which is a caring, empathetic career. 06、Yes, it reinforces the first sentence of the paragraph and closes the paragraph neatly. No, its point is rather contradictory to other arguments in the passage, so we are left without a clear overall statement. Writing task-2 01、Lots of people think that cookery is a suitable subject for girls. This may be true, but it doesn't mean all girls make good cooks. Nor does it imply that boys cannot cook great food. On the contrary, many of the great chefs in the top restaurants are male. We only have to think about Yi Yin back in the Shang Dynasty to see men have always been cooking well. And one of my male friends is the top chef at a five-star hotel. Lots of girls take cookery, but it does not mean they make the best cooks. In fact, many girls think of cooking only as a chore. This can be seen by the popularity of pre-prepared frozen and canned food. Men who cook are more likely to take a pride in the activity and aim to produce something special. 6-6 Unit test 01、rotates 02、reckless 03、atomic 04、extend 05、exert 06、response 07、aliens 08、notion 09、proposal 10、astronaut 11、generate 12、formula 13、inhabitant 14、giant 15、encounter 16、depressing 17、explosions 18、revolves 19、curse 20、simultaneous 21、with 22、up 23、on 24、from 25、from 26、up 27、to 28、at 29、back 30、up 31、L 32、J 33、F 34、G 35、O 36、D 37、K 38、H 39、N 40、E 41、argumentative 42、We just need a bit of patience and let science catch up to science fiction. 43、Many science-fiction authors are scientists. 44、Truth and Reality in Science Fiction. 45、Paragraph 4. Further practice 6-7 Vocabulary Exercises-1 01、F 02、B 03、G 04、E 05、H 06、A 07、D Exercises-2 01、psychological 02、gravitational 03、controversial 04、technological 05、theoretical 06、marginal 07、conventional 08、chemical Exercises-3 01、A 02、B 03、B 04、B 05、B 06、B 07、B 08、A Exercises-4 01、absorb, bend, dip, roll, shift 02、accessible, confusing, normal, radical, simultaneous 03、ant, bend, data, dip, lung, roll, shift Exercises-5 01、confusing 02、simultaneously 03、accessible 04、rolled 05、dip 06、bends 07、absorb 08、radical Exercises-6 01、generate 02、proposed 03、exploded 04、depressing 05、apply 06、revolv 07、interpret 08、subsequent Exercises-7 01、probability 02、responsibility 03、complexity 04、curiosity 05、possibility 06、suitability 07、stupidity 08、memorability Exercises-8 01、A 02、B 03、C 04、A 05、B 06、C 6-8 Structure Exercises-1 01、When it comes to different kinds of unlucky events, we can see that some are unluckier than others. 02、When it comes to analysing the data, we should be cautious. 03、When it comes to anecdotal cases of unlucky coincidences, we should treat them with some scepticism. 04、When it comes to descriptions of unlucky events, they can be interpreted in different ways. 05、When it comes to remembering unlucky events, we should remember that they are more memorable than neutral ones. Exercises-2 01、What may be true is that females have empathizing brains and males have systemizing brains. 02、What Einstein proved is that spacetime is not flat but curved. 03、The physics students felt their tutor had explained very clearly what had been confusing them. 04、What is fairly easy to understand is that the collapse of a star creates a black hole. 05、Scientists desperately needed to discover what was the mechanical fault that had caused the problem. 06、What the filmmakers got wrong in Empire of the Ants was that they didn't understand that giant ants wouldn't be able to function well. 6-9 Reading Reading 1-1 01、B 02、C 03、B 04、A 05、A Reading 1-2 01、E 02、C 03、D 04、A 05、I 06、H 07、G 08、F 09、B Reading 2-1 01、modern life 02、difficult to understand 03、understand scientific concepts 04、are often best-sellers 05、popular science books 06、universe started 07、genes 08、modern-day priests Reading 2-2 01、A 02、A 03、B 04、B 05、A 06、A 07、B 08、B 09、A 6-10 Integrated skills training Exercises-1 01、C 02、B 03、A 04、C 05、B 06、A 07、D 08、A 09、D 10、B Exercises-2 01、One way of making chemical formulae easier to remember is to set them to music in songbooks. 02、A simulation of a rocket journey through space is used in a video game to explain relativity. 03、The most obscure scientific subjects are made accessible and fun by using cartoons. 04、Despite the fact that some of the films may be dreadful, they hide a lot of helpful messages. 05、Two simultaneous explosions cause the earth to be pushed towards the sun. 06、Even more confusing is the treatment of relativity in science fiction films. 07、The way ants get oxygen is by absorbing it through the tissues in their bodies. 08、It is more likely that an ant the size of a human would be gasping for breath. Exercises-3 01、博尔特・泰勒的右半脑完好无损，尽管一开始感到了剧烈的疼痛，这位神经系统科学家却觉得幸福无比，因为她的身体似乎与整个宇宙相连了。（Tips: 注意 in which 的变通译法。） 02、这位科学家被迅速送进了医院，她花了八年时间进行康复治疗，终于完全恢复了左半脑的功能。她说在左半脑失去功能的那段时间里，她的内心极度平静，没有任何经验感受，因为那是右半脑管的事。 03、不管怎么说，那些不太懂现代科技中所蕴涵的科学概念的人（即大多数人）还是渴望了解它们。实际情况也是这样的，科普书籍那种以简洁明了的语言解释艰深的科学概念的书常常是热卖的畅销书。（Tips: 注意 behind 的译法；后一句翻译时需拆分，同位语可用标点来处理。 04、这本有争议的书对西方广大读者产生了巨大的影响。可以毫不夸张地说，霍金和道金斯（两个人是好朋友）是当代的宗师，科学就是新的宗教，他们的畅销书就是当代最权威的著作。 Exercises-4 01、Recently he experienced a succession of mishaps. Last weekend, he bumped the back of a car and paid a large sum of money for the accident; then his TV was broken and was in need of repair; and yesterday he was sacked by his boss. The series of misfortunes made him feel so unlucky that he decided to try his luck in the lottery. 02、The group is doing a research on how our perceptions of luck affect our life. The research shows that if our minds are negatively affected, we will get the impression that we were born unlucky and what happens to us is beyond our control, thus bad things will continue happening to us. 03、This is nothing but a lie. He leaps to this conclusion just because he is trying to lay the finger of blame on those who have for all these years worked day and night for the success of this project and escape his own responsibility for the failure 04、Virtual reality is a new information technique. In fact, virtual reality uses computer hardware and software to generate a simulation of an environment, such as a comfortable classroom, a breathtaking action and so on. Exercises-5 01、谷歌无人驾驶汽车是靠一套设备运作的：安装在车顶上的激光距离探测器可以生成周围环境详细的3D地图，安装在前后保险杆上的四个雷达可以望远以便应对高速路上的极速车流，安装在后视镜旁的摄影机可以检测到红绿灯，另外还有全球卫星定位系统、惯性测量装置和车轮角度编码器，这些装置可以确定车辆的位置及车轮轨迹。无人驾驶汽车的设计者希望智能汽车不但能改善交通状况、提高交通效率，还能把车辆变成共享资源。如果需要用车，人们只要点击智能手机，一辆自动驾驶汽车就会来接他们，把他们送到任何地方。但是这项技术在投入使用之前，设计者必须解决如何在雪地里行驶、如何应付道路上的各种突发状况等问题。 Exercises-6 链接：

分享一些好的英语学习方法，希望能对你有所帮助哟。 安亭沃尔得国际英语培训中心——安亭嘉亭大厦8楼 1.明确英语学习的目的 可以和很多外国人沟通，学习他们的文化。 有两套思维体系(英语和和汉语)，享受其中的乐趣 能看懂英文电影、阅读英文书籍等。 大学毕业有更大的机会进入外企，获得高薪工作 如果以后创业，便于和外国企业沟通。 可以在考试中获得高分，得到同学的羡慕、老师的器重和家长的表扬22.了解英语学习的障碍(从大到小) 汉语干扰:因为是不同的思维体系，根深蒂固的汉语会严重影响到英语学习 解决方案：尽量营造全英文学习环境，听说读写全方位，尽量用英语思考，这是最难的。 自信心:很多人不敢开口说英语，怕犯错误，怕丢脸 解决方案：其实不用怕，我们又不是说英语国家，说不好很正常的，没人会笑话;英语是很简单的语言，只需要2岁小孩的智商就可以学好。 毅力:任何事情都需要毅力，学习英语也不例外，而且英语这东西，就需要每天不断联系，日积月累，才能学好。 解决方案：没有，只能靠兴趣和自律。 英语好的标准尤其不要把考得好当成英语好的标准，能考满分的白痴数都数不清。 解决方案：英语是门语言，只能用沟通的顺畅来做为标准。 学校教育:只会用中文交英语的老师，多半都不怎么样，所以想学好，还得看自己。解决方案：记住，人才都是自学成才的。 是不是觉得很难学啊?那么，怎么能营造全英语学习环境?怎么能加强自信?怎么能保持旺盛的势头啊? 我们一一来解决。33.如何才能学好英语?准备充分：词典、录音机和磁带、英语教材，一个都不能少! 单词:首先要攻克的难关，包括音标、解释、拼写等 解决方案： 1.早期靠大声朗读拼写，通过听觉来记忆，记忆没有诀窍，只有重复重复再重复，不管用什么方法，记住就行 2.等词汇量有一定积累时，靠海量阅读(记住是海量)，什么都读。 语法和句型:解决方案：靠学校老师交的方法就基本可以解决了。 听:听是一种感觉，是一种意识，是建立在词汇量基础上的能力。 解决方案：重复听，什么都听，建议从听英语歌曲开始。 说:最难掌握的技巧，没有捷径，只能靠反复说。 读:早期跟着磁带大声朗读就行了，尽量去模仿语音、语调，口语也可以得到加强。 写:还是靠阅读，读得多了，自然有感觉。END结束语总之，听说读写是一个环环相扣的整体，只要一个方面提高，其他也会相应加强。建议从最简单的阅读入手，循序渐进，切记切记是海量阅读，多读英语课外读物。以上的是大多数人都知道的，一下是大多数人都不知道的。培养兴趣和成就感积累是学好英语的关键。海量阅读-再次强调，最最重要，多读英语课外读物。英语课堂上，不要把发言机会让给任何人，每次都要把给手举直了，可以积累你的自信心和成就感。朗读，模仿是关键，一定要大声，这个很重要，对于口语和听力都靠这个提高。注意音标，找出规律，可以帮助记忆单词。英语学习环境，尽量不要用中文去解释英文，阅读纯英文文章，字典高中后也可以用全英文的。(适合高中以后)改造你的面部肌肉，因为中国人的脸是不适合说英语的，方法是发音要把口长大，要尽量模仿原音。勤于查字典，把字典翻烂了，英语也就学好了。同样，什么时候把录音机听坏了，听力也好了。什么时候你能把以上都做到了，英语考试就都能考99分以上了。每个人都适合自己的学习方法，以上的方法只能做为参考，希望能对你有所启发。如果能做到，你的英语水平已经高出同龄人很多了，同时可以在考试中获得高分。平时学习，录音机和课外读物是最好的帮手，我这里有很多，等我放寒假，我就带回去给你。学习英语很艰苦，也充满乐趣，肯定会遇到挫折和失败，只要习惯于挑战失败，就没有什么可以把你击倒。试想一下，有一口流利的英语是什么感觉。好好努力吧，英语很简单的。表达能力有限，只希望这篇没太多头绪的文章，能帮你把英语学好。

第六单元

卡罗琳土耳其人式的职业传统上一直由男性主导。在这篇文章中，她谈到了她如何赶上这个行业，并通过她的成功表明，男人能学到的东西可以由女人来完成。

我小时候卧室里的东西都是粉红色的。我有两个姐姐，我们有一个微型厨房，一组五颜六色的小马，还有几个芭比娃娃和凯恩娃娃。我们没有玩具卡车、没有玩具士兵、没有篮球。我们确实有一套空心棒球，但在我们的游戏室里很难找到。毕竟，我们不是傻瓜。

正因为如此，有些人可能会对我长大后成为一名机械工程师感到惊讶。事实上，我是公司里唯一的女工程师。为了获得大学文凭，我必须修许多数学和自然科学课程。我还得和几个学生合作，把一辆耗油的运动型多功能车改装成混合动力车，作为全国比赛的一部分。所以我学会了如何修理汽车。我很自豪地说：“我所有的科目都是A，包括多元微积分和微分方程”。我的数学设计总是很好，但我不知道结果会怎样。我的家人想让我上大学，但没人告诉我有一天我会成为一名优秀的工程师。

我高中时对工程学一无所知，当时我分不清变速器和交流发电机。我的车需要修理，但我不敢把它开到修理工那里。因为老实说，如果修理工给我看一个电动开罐器，对我说：“这是你的车的零件。它坏了，你付钱给我，我帮你修理它。”我不知道他是在敲诈。

当我高中三年级结束时，我听说有一个暑期班专门培养女孩子对工程学的兴趣。这门课为期六个星期，不用付钱。学生还可以获得大学学分，在马里兰的本科生宿舍里享受一个房间。我申请这个暑期班并不是因为我想成为一名工程师，而是因为我想独立，离开父母家独自呆六个星期。

我被这个暑期班录取了，获得了六个工程学学分。第二年我上了这所大学，主修工程学。五年后，我获得了学位和三份体面的工作。

听说研究表明女性在学习数学方面处于劣势。我不寒而栗，他们的意思是我有点不正常。我一点也不稀奇，但我知道如果不是偶然进入那个暑期班，我就不会成为一名工程师了。

1／2

像许多学生一样，随着我的成长，我被告知要做我最擅长的事。但我不知道我擅长什么。很多人认为如果你擅长某件事，你可以很容易地学会。但我发现一门课很难学，这并不意味着你不擅长它。你必须咬紧牙关，更加努力地学习。一旦你学好了，你可能会喜欢它并从中获得无与伦比的乐趣。

八年级时，我学代数，在一次考试中我只答对了36％的问题。我有一次考试不及格，所以我想，也许我不是很擅长代数。幸运的是，我有一位老师并没有根据我的低分来衡量我的能力，而是认为低分只意味着我应该更加努力地学习。他把我叫到一边，告诉我她知道我可以学得更好。他让我重考。这次我把分数提高到了A。

我在大学也很努力。星期六下午，我坐在工程图书馆吱吱作响的荧光灯下，有一段时间我担心体内的雌激素使我无法理解热力学。但是我们班的男生也要努力学习。我知道我不能对自己失去信心。我不想再做女人了，只选一个最好的和中间的工作。所以我提醒自己，男人天生擅长数学的说法是基于这样一个错误的前提，即人们可以直接从他或她小时候受到的社会文化影响来判断一个人的能力。男人不是孤岛，女人也不是孤岛。

为什么我们要这么快限制自己？我不否认大多数小女孩喜欢洋娃娃，大多数小男孩喜欢电子游戏。也许确实有些人喜欢用大脑的右半球，而另一些人喜欢用左半球。但这跟我或其他人有什么关系？为什么得出结论，人与人之间的差异是大脑相关的，而不是集中于我们所拥有的难以置信的灵活性？也许我们应该考虑我们的大脑可能比我们想象的要强大得多，而不是解释为什么女人不能用我们所知道的知识来学习物理。

秘密是大多数人既不容易学数学，也不容易学自然科学。没有人天生懂微积分，男人能学的女人也能学。但首先，女人需要知道她可以学习，这需要精神去冒感冒的风险。同时，你必须选择倾听别人的声音。

扩展资料：

PartII由正课文、词表和练习三部分组成。课文注释采用脚注，练习部分主要包括下列几个方面：1、课文理解；2、课文结构；3、语感培养；4、语言操练。

PartIII由副课文、词表和练习三部分组成。课文的注释同样采用脚注形式，每课词表列出20个四级词和短语作为复用词供操练。其余的生词和短语要查找书后的词汇表。练习包括有关课文内容的多项选择题、课文句子翻译和词语填充，练习答案亦附于书后。

PartIV是一项进一步深化的综合性口、笔实践活动。它是在学生经过了正、副课文和学习和一系列的语言操练后。对相关主题的内容和语言表述已有所掌握的前提下进行的。主要由小组讨论和课堂写作两部分构成。后者以前者为基础，书后练习答案附录中，有一篇写好的作文供学生参考。

参考资料来源：

百度百科—大学英语综合教程2