英语美文孤独

没有人喜欢孤独的感觉。大家有感觉孤独过吗?接下来，我给大家准备了人为什么会感到孤独双语美文,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。

人为什么会感到孤独双语美文

Nobody likes feeling lonely, and some recent research suggests that the ache of isolation isn't only a psychological problem; unwanted solitude impacts physical health, too. Loneliness increases a person's risk of mortality by 26 percent, an effect comparable to the health risks posed by obesity, according to a study published this spring.

没有人喜欢孤独的感觉。最近某调查显示，孤独造成的痛苦不仅是心理问题，不是出自本意所需的孤独还会影响到身体健康。根据一项今年春季发布的研究，孤独会使一个人的死亡风险提高26%，这与过度肥胖造成的健康风险程度相当。

And because of this new evidence of the serious ramifications of loneliness, some researchers are investigating what it is, exactly, that makes lonely people stay lonely. In particular, could some behavior be at the root of their isolation?

由于新发现了这一孤独导致的严重后果，一些研究人员正在着手研究具体是什么东西使人处于孤独之中，特别是，会不会有某些行为是孤独的根源。

In a paper recently published in the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Franklin & Marshall College professor Megan L. Knowles led four experiments that demonstrated lonely people's tendency to choke when under social pressure. In one, Knowles and her team tested the social skills of 86 undergraduates, showing them 24 faces on a computer screen and asking them to name the basic human emotion each face was displaying: anger, fear, happiness, or sadness. She told some of the students that she was testing their social skills, and that people who failed at this task tended to have difficulty forming and maintaining friendships. But she framed the test differently for the rest of them, describing it as a this-is-all-theoretical kind of exercise.

在最近于《个性与社会心理学通报》发表的一篇论文中，富兰克林与马歇尔学院的教授梅根.L.诺尔斯指导了4个实验，这些实验显示出，孤独的人在社交压力之下有不能正常运用社交技巧的倾向。在其中一个实验中，诺尔斯和她的团队对86名大学生的社交技巧进行了测试。她在电脑屏幕上给他们展示了24张人脸图像，并让他们说出每一张脸表达的基本情绪：愤怒、恐惧、快乐或是悲伤。她告诉其中的一些学生，说她测试的是他们的社交技巧，而没有通过测试的人很可能在友谊的建立和维系上有困难。但是她对另外的学生却有不同的说法，她说这完全是个理论性质的练习。

Before they started any of that, though, all the students completed surveys that measured how lonely they were. In the end, the lonelier students did worse than the non-lonely students on the emotion-reading task — but only when they were told they were being tested on their social skills. When the lonely were told they were just taking a general knowledge test, they performed better than the non-lonely. Previous research echoes these new results: Past studies have suggested, for example, that the lonelier people are better at accurately reading facial expressions and decoding tone of voice. As the theory goes, lonely people may be paying closer attention to emotional cues precisely because of their ache to belong somewhere and form interpersonal connections, which results in technically superior social skills.

在所有的测试之前，所有的学生都完成了一份衡量他们孤独程度的调查。结果，孤独的学生在情感辨别测试上比不孤独的学生做得要差，但这种情况只有在告诉他们这是个社交技巧测试时才会出现。当孤独的人被告知他们只是在做常识测试时，他们比不孤独的人表现得更好。更早以前的研究也得出过相似的结果：比如过去有研究表明，孤独的人更善于准确识别面部表情，解读说话者语气中蕴含的信息。这个理论认为，孤独的人可能会更细致地关注情感暗示，因为他们渴望得到归属感、建立起人与人之间的联系。确切意义上来讲，这使得他们拥有了更优秀的社交技巧。

But like a baseball pitcher with a mean case of the yips or a nervous test-taker sitting down for an exam, being hyperfocused on not screwing up can lead to over-thinking and second-guessing, which, of course, can end up causing the very screwup the person was so bent on avoiding. It's largely a matter of reducing that performance anxiety, in other words, and Knowles and her colleagues did manage to find one way to do this for their lonely study participants, though, admittedly, it is maybe not exactly applicable outside of a lab. The researchers gave their volunteers an energy-drink-like beverage and told them that any jitters they felt were owing to the caffeine they’d just consumed. (In actuality, the beverage contained no caffeine, but no matter — the study participants believed that it did.) They then did the emotion-reading test, just like in the first experiment. Compared to scores from that first experiment, there was no discernible difference in scores for the non-lonely, but the researchers did see improvement among the lonely participants — even when the task had been framed as a social-skills test.

不过，就像因过度紧张而无法正常发挥的 排球 发球手或是在考场中紧张的考生一样，总想着不把事情弄糟会使你对事态的进展顾虑重重，如此一来，结果必然还是会搞砸，尽管你已经努力避免把事情弄糟了。换句话说，问题大概还是在于降低对自我表现的焦虑，诺尔斯和她的同事也确实找到了 方法 帮助参与他们研究的孤独者，虽然不可否认的是，这可能不适用于实验室外的情况。研究人员让志愿者喝下一种看上去像能量饮料的液体，并跟他们说他们的紧张感都是他们刚刚吸收的咖啡因引起的。(实际上那些饮料里不含咖啡因，不过没关系，志愿者相信里面有。)然后他们做了情感识别测试，就像第一个实验那样。与第一个实验的分数比起来，不孤独的人的得分没有明显的变化，但研究者却发现孤独的志愿者得分提高了，甚至在告诉他们这是个社交技能测试后也是如此。

It may be difficult to trick yourself into believing your nerves are from caffeine and not the fact that you really, really, really want to make a good impression in some social setting, but there are other ways to change your own thinking about anxiety. One of my recent favorites is from Harvard Business School's Alison Wood Brooks, who found that when she had people reframe their nerves as excitement, they subsequently performed better on some mildly terrifying task, like singing in public. At the very least, this current research presents a fairly new way to think about lonely people. It's not that they need to brush up on the basics of social skills — that they've likely already got down. Instead, lonely people may need to focus more on getting out of their own heads, so they can actually use the skills they've got to form friendships and begin to find a way out of their isolation.

要欺骗自己去相信紧张感是咖啡因的作用而不是真的、真的、真的想在社交场合中留下好印象，这或许很难，但是我们有其他方法来改变我们对焦虑的看法。哈佛商学院的艾莉森·伍德·布鲁克斯的研究是我最近的最爱之一，她让人们把紧张重新界定为兴奋，之后他们在完成一些稍微有些吓人的任务时表现得更好了，比方说在公共场合 唱歌 。不管怎样，当前的这项研究给我们展现了一个看待孤独者的新方式。他们并不需要提高基本的社交技巧，他们大都已经掌握了。他们需要的是努力不让自己胡思乱想，这样他们就可以真正地用上自己已经拥有的社交技巧去建立友谊、走出孤独。 相关 文章 ：

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孤独作为人的一种生命存在状态,是文学永恒的话题。在中外文学史上,许多作家笔下塑造了各异的孤独者。下面是我带来的关于孤独的 英语 美文欣赏 ，欢迎阅读!关于孤独的英语美文欣赏篇一 The Habits of the Solitary 习惯性孤独 My bones have been aching again,as they often do in humid weather. 和平常一样遇到天气潮湿，我的骨头又疼起来了。 They ache like history:things long done with, that still remain as pain. 疼起来就像历史重演，很久之前就疼过，现在依然很疼。 When the ache is bad enough it keeps me from sleeping. 疼得厉害时，我无法入睡。 Every night I yearn for sleep,I strive for it; 每天晚上我渴望睡觉，努力入睡， yet it flutters on ahead of me like a curtain. 但疼痛像窗帘一样在我面前晃动。 There are sleeping pills, of course,but the doctor has warned me against them. 当然我有安眠药，但医生警告我不要吃。 Last night, after what seemed hours of damp turmoil,I got up and crept slipperless down the stairs,feeling my way in the faint street light that came through the window. 昨晚，感觉好像是在 潮湿天气里辗转反侧了好几个小时后，我起了床，没有穿拖鞋悄悄下楼，一路上借着透过窗户照进来的微弱灯光摸索着。 Once safely arrived at the bottom,I walked into the kitchen and looked around in the refrigerator. 安全到了楼下，我走进厨房打开冰箱看了一遍。 There was nothing much I wanted to eat:the remains of a bunch of celery,a blue-tinged heel of bread,a lemon going soft. 没有什么我想吃的东西:剩下的一捆芹菜，发霉的面包，一个变软的柠檬。 I've fallen into the habits of the solitary;my meals are snatched and random. 我陷入了习惯性的孤独中;我吃饭总是胡乱而随意。 Furtive snacks, furtive treats and picnics. 偷吃零食，偷吃大餐和野餐。 I made do with some peanut butter,scooped directly from the jar with a forefinger:why dirty a spoon? 我直接用食指从罐子里蘸了一些花生酱来吃:为什么要弄脏勺子呢? Standing there with the jar in one hand and my finger in my mouth,I had the feeling that someone was about to walk into the room—some other woman, the unseen, valid owner—and ask me what in hell I was doing in her kitchen. 站在那儿一手拿着罐子，手指含在嘴里，我感觉有人要进来—是另外某个女人，看不见的，合法的屋主—问我究竟在她的厨房做什么。 I've had it before,the sense that even in the course of my most legitimate and daily actions—peeling a banana, brushing my teeth—I am trespassing. 我以前就有过那种感觉，那感觉就是甚至在做我最合理的日常事情时—剥香蕉，刷牙—都觉得自己正在扇子进入别人的房间。 At night the house was more than ever like a stranger's. 夜里房子就更像是一个陌生人的。 I wandered through the front room,the dining room, the parlour,hand on the wall for balance. 我漫步穿过前屋，餐厅，客厅，手扶着墙以保持平衡。 My various possessions were floating in their own pools of shadow,denying my ownership of them. 我所拥有的各种东西在各自的阴影里飘动，否认我对它们的拥有权。 I looked them over with a burglar's eye,deciding what might be worth the risk of stealing,what on the other hand I would leave behind. 我用入室盗窃的眼光看待它们，决定哪些东西值得去偷，哪些我会留下。 Robbers would take the obvious things—the silver teapot that was my grandmother's,perhaps the hand-painted china. The television set. 盗窃者会拿走明显的东西—祖母留下的银茶壶，也许还有手绘的搪瓷以及电视。 Nothing I really want. 可是这里却没有我真正想要的东西。 关于孤独的英语美文欣赏篇二 不那么孤独的生活 Loneliness is not just confined to the elderly. There is the loneliness of the adolescent,especially if they come from a troubled home, or are finding it difficult to make friends atschool. There is the terrible loneliness of bereavement. Someone suddenly finding no one thereafter years together with a partner. There is the loneliness of a person critically ill in hospital,cut off from the life they have known and fearful about the future. Then there are some peoplewho have always felt alone like the poet R.S.Thomas. He wrote some lovely poems to his wife of50 years but when she died and he was asked if he was now lonely he replied “Isn’t one lonelywithin marriage”? So many forms of loneliness but we cannot ignore the fact that we are most of us are livinglonger now and there are an increasing number of elderly living on their own who do not seeanyone from one week’s end to another-not just women, for a recent study said that morethan a million men over the age of 50 suffer from a sense of isolation. I find it very poignantwhen I go through my address system on the computer and have to delete a name. Somepeople reach the stage when the names of all their friends have been deleted. Overall some 10%of people over the age of 65 say they are lonely most or all of the time. All this is intensified atthis time of the year. Priests know that Christmas can be tinged with some heart rendingconversations about the pain of loneliness Existentialists used to stress that as human beings it is our lot to be fundamentally alone.There is no escape, and certainly this tendency has been reinforced by the rampantindividualism that has dominated European thought and life for 3 centuries. But I prefer theAfrican notion of Ubuntu, that life is essentially interpersonal. We become and remain personsin and through our relation to other persons. Hence those great words addressed to Adam inthe Garden of Eden “It is not good for man to be alone.” Mother Theresa who did so much for the destitute poor on the streets of Calcutta once said“Loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible poverty.” Charities andvoluntary organisations do much to help overcome this. Even if we have not able to volunteerourselves we can I think all do more to connect with other people, a phone call, a visit, agreeting in the street, a smile across the counter. For we belong together and it is not goodfor man-or woman-to be alone. 孤独不是老年人的专利，青少年也会孤独，尤其是问题家庭的孩子，或者在学校难以交到朋友的青少年，也有可怕的丧亲之痛的孤独，有的人发现多年来找不到一个伙伴，一个人重病住院时也会很孤独，这些人平时所熟知的生活被切断，为未来忧心忡忡。也有像诗人R.S.托马斯那样总是感到孤独的人，他在50年间给妻子写了一些可爱的诗作，当妻子去世时，有人问他现在是否感到孤独，他回答道，“难道婚姻内就不孤独吗?” 所以说存在各种各样的孤独，但我们不能忽略的事实是，我们大多数人现在寿命都更长，有越来越多的独居老人一星期都见不到其他人，不仅仅是老年女性，最近一份研究称有100多万50岁以上的老年男子都有孤独感。每当我浏览电脑中的地址列表，必须要删除一个名字时，我感到特别痛心。有的人甚至到了这样的境地，他们所有朋友的名字都被删除。总的来说，在65岁以上年龄的老人中，大约10%的人说大多数时间或一直都感到孤独。尤其是一年的这个时候更为孤独，牧师们知道， 圣诞节 会有关于孤独之痛的令人伤心的谈话。 存在主义者一直强调说，人类从根本来说是孤独的，这是我们的命运。我们无法逃脱，当然，这一趋势被影响欧洲思想和生活300年的势不可挡的个人主义所强化。但我更喜欢非洲的人性观念，即生活从根本上来说是人际关系。通过与他人建立关系，我们成为人并保持人的本性。因此上帝在伊甸园对亚当说，“男人孤单是不对的”。 曾大力帮助过加尔各答街头赤贫者的特蕾莎修女说，“孤独和不被需要的感觉是最可怕的贫困”。慈善机构和志愿者组织就是在尽力克服这样的感觉，即使我们自己无法做志愿者，但我想我们可以努力和他人交往，一个电话，一次访问，街头的打招呼，街角的微笑。因为我们属于彼此，无论男人还是女人，孤独都是不好的。 关于孤独的英语美文欣赏篇三 Although Chinese people have gradually become wealthy more or less due to the reform andopening-up policy，they have oftentimes been troubled by a lack of friends that they can takeinto their confidence. Thisobservation manifests itself most vividly in a line cited from themovie.If You Are the One，that is，“Ido not lack money but friends”.Ironically，in the cellphone contact list of an average person，the number of cell phone numbers may reach acouple of hundreds.One can not help wondering if modern people become lonelier thanbefore.Personally，I hold the opinion that modern people do become lonelier than before. 由于改革开放政策的实施，中国人民变得比以往更加富有，但是，有时他们也会因为缺少朋友而困扰，朋友能够为他们带来自信。我们能从电影台词中清晰可见。电影非诚勿扰中有一句台词：“我不缺钱，只缺朋友。”具有讽刺意味的是，在人们的电话薄中，我们存储了上百个电话号码。人们不禁会想现代人是否比以往更加孤单。我认为，现代人比以往更加孤单。 Firstly，due to the urbanizing process at an unprecedented speed，the society became moremobile，for more and more people migrate from one city to another to seekfortune.Nowadays people in cities are consisted of migrate workers from rural areas，collegegraduates in pursuit of their dreams， businessmen across the country and the local. Giventhe fact that people from different regions have different subcultures，people tend to rejectpeople with different backgrounds.Besides，as people are more interested in making money，they are more likely to conflict in interest.No wonder that circle of confidants has shrunkdramatically and the number of people with whom to discuss important matters has spirallyincreased. 首先，由于城市化进程的飞速发展，社会就像是一种移动的团体，为了挣钱，越来越多的人从一座城市迁移到另一座城市。如今，城市有许多从农村来的农民工，以及那些追寻梦想的大学 毕业 生，来自当地和其他国家的商人。由于人们来自不同的地区，有着不一样的次 文化 ，人们往往会由于背景的不同而相互排斥。此外，人们对挣钱的欲望越来越大，他们更有可能因为利益而发生争执。难怪人们的朋友正在急剧减少，与他人谈论重大事宜的人却越来越多。 Secondly，while people are able to benefit from the advancement of new technologies， theyare likely to depend more upon technologies instead of friends. Communication technologiessuch as the Internet and phones let people stay in contact with other people who are fromremote areas， and spend time on the phone and the Internet communications instead ofdealing with people face to face. Network games have gained their popularity to such anextent that many spend most of their spare time in playing network games and hencetheybecome apathetic to have a good time with friends face to face. That face time seems morelikely to develop friendships. 第二，如今，人们能够通过先进的技术来获得利益，比起朋友来说，他们更加依靠技术。例如互联网和手机这样的通讯技术能够让人们与远在千里之外的人交流，人们不再进行面对面的交流，人们利用互联网和手机交流的时间增多了。网络游戏在一定程度上得到了迅猛的发展，人们的大量时间都花在了玩网络游戏上，人与人之间的交流变得非常冷淡。面对面的交流可以促进友谊。 As a result，the reduced face time would translate into a loose network between friends.Insum，urbanization has reduced the intimacy between human beings and makes them less likelyto make friends than in the past and the advancement of modern technology also makes peoplemore apathetic by reducing face-to-face contact with friends.I hope people can regain theintimacy between friends as before. 所以，面对面交流的减少将会导致朋友之间的疏远。 总结 ，城市化减少了人与人之间的亲密感，比起以往，人们交朋友的可能性正在降低，由于技术的不断发展，人们对于面对面交流更加冷漠。我希望人们之间的关系能够像从前那样亲密。

Loneliness is an emotional state in which a person or animal experiences a powerful feeling of emptiness and isolation. Loneliness is more than the feeling of wanting company or wanting to do something with another person. Loneliness is a feeling of being cut off, disconnected and alienated from other people. The lonely person may find it difficult or even impossible to have any form of meaningful human contact. Lonely people often experience a subjective sense of inner emptiness or hollowness, with feelings of separation or isolation from the world.Distinction from solitudeSee also: Loner Loneliness is not the same as being alone. Many people have times when they are alone through circumstances or choice. Being alone can be experienced as positive, pleasurable, and emotionally refreshing if it is under the individual's control. Solitude is the state of being alone and secluded from other people, and often implies having made a conscious choice to be alone. Loneliness is therefore unwilling solitude.In their growth as individuals, humans start a separation process at birth, which continues with growing independence towards adulthood. As such, feeling alone can be a healthy emotion and, indeed, choosing to be alone for a period of solitude can be enriching. To experience loneliness, however, can be to feel overwhelmed by an unbearable feeling of separateness at a profound level. This can manifest in feelings of abandonment, rejection, depression, insecurity, anxiety, hopelessness, unworthiness, meaninglessness, and resentment. If these feelings are prolonged they may become debilitating and prevent the affected individual from developing healthy relationships and lifestyles. If the individual is convinced he or she is unlovable, this will increase the experience of suffering and the likelihood of avoiding social contact. Low self esteem will often trigger the social disconnection which can lead to loneliness.In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with Emily Dickinson. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity; rather, it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist.[edit] Common causesPeople can experience loneliness for many reasons, and many life events are associated with it. The lack of friendship relations during childhood and adolescence, or the physical absence of meaningful people around a person are causes for loneliness, depression, and 'incelism'. At the same time loneliness may be a symptom of another social or psychological problem (for example chronic depression) which should be analyzed.Many people experience loneliness for the first time when they are left alone as an infant. It is also a very common though normally temporary consequence of divorce or the breakup or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, it may stem both from the loss of a specific person and from the withdrawal from social circles caused by the event or the associated sadness.Loss of a significant person in one's life will typically initiate a grief response; here, one might feel lonely, even in the company of others. Loneliness may also occur after the birth of a child, after marriage or any socially disruptive event, such as moving from one's home town to a university campus. Loneliness can occur within marriages or similar close relationships where there is anger, resentment, or where love cannot be given or received. It may represent a dysfunction of communication. Learning to cope with changes in life patterns is essential in overcoming loneliness.[edit] Typology[edit] Common typesLoneliness can be summarized as falling into these categories:Situational / circumstantial - loss of a relationship, move to a new city Developmental - a need for intimacy balanced by a need for individualism Internal - often including feelings of low self-esteem and vulnerability [edit] Common symptomsBelieving that 'everyone else' has friends Feeling socially inadequate and socially unskilled Being convinced there is something wrong with you Feeling that no one understands one's situation Feeling reluctant to attempt to change, or try new things Feeling 'empty', depressed, or even contemplating suicide Feeling anxious and/or desperate [edit] In modern societyLoneliness frequently occurs in heavily populated cities; in these cities many people feel utterly alone and cut off, even when surrounded by throngs of other people. They experience a loss of identifiable community in an anonymous crowd. It is unclear whether loneliness is a condition aggravated by high population density itself, or simply part of the human condition brought on by this social milieu. Certainly, loneliness occurs even in societies with much smaller populations, but the sheer number of random people that one comes into contact with daily in a city, even if only briefly, may raise barriers to actually interacting more deeply with them and increase the feeling of being cut off and alone. Quantity of contact does not translate into quality of contact.[1]Loneliness appears to have become particularly prevalent in modern times. At the beginning of the last century families were typically larger and more stable, divorce was rarer and relatively few people lived alone. Today, the trend has reversed direction: over a quarter of the U.S. population lived alone in 1998. In 1995, 24 million Americans lived in single-person households; by 2010, it is estimated that number will have increased to around 31 million.[2]A 2006 study in the American Sociological Review found that Americans on average had only two close friends to confide in, down from an average of three in 1985. The percentage of people who noted having no such confidant rose from 10 percent to almost 25 percent; and 19 additional percent said they had only a single confidant (often their spouse), raising the risk of serious loneliness in case the relationship ended.[3][edit] As human conditionPhilosophically; the existentialist school of thought views loneliness as the essence of being human. Each human being comes into the world alone, travels through life as a separate person, and ultimately dies alone. Coping with this, accepting it, and learning how to direct our own lives with some degree of grace and satisfaction is the human condition.[4] However, other existentialist thinkers argue the opposite. Human beings might be said to actively "engage" each other and the universe as they communicate and create, and loneliness is merely the feeling of being cut off from this process.[edit] EffectsChronic loneliness (as opposed to the normal loneliness everyone feels from time to time), is a serious, life-threatening condition. At least one study has empirically correlated it with an increased risk of cancer, especially for those who hide their loneliness from the outside world.[5] It is associated with increased risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease.[2] People who are socially isolated also report poor sleep quality and thus have diminished restorative processes.[6] Loneliness is also linked with depression, a risk factor for suicide.[7] Émile Durkheim also described loneliness, specifically the inability or unwillingness to live for others (i.e. for friendships or altruistic ideas), as the main reason for what he called 'egoistic' suicide.[8]Loneliness can play a part in alcoholism. In children, a lack of social connections is directly linked to several forms of antisocial and self-destructive behavior, most notably hostile and delinquent behavior. In both children and adults, loneliness often has a negative impact on learning and memory. Its effect on sleep patterns, as well as the above-mentioned other effects can have a devastating effect on the ability to function in everyday life.[7]Some other effects may not be symptomatic for years. In 2005, results from the U.S. Framingham Heart Study demonstrated that lonely men had raised levels of IL-6, a blood chemical linked to heart disease. A 2006 study conducted by the Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience at the University of Chicago found loneliness can add 30 points to a blood pressure reading for adults over the age of 50. Another remarkable finding, from a survey conducted by John Cacioppo, a psychologist at the University of Chicago, is that doctors say they provide better medical care to patients who have a strong network of family and friends than they do to patients who are alone.Enforced loneliness (solitary confinement) has been a punishment method throughout history. It is often considered a form of torture.