鸦片战争 the Opium War;太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom;戌戌变法 the Reform Movement of 1898。华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors;秦始皇帝 First Emperor,Emperor Chin;皇太后 Empress Dowager。慈禧皇太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi;汉高祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD);成吉思汗 Genghis Khan Temujin。皇妃 imperial concubine;丞相 prime minister;太监 court eunuch。印、玺 seal、stamp;龙图腾 dragon totem;华夏 Huanxia。夏朝 Xia Dynasty;春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period;战国 the Warring States。南宋 Southern Song;唐代 Tang dynasty;明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties。