圣诞老人培训学校英语阅读

Sintirklass

The original Santa Claus, St. Nicholas, was born in the ancient southeastern Turkish town of Lycia early in the fourth century. His generosity was legend, and he was particularly fond of children. We know this primarily through Roman accounts of his patronage of youth, which eventually led to his becoming the patron saint of children. Throughout the Middle Ages, and well beyond, he was referred to by many names none of them Santa Claus.圣诞老人的传说在数千年前的斯堪的纳维亚半岛即出现。北欧神话中司智慧，艺术，诗词，战争的奥丁神，寒冬时节，骑上他那八脚马坐骑驰骋于天涯海角，惩恶扬善，分发礼物。与此同时，其子雷神着红衣以闪电为武器与冰雪诸神昏天黑地恶战一场，最终战胜寒冷。据异教传说，圣诞老人为奥丁神后裔。也有传说称圣诞老人由圣·尼古拉而来，所以圣诞老人也称St.Nicholas.因这些故事大多弘扬基督精神，其出处，故事情节大多被淡忘，然而圣诞老人却永驻人们精神世界。

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Saint Nicholas Nicholas of Myra is the primary inspiration for the Christian figure of Sinterklaas. He was a 4th century Greek Christian bishop of Myra (now Demre) in Lycia, a province of the Byzantine Anatolia, now in Turkey. Nicholas was famous for his generous gifts to the poor, in particular presenting the three impoverished daughters of a pious Christian with dowries so that they would not have to become prostitutes.[8] He was very religious from an early age and devoted his life entirely to Christianity. In Europe (more precisely the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria and Germany) he is still portrayed as a bearded bishop in canonical robes. In 1087, the Italian city of Bari, wanting to enter the profitable pilgrimage industry of the times, mounted an expedition to locate the tomb of the Christian Saint and procure his remains. The reliquary of St. Nicholas was desecrated by Italian sailors and the spoils, including his relics, taken to Bari[9][10] where they are kept to this day. A basilica was constructed the same year to store the loot and the area became a pilgrimage site for the devout, thus justifying the economic cost of the expedition. Saint Nicholas was later claimed as a patron saint of many diverse groups, from archers, sailors, and children to pawnbrokers.[8][11] He is also the patron saint of both Amsterdam and Moscow.[12]圣诞老人此一神秘人物带给小孩子们礼物的概念衍生自圣尼古拉（Saint Nicholas）。尼古拉是一位4世纪生活在小亚细亚的好心主教，荷兰人在圣尼古拉斯节（12月6日）便会模仿他送礼物。在北美洲，荷兰和英国殖民者把这一传统融入圣诞节日的庆祝里，荷兰语的圣尼古拉（Sinterklaas）传进英语成为Santa Claus也就相应的成为圣诞老人的人物了。在英籍美国人的传统中，圣诞老人总是快活的在圣诞前夜乘着驯鹿拉的雪橇到来，他从烟囱爬进屋内，留下给孩子们的礼物，并吃掉孩子们为他留下的食物。他在一年中的其他时间里，都是忙于制作礼物和监督孩子们的行为。法国与圣诞老人类似的形象是Père Noel，他和圣诞老人几乎完全一样，其红白相间的衣服曾经使可口可乐公司获得灵感，在1930年代画出了传遍世界的圣诞老人形象。在一些文化中，圣诞老人身旁跟随着Knecht Ruprecht，或是称作“黑彼得”（荷文：Zwarte Piet）的家伙。一些版本中，玩具作坊里的侏儒制作了节日礼物，有时圣诞老人与圣诞夫人是夫妻。圣诞季期间，在北美和英国的很多超市里，都有小孩可以向其要礼物的圣诞老人出现。在冰岛的传说中，圣诞老人并不只一位，而是共有九位圣诞老人，各有不同的性格，有的调皮活泼，有的慈祥温柔。Thomas Nast 笔下的 Santa Claus 1863年1月3日, 由 Harper's Weekly发行.在许多国家里，圣诞节前夕，孩子们会准备好空的容器，以便圣诞老人可以装进一些小礼物，如玩具、糖果或水果。在美国， 孩子们圣诞夜会在壁炉上悬挂圣诞袜，因为圣诞老人说过要在圣诞夜前从烟囱下来把礼物放到袜子里。在其他国家，孩子们把空鞋放到户外，以便圣诞老人可以在圣诞夜（或圣尼古拉斯节前夕的12月5日）送礼。对于圣诞老人在北极的情形的描绘，巧妙地反映了人们对工业的印象。二十世纪早期，圣诞老人有些形象是他亲自以手工制造玩具，就像小工作坊里的工匠一样。后来，印象变成圣诞老人手下有许多小精灵制造玩具，但玩具依旧是各个精灵以传统方式手工完成的。等到二十世纪末，西方大众充分接受了大量机器生产的现实。现代对于圣诞老人的住处的描绘，反映了这点：人们幽默地讲说他的住处乃是高度机器化的生产设施，配备了最先进的制造业科技，由精灵还有经理一般的圣诞老婆婆管理。有很多电视广告将这场景经营成公司喜剧，将精灵描绘为心怀不满的员工，搞笑和作弄老板。上面那个是维基百科的英文介绍，下面这个是中文介绍，不是翻译。